Name Score The Neck Bone s Connected to the Head Bone
The Function and Interdependence of Organs and Tissues Main Idea 1. We are made of cells. Supporting Information 1. A group of specialized cells form tissues. 2. There are four basic types of tissue 3. Nerve tissue transfers information from one part of the body to another. 3. Muscle tissue contract and relax. 4. Voluntary or skeletal muscles; smooth tissue 4. Involuntary muscles 4. Cardiac tissue (the heart). 3. Epidermal (epithelial) tissue protects the body from injury and infection. Examples include the skin and inner surfaces of the body such as lungs, stomachs, intestines, and blood vessels. 3. Connective supports and holds parts of the body together. Includes cartilages and bones. 1. A group of tissues make an organ. 2. Organ performs a specific function in your body. 1. A group of organs make an organ system. - 1-2. Organ system a set of organs or structures in the body that have a common function. 2. Organ Systems 3. Circulatory System moves blood and oxygen through the body. 3. Endocrine System makes hormones the body needs. 3. Urinary System collects and removes fluids and waste from the body; secretes urine.
Main Idea Supporting Information 3. Digestive System breaks down (digests) food we eat to a form the body can use. 3. Integumentary System Made up of the skin and other membranes like the mucous membranes in the mouth and other parts of the body. 4. The skin is the largest organ in the body; 12% - 15% body weight; surface area of about 1-2 meters 3. Lymphatic System transports digested fat from the intestines to the bloodstream; removes and destroys toxic substances; resists the spread of disease throughout the body. 4. The fluid that carries the substances is called lymph. 3. Muscular System allows the body to move. 3. Nervous System sends and receives stimulus from parts of the body; transmits nerve impulses; activates muscles. 3. Skeletal System all the rigid or semi-rigid parts of the body that supports soft tissues; provides leverage from muscle actions. 1. A group of organ systems make an organism. - 2 -
Epithelial (2) (A/C) Vascular (blood) (B) Connective (D) Supporting (E) Muscle (F) Nerve (G) Tissue Color Tissue Color - 3 -
You have pictures of either organs or organ system. Each part has been identified. Color each part a different color. Digestive System - 4 -
Nerve (Neuron) Skin - 5 -
The following are steps describing how you digest your food. They are not in order. Place them in the proper order. Food enters the stomach. Water is absorbed in the large intestine. You chew your food. Food travels down the esophagus. Remaining waste is passed out of the body as feces. Saliva glands lubricate food before you swallow. Food is broken down and all chemicals are absorbed. Only the watery remains of food are left. Your stomach expands and contracts three times a minute so acids can break down the food into a form the body can use. Food then moves into the small intestines where most digestion occurs. Remaining food is broken down further to get any vitamins and chemicals that remain. Only waste is left. Food is put in your mouth. Remains enter the large intestine. Steps: #1. #7. #2. #8. #3. #9. #4. #10. #5. #11. #6. #12. - 6 -
Circulatory System The circulatory system is a complex series of tubes that transports nutrient-rich blood and waste products throughout the entire body. What does blood consist of? The blood consists of approximately 78 percent water. The remaining portion of blood is solid, mostly in the form of protein. Red cells, white cells and platelets are made in the marrow of bones, especially the vertebrae, ribs, hips, skull and sternum. The main components of human blood are: Plasma This is the watery portion of the blood. Blood cells are suspended here. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Using hemoglobin, these cells carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the entire body. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) These cells aid the immune response. They help fight off infections by engulfing and destroying foreign invaders. Platelets (Thrombocytes) Helps the blood clot. ABO Blood Grouping System Blood is grouped based on the inherited properties of the red blood cells. Blood type is determined by a human s genetic possession or lack of antigens A and/or B. Humans may have type A, type B, type AB, or type O blood. Blood can be shared between groups as long as the recipient can accept the antigen present in the blood they are receiving. - 7 -
What is found Between Tissues? Intercellular Fluid is the fluid found between cells & tissues. This medium provides for the exchange of materials between cells and tissues. Lymph is a yellowish fluid that is found within the vessels of lymphatic system. Lymph fluid carries white blood cells throughout the blood. It is formed from the plasma that diffuses out of the capillaries and into the lymphatic vessels. Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension - High blood pressure. The leading causes for hypertension include stress, diet, heredity, smoking, and aging. Coronary Thrombosis - Heart attack. Caused due to a blockage; usually in the arterial walls. Angina Pectoris - A narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of fatty deposits. Anemia - Due to low amounts of hemoglobin in blood. Blood cannot carry enough oxygen. Leads the patient feeling constantly tired. Leukemia - Makes a large number of abnormal white blood cells. - 8 -
The Heart The Heart is made of cardiac muscle and is surrounded by pericardium. It is composed of four chambers. The two upper chambers (atria) receive blood and the lower two chambers (ventricles) pump blood out. Heart valves, located between the chambers, prevent the back flow of blood. The septum separates the heart into two sides (right and left). The hearts functions as a double pump: the right side sends oxygen poor (deoxygenated) blood to the lungs and the left side sends oxygen rich (oxygenated) blood throughout the body. Circulation of Blood through the Body Pulmonary Circulation - The movement of blood between the heart and lungs. Systemic Circulation - The movement of blood between the heart and the rest of the body, excluding the lungs. - 9 -
Circulatory System Graphic Organizer Complete the graphic organizer. If you need help, read the Circulatory System article. - 10 -
Digestion in Humans Digestion begins in the mouth. Teeth break down food mechanically. Amylase is an enzyme found in the mouth that breaks down starch. The epiglottis covers the trachea (windpipe) allowing food to freely flow to the esophagus followed by the stomach. Food is pushed through the digestive canal by tiny contracting smooth muscle tissue. This process is called peristalsis. The Stomach Food sits in the stomach for two hours. During this time, food is broken down by gastric juices secreted by the stomach wall. Gastric juice is composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the enzyme pepsin. Pepsin breaks down proteins into shorter polypeptide chains. The Small Intestine The interior surface of the small intestine contains a number of finger-like projections called villi. Villi increase the surface area for absorbing broken down food products. The small intestine absorbs food, minerals, and a small amount of water. Pancreas The pancreas produces enzymes that directly or indirectly breakdown food. The pancreas is also the organ in charge of making insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the amount sugar that enters the blood. - 11 -
Liver, Gallbladder, and Large Intestine The liver produces bile. Bile is a liquid that digests large fat particles. Bile is stored in gall bladder. The gall bladder is a small sac at the base of the liver. During the digestive process, the gall bladder releases bile into the small intestine to break down fat particles. The large intestine is where the last bit of digestion takes place. Food resides are stored and a large amount of water is reabsorbed into the body in the large intestine. Digestive disorders: - 12 -
Digestion Graphic Organizer Read the Digestion in Humans article and complete the graphic organizer. - 13 -
- 14 -
The Oxygen Treasure Map Write the path of oxygen from outside of the body to the blood stream. Use the Respiratory System chart and the following words to help: Bronchi, Alveoli, Trachea, Nasal Cavity, Capillary, Pharynx, Bronchioles - 15 -