The Human Body Mrs. Green
Bell Work Which of the following helps the body to cool down? a) Shivering b) Sweating c) Running a fever d) Taking a deep breath Which of the following is a function of the digestive system? a) Carrying oxygen to the lugs b) Sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord c) Breaking down food into nutrients d) Providing support for the body
The skin is an organ Skin is the largest organ of the body that covers and protects the body from injury, infection and water loss. There are 3 ways it protects the body: Protecting the body- the skin forms a barrier to keep disease causing microorganisms and harmful substances out and keeps water in. Maintaining temperature the skin is composed of many blood vessels that can expand to allow more blood flow. The skin also contains sweat glands which produce perspiration to cool the skin. Eliminating waste the perspiration also contains dissolved wastes from the breakdown of proteins
Two layers of skin tissue: The Epidermis: The thin outer layer of skin which does NOT contain nerves or blood vessels The Dermis: The inner layer of skin between the epidermis and the fat Thicker than the epidermis and contains sweat glands, hairs, and oil glands.
The Skeletal System Skeleton made up of all the bones in your body; and has five major functions: 1. Gives shape and support to your body 2. Bones protect your internal organs 3. Major muscles are attached to your bones and allow you to move 4. Blood Cells are formed in red marrow at the center of bones 5. Calcium and phosphorus compounds are stored for use by the body later on when it is needed
Movable & Immovable Joints Joints any place where two or more bones come together; they are held in place by tough bands of tissue Ligaments are made of strong connective tissues Two types of joints: Immovable joints they connect bones but allow little to no movement. Example: the bones holding the skull Movable joints they allow the body to make many different movements such as those shown in the picture.
Bones Bones are complex living structures that grow, develop, and repair themselves. They are also strong and lightweight. Layers of the bone structure: Compact bone hard, strong layer under the membrane Spongy bone Marrow soft connective tissue, found towards the ends of long bones Cartilage rubbery layer of tissue found at the ends of bones where the joint is
Bell work 1) What is the green pigment that allows plants to change the sun s energy into food? a) Glucose b) Chlorophyll c) Mitochondria d) Photosynthesis 2) The central nervous system consists of two parts: the brain and the? a) Senses b) Organs c) Muscles d) Spinal cord 3) Which system takes oxygen from the air to be moved by the circulatory system? a) Respiratory system b) Digestive system c) Nervous system d) Skeletal system
Group presentations: Mrs. Green has a sign up sheet for a group to present a system or part of the Human body. Group size: 2-3 students Presentation type: poster board, pictures, written notes, PowerPoint. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
Muscular system Muscle = an organ that can relax and contract, providing the force to move your body. Three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal muscle attached to the bones of the skeleton. These have tendons (strong connective tissue attaching the muscle to bone, voluntary). Smooth muscle found in internal organs; these are involuntary muscles that react more slowly and tire more slowly Cardiac muscle found only in the HEART; involuntary muscles that do not get tired. Voluntary muscles muscles you are able to control Involuntary muscles muscles you CANNOT control
Muscle system Because muscle cells can only contract, not extend, skeletal muscles must work in pairs. While one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes to its original length.
Digestive System Digestive system = its main function is to disassemble the food you eat into molecules your body can use as energy and release waste. Process: Food enters through the mouth - and is chewed and swallowed. Enzymes in the mouth break down the food and speed up the process. Esophagus the muscular tube that moves the food to the stomach The stomach food is digested and broken down by the pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach. The small intestine this is the next step after the stomach. Most of the chemical digestion takes place here along with absorption of nutrients Substance produced by the liver, pancreas, and lining of the small intestine help to complete chemical digestion The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food and put it into the bloodstream. The remaining material is ready for elimination from the body.
Nervous system The Nervous system has 2 divisions that work together 1) Central Nervous System: consist of the brain and spinal cord and is the control center of the body The brain is located in the skull and has 3 main regions: 1. Cerebrum largest part; controls movement, senses, speech and abstract thought 2. Cerebellum coordinates actions of muscles and helps maintain balance 3. Brain stem controls involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate
Nervous system The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the peripheral nervous system. 2) Peripheral Nervous System: consist of a network of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system and connect it to the rest of the body. Reflex automatic response that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control; it helps protect the body Your nervous system receives information about what is happening inside and outside your body. It directs how your body responds to this information.
Respiratory System Respiratory System = main function is to supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide and water. REVIEW: Breathing VS. Respiration Breathing movement of the chest that brings air into the body through the lungs Respiration a chemical reaction used by cells to release energy from the glucose and produce C02 & H20
Organs of the Respiratory system
Excretory System Excretory system = eliminates urea, excess water and other waste from your body The structures of the excretory system include: The Kidneys major organs of this system that remove wastes but keep materials your body need. Each Kidney contains about a million nephrons (which are tiny filtering factories that remove waste from blood and produce urine). Ureters urine flows from the kidney through these narrow tubes and vary urine to the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder saclike muscular organ that stores urine. Urethra small tube in which urine leaves the body.
Excretory System
Endocrine System Endocrine system = produces chemicals that control many of the body s daily activities. Regulates long-term changes, such as growth and development. Endocrine glands produce and release hormones and chemical products that directly flow into the bloodstream. Hormones only interact with target cells, or those that recognize the hormone s chemical structure. This includes the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, thymus, and pancreas.
Endocrine System
Circulatory System Circulatory System = also called the cardiovascular system, it is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It delivers needed substances to cells, carries wastes away from cells, and helps regulate body temperature. The Heart is a hallow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. Each heartbeat pushes blood through the blood vessels. It has 4 chambers atriums are the upper two chambers and the ventricles are the lower two chambers
Circulatory System The Circulatory system also includes: Blood vessels they carry blood to every part of your body Arteries blood vessels that move blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. Pattern of blood flow: Loop 1 blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart Loop 2 blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns again to the heart
What is in Blood? Parts of blood include: Plasma liquid part of blood that is made mostly of water; nutrients, minerals and oxygen are dissolved here. Red blood cells these contain hemoglobin which is a chemical that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide and supplies the body with oxygen. White blood cells they fight bacteria and viruses by entering infected tissue, destroying bacteria/virus and absorb dead cells. Platelets irregularly shaped cell fragments that help clot the blood. Blood types these are chemical identification tags in the blood. There are 4 blood types: A, B, AB, and O. This is determined by the proteins known as marker molecules on red blood cells; it also determines the blood you can receive in transfusion (hospital).
Bell work 1) Which system works with the skeletal system by pulling on bones to create movement? a) Digestive b) Circulatory c) Muscular d) Nervous 2) Which organ is part of the respiratory system? a) Stomach b) Lungs c) Spinal cord d) Large intestines
Presentation Day Groups presenting today: Muscle system Endocrine system Excretory system Digestive system
Bell work How are plant cells different from animal cells? a) Only plant cells can grow b) Only animal cells can reproduce c) Only animal cells can store energy d) Only plant cells can perform photosynthesis Which cellular structure allows nutrients to pass into cells? a) Mitochondria b) Nucleus c) Membrane d) Chloroplast
Presentation day! Groups presenting today: Nervous system Circulatory system Respiratory system
Test day! I will be handing out the post-test My expectations are: Once the test is handed out every one is absolutely quite and respect other students who are still taking the test. No writing on my class set of the test! The purpose of a pre-test is to see what information you know and don t know about this unit. Once you have completely the test raise your hand and I will come get the test. Please sit quietly while you wait! You may color or read a book if you have one. Once everyone has finished we will start are new lesson After Thanksgiving break***