AP Psychology/Spencer Cumulative Exam 2 Review Name: I. Identify the School of Thought Associated with Each Psychologist A. Freud B. Watson C. Gazzaniga D. Skinner E. Ellis F. Rogers G. Maslow II. Identify the most appropriate research method A. Gathering data about Highlands students position on going to war on national healthcare. B. Understanding mating behavior of Bonobo Chimps. C. Finding the best person for a job as a college counselor. D. Understanding why an individual has a particular phobia. E. Testing the effectiveness of a drug for depression. III. Stats A. Name and describe the three measures of central tendency. B. Draw a positively skewed distribution. In a POSITIVELY SKEWED distribution, how is the MEAN impacted?
C. In a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 10 and a mean of 215, approximately 96% of the scores fall between the values of and. D. The most widely accepted significance value in psychology is. What does this mean? IV. Conducting Research A. In order for an experiment to be ethical, beforehand, researchers must attain from subjects, and after they must subjects. B. In an experiment that tests whether a drug for depression is effective, the DEPENDENT VARIABLE would be C. If two variables are perfectly negatively correlated, the correlation coefficient is. V. Psychology Professions A. A psychology profession who holds a medical degree is known as a/n B. A psychologist who studies corporate behavior and groups is most likely a/n C. Psychologists who gather information through studies and experiments are COLLECTIVELY known as, whereas those who use this information to understand everyday behavior/problems are called. D. What are the FOUR goals of psychology as a discipline? VI. Neurons A. According to this, a neuron fires at full strength or not at all B. Part of the neuron that stores neurotransmitters C. This speeds up neural impulses and protects the axon D. When a neuron fires, these ions rush across the cell membrane and into the cell E. When a neuron DEPOLARIZES, this is another way to say F. Substances that facilitate neural firing
VII. Identify the Brain part that Controls Each A. Higher level thinking B. Alertness C. Ability to process visual information D. Sex drive and hunger E. Movement F. Solidifying LTM from STM G. Coordination and balance VIII. Sleep and Dreaming A. Sleep stage when dreaming takes place B. Sleep stage when sleep spindles appear C. During Stage 1, these brainwaves dominate D. Sleep disorder that involves the cessation of breathing several times during the night E. According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream F. A 24-hour cycle of biological functioning IX. States of Consciousness A. Name TWO hallucinogens B. Requiring more and more of a drug to experience the same high suggests this has occurred C. Barbiturates and opiates are both categorized as D. Altered state of consciousness involving the repetition of a mantra
X. Sensation A. Smallest change in a stimulus you can detect 50% of the time B. Claims that there is no such thing as absolute threshold noticing a stimulus depends on a number of other factors C. Receptor cells in the retina that pick up on contrast D. The axons of these neurons comprise the optic nerve. E. Theory of color vision that best accounts for afterimages (person AND theory) F. According to this, pitch is determined by how rapidly hair cells fire the higher the tone the faster the firing! G. The gateway into the cochlea H. In non-human animals, this organ picks up on pheromones I. Our vestibular senses are located in our J. Accounts for why we do not initially feel incredible pain when seriously injured XI. Perception A. School of thought that best explains perception B. Apparent movement caused by lights flashing in rapid succession C. Name and describe two binocular cues for depth perception. D. Name and describe a binaural cue for sound localization. E. Describe and Explain the Stroop Effect XII. Identify the type of learning that is happening in each situation A. A UCS paired with an NS
B. A spontaneous behavior is followed by a consequence. C. You suddenly get it after thinking about it for a while D. You use what you know to figure out what is new or unknown. E. You make attempts, fail, and keep trying until you get the answer. XIII. Learning mechanisms A. Taking away a desirable consequence to decrease the likelihood of a behavior B. Superstition is most closely linked with this type of associative learning. C. An alternative to using punishment, this allows an organism to change its behavior in order to escape from being punished. D. According to his research, a USC can come before OR after an NS, but not both. E. Worked with cats in a puzzlebox operant conditioning. F. Tortured Baby Albert in the name of classical conditioning. G. Worked with chimps on insight. H. Proves extinction does NOT mean learning is gone forever. XIV. Intelligence A. Determine the IQ of an individual with a mental age of 8 and a chronological age of 6. B. They figured out how to determine the intellectual climate of a household. C. His definition of intelligence includes the ability to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with the environment. D. The most serious and debilitating level of mental retardation. E. The first intelligence test.
F. Measures projected ability in a particular area. G. Mastermind behind the theory of multiple intelligences H. Stressed the importance of emotional intelligence I. Formulated the Triarchic Theory of intelligence. J. Name and describe two ways to check test reliability. XV. Memory A. The information processing view of memory involves three steps name them B. This is also called working memory or primary memory C. What is the 7+/- 2 concept in memory? Who developed it? D. Neural changes that occur as we store memories. E. Someone with an extraordinary memory is called a F. What is prospective memory? How does it differ from retrospective memory? G. Our failure to recall leads us to fill in the gaps with sometimes false information H. You cannot recall anything that happened BEFORE your serious head injury. This type of amnesia has occurred. XVI. Language and Cognition A. Exaggerated speech pattern parents use to teach their children how to speak properly. B. According to this, how we THINK is DETERMINED by the language we have to describe our thoughts. C. According to this, how we think DETERMINES how our language evolves. D. He goed outside yesterday is an example of this common error in childhood speech.
E. Stereotypical representative in a concept used for comparison. XVII. Motivation, Emotion and Stress A. We want to spend spring break in either Cancun or in Jamaica both are fabulous! We must decide, however. According to Lewin, this presents a/n B. According to Selye s, responding to stress includes, and. C. These people about half the population are more susceptible to CHD. D. List 3 genetic mechanisms that govern eating/weight. E. List 2 chemical mechanisms that govern eating/weight. F. List 3 neurological mechanisms that govern eating/weight. G. According to this (associated with arousal theory), there is an optimal level of arousal for any given task. H. Name and describe three sources of stress. I. This theory of emotion requires cognitive appraisal of the environment before emotion is experienced. J. Name and describe the stimulus motives. K. Found evidence to support Darwin s theory that facial expressions are somewhat universal.