Middle mediastinum---- heart & pericardium Dep. of Human Anatomy Zhou Hongying eaglezhyxzy@163.com
Subdivisions of the mediastinum
Contents of Middle mediastinum Heart Pericardium: a serous sac enclosing the heart Roots of great vesseles Roots of the lungs Phrenic n. & accompanying pericardiophrenic vessels
Fibrous pericardium Serous pericardium pericardial cavity Pericardium
Development of the Pericardium
Location & Relation of the Pericardial Sac
The Bare Area of the Pericardium
Pericardiocentesis & Intracardiac Injection CLINICAL NOTE
Pericardium transverse pericardial sinus oblique pericardial sinus
pericardial sinus
pericardial sinus
Overview of the Heart Basic Function Systemtic Circulation Pulmonary Circulation
Location of the Heart
Position of Thoracic Viscera in Supine & Standing Positions
The Chest Radiographs (posterior-anterior view & lateral veiw)
The External Features of the Heart
Apex Base Externalfeature Anterior, posterior interventricular groove Coronary groove
Cardiac Axis & Cardiac Chambers
Internal Structures of the Heart Pathway of the Blood Flow of the Heart (Inflow Tract & Out flow Tract)
entering orifices exit orifice right auricle fossa ovalis pectinate muscles crista terminalis Internal structures--right atrium
The Right Ventricle right atrioventricular orifice conus arteriosus tricuspid valve tendious cords papillary muscle trabeculae carneae septomarginal trabecula valve of pulmonary trunk supraventricular crest
Valves of right half of heart Tricuspid valve pulmonary valve
Left auricle pectinate muscles Four openings of pulmonary veins ( two superior and two inferior) Interatrial septum Left atrioventricular orifice Left atrium
Left ventricle left atrioventricular orifice bicuspid (mitral) valves tendious cords papillary muscle trabeculae carneae aortic orifice, aortic valves (right, post., and left) aortic sinus interventricular septum
Aotric Vestibule Left Atrium & Left Ventricle (Inflow & Out flow Tracts)
Bicuspic valves Left ventricle aortic valves
Interatrial & Interventricular septum
CLINICAL NOTE The Ventricular Septal Defect
Valves of heart
The Atrioventricular (Mitral & Tricuspid) Valves
The Semilunar (Aortic & Pulmonary) Valves Aortic Sinus & Origination of Coronary Arteries
The Cardiac Valves & Their Auscultation mitral valve - anterior cusp - posterior cusp pulmonary valve - anterior cusp - right cusp - left cusp tricuspid valve - anterior cusp - posterior cusp - septal cusp aortic valve - right cusp - left cusp - posterior cusp
Cardiac auscultation
The structure of the heart endocardium myocardium epicardium cardiac skeleton Cardiac Skeleton, Tendon of Todaro & Atrioventricular Node
Triangle of Koch & Atrioventricular Node
sinuatrial node atrioventricular node interatrial bundle internodal bundle atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) right & left bundle branches Cardiac Conduction System
sinu-atrial node; atrioventricular node; atrioventricular bundle with its right and left bundle branches subendocardial plexus of conduction cells (the Purkinje fibers) Cardiac conduction system
Right Coronary A. arises from right aortic sinus runs along the coronary sulcus to reach the diaphragmatic surface Left Coronary A. arises from left aortic sinus runs between left auricle & pulmonary trunk sinuatrial nodal a. right marginal a. post. interventricular a. (accompany with middle cardiac vein) ant. interventricular a. circumflex branch left marginal a.
Coronary Arteries, Normal Patterns and Variations
Veins of the heart Coronary sinus Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Anterior cardiac veins Smallest cardiac veins
Veins of the heart
Veins of the heart
Cardiac innervation--cardiac plexus