Nutrition, Nutrition, Nutrition! Because food is life! Oh, I m hungry!

Nutrition, Nutrition, Nutrition! Because food is life! Oh, I m hungry!

Topics of Study 1. What is metabolism? 2. Energy and chemical changes 3. Nutrients needed for a healthy lifestyle 4. Calories and Caloric Intake 5. The food groups 6. Food labels, what do they mean? 7. The digestive system

1. What is metabolism? Collection of chemical reactions that take place in body s cell Converts food we eat into energy needed for the body to function

1. What is metabolism? For it to work, the body: Needs to consume food Breaks down food into simple molecules with the help of enzymes Use these simple molecules as fuel to preform bodily functions

2. Energy and chemical changes Energy: The capacity to do work or produce change There are multiple forms of energy Electrical energy Thermal energy Chemical energy Sound energy Mechanical energy Key is that all of the different forms of energy allow for work to happen!

2. Energy and chemical changes Energy can change forms Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it is converted from one form to another

2. Energy and chemical changes In living organisms, chemical energy (energy trapped in food) is transformed into thermal energy (heat-keep body temperature stable) and mechanical energy (movement of muscles) Some of the chemical energy in food is stored, so it can be used at another time (when needed)

2. Energy and Chemical Changes Def of Chemical Change: Changes which alters the bonds between atoms, so that they are rearranged and new molecules are formed

2. Energy and Chemical Changes Key types of chemical reactions 1. Synthesis: Two elements form a compound **Reaction that happens during photosynthesis**

2. Energy and Chemical Changes Key types of chemical reactions 2. Decomposition: Compound breaks into elements **Reaction that happens in the body**

3. Nutrients needed for a healthy lifestyle Def: A nutrient is a substance found in food that is used by the body to meet its needs Two categories of nutrients Macro-nutrients: Nutrients required in large amounts Micro-nutrients: Nutrients required in small amounts Both categories of nutrients are necessary for normal functioning of the body

3. Nutrients needed for a healthy lifestyle Macro-nutrients 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Fats Micro-nutrients 1. Vitamins 2. Minerals Water is neither a macro-nutrient or a micro-nutrient; it is necessary for: Transporting nutrients and waste Regulating body temperature Essential to help chemical reactions to take place

3. a) Macro-Nutrients Carbohydrates The body s main source of energy; also known as sugars Made up of carbon (C), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) in sugar blocks Three types of carbohydrates Monosaccharides: Single sugar molecule (glucose, fructose). These are building blocks to more complicated carbohydrate molecules Disaccharides: Double sugar molecule (lactose, sucrose). Polysaccharides: Complex sugar molecule (starch). These are a string of sugar molecules

Monosaccharides: Single sugar block

Disaccharides: Double sugar block

Polysaccharides: Complex sugar block ; molecule with multiple sugar molecules

3. a) Macro-Nutrients Protein Key in building and repairing cells and tissue (key in building muscle mass) Made up of chains of amino acids Carbohydrates and fats will be used as an energy supply before proteins

Protein: Complex structure made of multiple amino acids

3. a) Macro-Nutrients Fats (Lipids) Stores and provides energy Protects organs and insulates the body from the cold While fat is important, too much is bad! Not all fats are the same!

3. a) Macro-Nutrients Different Types of Fat Saturated Trans Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated - Unhealthy fat found in animal products, cheese and yogurt - Made from solidified vegetable oil - Is bad since it raises your bad cholesterol and lowers your good cholesterol - Healthy fat found naturally in olive and canola oil - Healthy fat that includes omega-3 (fish) and omega-6 (nuts)

What s Cholesterol?!? A molecule that is essential for the body However too much of it is bad There are two types: LDL (the bad kind) and HDL (the good kind) Cholesterol has four key roles 1. Helps form cell membrane 2. Component in bile acids in the intestines 3. Helps body make Vitamin D 4. Helps body make key hormones Problem? If you have too much LDL, it builds up in blood arteries, narrowing them and can lead to heart attacks

What s Cholesterol?!?

Saturated

Trans

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

3. b) Micro-Nutrients Vitamins Don t provide energy They are important because they help with: Chemical reactions Energy production Fighting infections Repairing tissue damage

3. b) Micro-Nutrients Minerals Don t provide energy Come from Earth s mantle; primarily get it from plants and animals we consume Each mineral has a different task Calcium and Phosphorus building bone and teeth Sodium adequate water level; proper sending of nerve impulses Potassium heart beating and muscle contractions

4. Calories and Caloric Intake Caloric Intake The amount of calories you need a day for your body to function properly Depends on Age Gender Amount of physical activity you get per day Basal Metabolic Rate

4. Calories and Caloric Intake Calorie Unit of heat energy in the body Defined as the amount of energy needed to heat 1 litre of water by 1 degree This is the unit of energy we use to figure out the energy in our food. Another unit we can use is the kilo Joule, but calorie is specific to food

4. Calories and Caloric Intake Caloric Intake is central in gaining or loosing weight Amount of energy consumed = Amount of energy needed : no weight gain Amount of energy consumed > Amount of energy needed : weight gain Amount of energy consumed < Amount of energy needed : weight loss

Males (Calories per day) Age Sedentary Level Low Active Level Active Level 2-3 y 1100 1350 1500 4-5 y 1250 1450 1650 6-7 y 1400 1600 1800 8-9 y 1500 1750 2000 10-11 y 1700 2000 2300 12-13 y 1900 2250 2600 14-16 y 2300 2700 3100 17-18 y 2450 2900 3300 19-30 y 2500 2700 3000 31-50 y 2350 2600 2900 51-70 y 2150 2350 2650 71 y + 2000 2200 2500

Females (Calories per day) Age Sedentary Level Low Active Level Active Level 2-3 y 1100 1250 1400 4-5 y 1200 1350 1500 6-7 y 1300 1500 1700 8-9 y 1400 1600 1850 10-11 y 1500 1800 2050 12-13 y 1700 2000 2250 14-16 y 1750 2100 2350 17-18 y 1750 2100 2400 19-30 y 1900 2100 2350 31-50 y 1800 2000 2250 51-70 y 1650 1850 2100 71 y + 1550 1750 2000