Guided Reading Activity Lesson 1 The Basics of the Nervous System Review Questions: Outlining Directions: Read the lesson and complete the outline below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks. I. How the Nervous System Works A. The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, and the nervous system consists of the nerve branches that reach the rest of the body. B. receive impulses from other neurons. C. The integrates impulses and contains DNA. D. The protects the axon and speeds the transmission of impulses. E. A neuron transmits impulses to another neuron through the. F. Neurotransmitters can receptors to turn them on or them to stop them from transmitting. G. neurons send signals from the sense organs to the brain, and neurons send signals from the brain to glands and muscles. II. Voluntary and Involuntary Activities A. The nervous system controls voluntary acts and the nervous system controls involuntary acts. B. The nervous system prepares the body for emergencies by speeding up the heart and increasing blood pressure. C. The nervous system helps the body recover from strenuous activity by slowing the heart and reducing blood pressure. Understanding Psychology 1
Summary and Reflection Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. How are chemical imbalances in and damage to the nervous system related to different types of conditions and diseases? 2 Understanding Psychology
Guided Reading Activity Lesson 2 Studying the Brain Review Questions: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Statements Directions: Read each main idea and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers. Main Idea A: Different parts of the brain control different functions. 1. What are the three parts of the human brain? 2. Where in the brain are the higher thinking processes located and what does that part of the brain consist of? 3. What are the different lobes of the cerebrum and with what types of functions is each lobe associated? 4. How do the two hemispheres of the cerebrum complement each other? 5. What connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum? Understanding Psychology 1
6. Why are different parts of the brain needed to perform one simple activity, such as walking across the street? Main Idea B: Psychologists have developed several different methods for studying the brain. 1. Why do psychologists no longer perform procedures like lobotomies and why are psychologists limited in the research they can do on human beings? 2. How does an electroencephalograph monitor the brain? 3. Why are experiments on animals brains, such as creating brain lesions in rhesus monkeys, of limited use in understanding the human brain despite their similarities? 4. Who was Dr. Paul Broca and why is a part of the brain named after him? 2 Understanding Psychology
5. What do computerized axial tomography (CT) scans and positron emission tomography (PET) scans use to examine the brain? Summary and Reflection Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. In what ways has altering specific parts of the brain through damage or treatment resulted in specific conditions or changes in behavior? Understanding Psychology 3
Guided Reading Activity Lesson 3 The Endocrine System Review Questions: Identifying Supporting Details Directions: Read each main idea. Use your textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea. Main Idea A: The endocrine system sends chemical messages to and from the brain. 1. Detail: Hormones are produced by the. 2. Detail: Hormones circulate through the to the particular organs they influence. 3. Detail: are a synthetic hormone used to treat weight loss and are sometimes used illegally by athletes to enhance performance. 4. Detail: The is the master gland and controls the output of hormones by other glands. 5. Detail: The monitors the amount of hormones in the blood and corrects imbalances. 6. Detail: The controls how quickly the body uses energy. 7. Detail: The become active when a person is frightened; they produce epinephrine, which is also called. 8. Detail: The hormone important in the physical development of males is, and the hormones important in the physical development of females are and. Main Idea B: Hormones and neurotransmitters work together and sometimes compete with each other in our bodies. 1. Detail: The same can act as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. 2. Detail: Hormones and neurotransmitters appear to have from a common origin and split into separate systems. 3. Detail: The system sends rapid and specific messages. 4. Detail: The system sends slow and widespread messages. Understanding Psychology 1
Summary and Reflection Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. How do specific changes or imbalances in hormones affect behavior? 2 Understanding Psychology
Guided Reading Activity Lesson 4 Heredity and Environment Review Questions: Using Headings and Subheadings Directions: Locate each heading below in your textbook. Then use the information under the correct heading and subheading to help you write each answer. I. Nature vs. Nurture A. Explain what the nature vs. nurture debate is. B. How is the effect of genes on behavior limited? C. What is the difference between a person s genotype and phenotype? D. What is the cause of Down syndrome? E. What is the difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait? Understanding Psychology 1
F. Why can inbreeding cause undesirable traits in offspring? II. Twin Studies A. What is the difference between identical twins and fraternal twins? B. Why is studying adopted siblings useful in determining the influence of nature vs. nurture? C. What was discovered by the University of Minnesota study of identical twins who were raised in different environments? Summary and Reflection Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. What evidence have scientists discovered linking heredity to behavior, as described in this lesson? 2 Understanding Psychology