KINGDOM PROTISTA CHAPTERS 26 & 27
CHARACTERISTICS Eukaryotic Heterotrophic & Autotrophic Mostly unicellular ; some multicellular Asexual reproduction binary fission Sexual reproduction - conjugation Plant like algae (classified by color) Animal like protozoans (classified by locomotion)
PHYLA SARCODINA Pseudopodia false foot ; cytoplasmic extensions that permit movement Cytoplasm extends into pseudopod cytoplasmic streaming Scavengers ; nutrients absorbed through phagocytosis Reproduce through binary fission Contractile vacuole pumps excess water
EXAMPLES OF SARCODINES 1. AMEBA http://ants.gsfc.nasa.gov/ life.html Most free living in water Some live in human and animal intestines Amebic dysentary ulcers of the large intestine caused by Entamoeba histolytica
2. Foraminifera Cell membrane has a protective covering called a test or shell Test made of calcium carbonate Inhabit oceans
3. RADIOLARIANS oldest protozoans live in shallow open water Test made of silicon dioxide
PHYLA CILIOPHORA Move with hair like extensions called cilia Do not change shape pedicle rigid protein covering 2 nuclei Macronucleus (larger) controls respiration, protein synthesis, digestion & asexual reproduction Micronucleus (smaller) controls sexual reproduction
http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/researchcuration/projects/protistvideo/list.dsml?beginindex=660&
EXAMPLE OF CILIATES Paramecium http://www.microscop y- uk.org.uk/mag/indexm ag.html?http://www.mi croscopyuk.org.uk/mag/wimsm all/cilidr.html
PHYLA ZOOMASTIGINIA Move using an undulating whip like tail called a flagella Most free living Some parasitic
EXAMPLES OF FLAGELLATES 1. Trypanosoma Live in blood of tse tse fly Causes trypanosomiasis or African Sleeping Sickness Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sleepiness, mental deterioration, & coma Another species can cause Chagas disease transmitted by the kissing bug ; causes fever & severe heart damage
2. Leishmania Transmitted by a sand fly Causes disfiguring skin sores Can be fatal
3. Giardia found in the intestines of some animals & contaminates water with their feces Diarrhea & intestinal cramps
4. Trichonympha Termite intestines Digests cellulose of wood mutual relationship
PHYLA SPORAZOA No method or movement on their own Carried in blood or body fluids of host parasitic
EXAMPLES OF SPOROZOANS 1. Plasmodium Transmitted to humans by the female Anopheles mosquito Causes malaria Fever, chills, sweating, kidney damage, anemia & brain damage Can be fatal
Found in birds, rodents & domestic cats Causes toxoplasmosis in humans Flu like symptoms in adults Fatal to fetuses or newborns 2. Toxoplasma
http://www.microscopyuk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www. microscopyuk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.html http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/jmresourc es/pond/life.html#identification http://www.101science.com/biology.htm#p ROTIST
http://botweb.uwsp.edu/130.htm http://megasun.bch.umontreal.ca/protists/p rotists.html (algae) www.microscopyuk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/green.html
ALGAE Plant like protist autotrophic eukaryotic produce 30-40% of oxygen in atmosphere basis of food chain 6 phyla classified by color
PHYLA CHLOROPHYTA Spirogyra, ulva, volvox Ancestors of modern plants: chlorophyll store food as starch cell wall of cellulose
PHYLA PHAEOPHYTA Brown algae cell walls contain algenic acid which is used to give foods a creamy texture - ice cream & marshmallows
PHYLA RHODOPHYTA Red algae cell wall coated with carageenan - used to give smooth texture to cosmetics, agar, pudding or toothpaste
PHYLA CHRYSOPHYTA Golden brown algae diatoms - cell wall contains silica which is resistant to decomposition used in commercial products - paint removers, insulators, pool filters, road paint, abrasives or toothpaste
PHYLA PYRROPHYTA Dinoflagellates - cell wall of cellulose & capable of producing own light - bioluminescence causes red tides - discoloration of ocean due to population explosions - toxic to man & fish
PHYLA EUGLENOPHYTA Similar to both algae and protozoa unicellular with a flagella no cell wall eyespot to seek light Ex. Euglena