Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases Edited by K.O. Rainsford Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Science and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK R. Milanino Institute of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, ltaly J.R.J. Sorenson Department of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas, little Rock, AR, and G.P. Vei o Institute of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy... " SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, BV.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. ISBN 978-94-010-5757-8 ISBN 978-94-011-3963-2 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3963-2 Printed an acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 1998 No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

Contents List of Contributors vii Preface 1 History of zinc therapy TU Hoogenraad 2 Physiological properties of copper and zinc V Albergoni 7 3 Biological chemistry of copper compounds L-O Klotz and U Weser 19 4 The biological chemistry of zinc S Rahuel-Clermont and MF Dunn 47 5 Copper and zinc metallothioneins V Albergoni and E Piccinni 61 6 Zinc in the regulation and therapy of inflammatory diseases and gastrointestinal ulceration KD Rainsford and B Zeitlin 79 7 Copper complexes for therapy of cancer and autoimmune diseases JRJ Sorenson 8 Zinc and copper in the treatment of rheumatic diseases F Fernandez-Madrid 125 9 Topically applied copper preparations for anti-inflammatory therapy SJ Beveridge 10 Regulation by copper of rat adjuvant-arthritis: a model of chronic inflammation especially suitable for studying the mechanisms of copper anti-inflammatory activity R Milanino, M Marrella, GP Velo, P Cristofori and A Terron 147 11 Copper and zinc compounds and cell surface interactions ME Davies and M Pasqualicchio 161 12 Copper and postmenopausal osteoporosis JJ Strain 173 l3 Menkes disease: a genetic defect of copper transport B Sarkar 179 Index 189 v ix ll3 l39

List of Contributors VALBERGONI Department of Biology University of Padova Via Trieste 75 1-35121 Padova Italy SJBEVERIDGE Department of Chemistry Central Coast Campus University of Newcastle Brush Road Ourimbah, NSW 2258 Australia ME DAVIES Strangeways Research Laboratory Worts' Causeway Cambridge, CB14RN UK MFDUNN Department of Biochemistry University of California at Riverside Riverside, CA 92521-0121 F FERNANDEZ-MADRID Division of Rheumatology Hutzel Hospital 4707 St Antoine Boulevard Detroit, MI 48201 TU HOOGENRAAD Department of Neurology University Hospital Utrecht Heidelberglaan too 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands L-OKLOTZ Physiological Chemical Institute Eberhard-Karls-Universitiit Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 4 D-72076 Tiibingen Germany RMILANINO Institute of Pharmacology University of Verona Policlinico di Borgo Roma 1-37134 Verona Italy EPICCINNI Department of Biology University of Padova via U. Bassi 58/B 1-35121 Padova Italy S RAHUEL-CLERMONT Department of Biochemistry University of California at Riverside Riverside, CA 92521-0121 KD RAINSFORD Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Science and Mathematics Sheffield Hallam University Pond Street, Sheffield, SI lwb UK BSARKAR Department of Biochemistry Research The Hospital for Sick Children 555 University Avenue Toronto, Ontario, M5G lx8 Canada vii

COPPER AND ZINC IN INFLAMMATORY AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES JRJ SORENSON Department of Pharmacy University of Arkansas for Medical Science Campus 4301 W. Markham, Slot 522 Little Rock, AR 72205 JJSTRAIN Human Nutrition Research Group University of Ulster Coleraine, BT52 I SA Northern Ireland UWESER Physiological Chemical Institute Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tiibingen Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 4 D-72076 Tiibingen Germany BZEITLIN Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Science and Mathematics Sheffield Hallam University Pond Street, Sheffield, SI IWB UK viii

Preface It has now been well established that changes occur, albeit variably, in the plasma and tissue concentrations of both copper and zinc in a large number of acute and chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases. These metal ions form associations with an immense array of enzymes and regulatory macromolecules such that it is not hard to envisage that there will be consequences for their activity as a result of alterations in the metabolism and distribution of copper and zinc. Yet this simplistic view belies more complex issues. Thus, variations in the cellular and circulating levels occur with different conditions and at different stages in their progression. The well-known opposing changes of copper and zinc as well as their contrasting actions makes for many of the puzzling aspects in the understanding of the role of these metals in inflammatory andn degenerative diseases. We have tried here to bring together the current state of knowledge of the roles of copper and zinc in the pathophysiology of various chronic diseases, their importance in various cellular and biochemical processes, and the application of various complexes of zinc and copper in treating a range of diseases. The mode of action of these metal complexes is considered in detail. This book should be of interest to a wide readership ranging from basic scientists interested in the chemistry and biological actions of metal complexes, to those physicians involved in treating diseases such as arthritis, gastrointestinal ulceration, inflammatory bowel diseases, and Alzheimer's and related inflammatory/degenerative dementias. We hope that this book will also serve as a stimulus for more, indeed much needed, research into the development of novel metal therapies, drugs that alter metal ion status, and the molecular and cellular biology underlying the actions of copper and zinc and their metal complexes. Our thanks go to Ms Nettie Dekker, Mr Phil Johnstone and their colleagues at Kluwer Academic Publishers who have helped in putting this book together and gave much valuable advice. We also thank Veronica Rainsford-Koechli and Marguerite Lyons for their invaluable secretarial help and assistance in coordinating the preparation of this book. This book is especially dedicated to those scientists and physicians who have persevered in their understanding of the actions and applications of metal ion therapies as well as the roles of copper and zinc in various diseases. (For the editors) K.D. Rainsford Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK ix