I N T E R P R E TAT I O N IQFISH pharmdx Interpretation Guide TM HER2 IQFISH pharmdxtm TOP2A IQFISH pharmdxtm Breast carcinoma (FFPE) stained with HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Breast carcinoma (FFPE) stained with TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx Gastric cancer (FFPE) stained with HER2 IQFISH pharmdx THREEHOURSTHIRTYMINUTES IT S ABOUT TIME
For In Vitro Diagnostic Use IQFISH pharmdx CE IQFISH pharmdx are direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays designed to quantitatively determine gene numeration in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast and gastric cancer tissue specimens. Fast: The IQFISH hybridization buffer reduces hybridization time to only 1-2 hours, enabling a turnaround time of only three hours and thirty minutes from dewax to counting. Non-toxic: The IQFISH hybridization buffer is non-toxic, avoiding the concerns of using toxic formamide in your assays. Accurate: Robust protocol yields precise results with proven concordance to existing FDA-approved FISH assays. Timeline for IQFISH procedure Hours 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 New hybridization buffer with 1 hour hybridization 1 hour Traditional formamidebased buffer with 14-20 hours hybridization 14-20 hours hybridization Deparaffinization Heat pre-treatment Digestion Denaturation Hybridization Stringent wash Mounting HER2 IQFISH pharmdx HER2 IQFISH pharmdx is a direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay designed to quantitatively determine HER2 gene amplification in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from patients with breast cancer, and patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach, including gastro-esophageal junction. HER2 IQFISH pharmdx is an aid in the assessment of patients for whom Herceptin (Trastuzumab) treatment is being considered. TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx is designed to detect amplifications and deletions of the TOP2A gene using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human breast cancer tissue specimens. Deletions and amplifications of the TOP2A gene serve as a marker for poor prognosis in high-risk breast cancer patients. TOP2A gene amplification detected by TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx is further indicated as an aid to predict recurrencefree survival in high-risk breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant Epirubicin based chemotherapy. Pictures on front cover Breast carcinoma (FFPE) stained with TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx TM, code K5733. Tumor cell show TOP2A gene deletion (TOP2A/CEN-17 ratio < 0.8). Gastric cancer (FFPE) stained with HER2 IQFISH pharmdx TM, code K5731. Tumor cells show HER2 non-amplified (HER2/CEN-17 ratio < 2) heterogeneous mosaic signal distribution. Breast carcinoma (FFPE) stained with HER2 IQFISH pharmdx TM, code K5731. Tumor cells show HER2 gene amplification (HER2/CEN-17 ratio 2). 2 IQFISH pharmdx - For in Vitro Diagnostic Use
Filter Recommendation Filters are individually designed for specific fluorochromes and for each microscope. For the interpretation of IQFISH pharmdx staining assays, the following combination of filters should be used: Specific DAPI filter High-quality Texas Red/FITC double filter (alternatively specific Texas Red and FITC single filters) Fluorochrome Excitation Wavelength Emission Wavelength FITC 495 nm 520 nm Texas Red 596 nm 615 nm Scoring Guide Assessable tissue In breast cancer score only the invasive component of a carcinoma In gastric cancer cases with intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma in the same specimen, only the carcinoma component should be scored Avoid areas of heavy inflammation, necrosis and areas where the nuclear borders are ambiguous Disregard nuclei with weak signal intensity and non-specific or high background staining. Also disregard staining of bacterial DNA in mast cells and macrophages (highly red fluorescent cells that are clearly distinct from tumor cells with high gene amplification). Quality Control Signals must be bright, distinct and easy to evaluate Normal cells allow for an internal control of the staining run Normal cells should have 1-2 clearly visible green signals indicating that the CEN-17 PNA Probe has successfully hybridized to the centromeric region of chromosome 17 Normal cells should also have 1-2 clearly visible red signals indicating that the DNA Probe has successfully hybridized to the target region Due to tissue sectioning, some normal cells will have less than the expected 2 signals of each colour Normal cells undergoing cell division may have more than the normal 1-2 signals of each colour Failure to detect signals in normal cells indicates assay failure, and results should be considered invalid Nuclear morphology must be intact when evaluated using a DAPI filter. Numerous ghost-like cells and a general poor nuclear morphology indicate overdigestion of the specimen, resulting in loss or fragmentation of signals. Such specimens should be considered invalid. Differences in tissue fixation, processing, and embedding in the user s laboratory may produce variability in results, necessitating regular evaluation of in-house controls IQFISH pharmdx - For in Vitro Diagnostic Use 3
HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Breast Indication Signal location Locate tumor on H&E-stained slide. Evaluate the same area on the IQFISH-stained slide Scan several areas of tumor cells to account for possible heterogeneity Select distinct tumor areas for assessment Begin analysis in upper left quadrant of selected area. Scan from left to right, counting signals in each tumor nucleus. Signal enumeration Count HER2 (red) and CEN-17 (green) signals in 20 nuclei in 1-2 representative tumor areas (see counting guide) Calculate the HER2/CEN-17 ratio by dividing the total number of HER2 signals by the total number of CEN-17 signals Two signals of the same size, separated by a distance equal to or less than the diameter of one signal, are counted as one signal. Nuclei with high levels of HER2 (red) gene amplification may exhibit formation of signal clusters. Estimate the HER2 signal number. HER2 clusters may obscure CEN-17 (green) signals. You can check this using a specific FITC filter. Nuclei exhibiting signals of only one color should not be scored Do not score nuclei demonstrating overdigestion Adjust microscope focus to locate all signals in the individual nuclei Ratio of HER2/CEN-17 signals HER2 Gene Status Result < 2 Non-Amplified Negative 2 Amplified Positive Results at or near the cut-off (1.8 2.2) should be interpreted with caution. In these cases, count an additional 20 nuclei and recalculate the ratio. 4 HER2 IQFISH pharmdx - Breast Indication
HER2/CEN-17 Quality Control Inadequate see troubleshooting Adequate Scan several areas of tumor cells to account for possible heterogeneity Perform enumeration on 20 cells in 1-2 representative tumor areas. Calculate the HER2/CEN-17 ratio by dividing the total number of HER2 signals by the total number of CEN-17 signals Ratio 1.8-2.2 Ratio < 2 Non-amplified Count an additional 20 nuclei and recalculate the ratio. Ratio 2 Amplified HER2 IQFISH pharmdx - Breast Indication 5
HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Gastric Indication Signal location Locate tumor on H&E-stained slide. Evaluate the same area on the IQFISH-stained slide Scan the complete IQFISH stained slide and note the overall signal distribution (homogeneous or heterogeneous) For homogeneous signal distributions, perform enumeration on 20 cells in 1-2 representative tumor areas For heterogeneous signal distribution, 20 cells are evaluated If focal amplification exists, areas with amplified cells should be selected If mosaic distribution exists, count in areas with amplified cells. In these areas, however, not only amplified cells should be counted, but rather all tumor cells in the area should be counted in a representative manner. When an area has been selected for signal evaluation, begin analysis in one of the 20 adjacent, chosen nuclei and then count in a cell-by-cell fashion excluding nuclei that do not meet the quality criteria. Signal enumeration Count HER2 (red) and CEN-17 (green) signals in nuclei in representative tumor areas (see counting guide) Calculate the HER2/CEN-17 ratio by dividing the total number of HER2 signals by the total number of CEN-17 signals Two signals of the same size, separated by a distance equal to or less than the diameter of one signal, are counted as one signal. Nuclei with high levels of HER2 (red) gene amplification may exhibit formation of signal clusters. Estimate the HER2 signal number. HER2 clusters may obscure CEN-17 (green) signals. You can check this using a specific FITC filter. Nuclei exhibiting signals of only one color should not be scored Do not score nuclei demonstrating overdigestion Adjust microscope focus to locate all signals in the individual nuclei Ratio of HER2/CEN-17 signals HER2 Gene Status Result < 2 Non-Amplified Negative 2 Amplified Positive Results at or near the cut-off (1.8 2.2) should be interpreted with caution. In these cases, count an additional 40 nuclei and recalculate the ratio. 6 HER2 IQFISH pharmdx - Gastric Indication
HER2/CEN-17 Quality Control Inadequate see troubleshooting Adequate Scan the complete IQFISH stained slide and note the overall signal distribution Homogeneous Heterogeneous Focal Mosaic Perform enumeration on 20 cells in 1-2 representative tumor areas. Perform enumeration on 20 cells in areas with amplified cells. Count in areas with amplified cells. In these areas count all tumor cells in a representative manner. Calculate the HER2/CEN-17 ratio by dividing the total number of HER2 signals by the total number of CEN-17 signals Ratio 1.8-2.2 Ratio < 2 Non-amplified Count an additional 40 nuclei and recalculate the ratio. Ratio HER2 IQFISH pharmdx - Gastric Indication 7
HER2 IQFISH pharmdx, Counting Guide One green signal (split) indicates the presence of one copy of chromosome 17*. One red signal indicates the presence of one copy of the HER2 gene. The ratio of HER2 to CEN-17 is 1/1 = 1; non-amplified. Three green signals (one out of focus) indicate the presence of three copies of chromosome 17. Three red signals indicate the presence of three copies of the HER2 gene. The ratio of HER2 to CEN-17 is 3/3 = 1; non-amplified. Two green signals indicate the presence of two copies of chromosome 17. Three red signals (two split signals) indicate the presence of three copies of the HER2 gene*. The ratio of HER2 to CEN-17 is 3/2 = 1.5; non-amplified. One green signal indicates the presence of one copy of chromosome 17. Five red signals indicate the presence of five copies of the HER2 gene. The ratio of HER2 to CEN-17 is 5/1 = 5; amplified. Three green signals indicate the presence of three copies of chromosome 17. Approximately 12 red signals indicate the presence of 12 copies of the HER2 gene (cluster estimation). The ratio of HER2 to CEN-17 is 12/3 = 4; amplified. Do not score (nuclei are overlapping, not all areas of nuclei are visible). Do not score nuclei with signals of only one color (two green signals). Do not score (overdigested nuclei). Cluster of red signals hiding green signals. Check the green signals with a specific FITC filter, or do not score. * Two signals of the same size, separated by a distance equal to or less than the diameter of one signal, are counted as one signal. 8 HER2 IQFISH pharmdx - Breast and Gastric Indication
TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx Signal location Locate tumor on H&E stained slide. Evaluate the same area on the IQFISH-stained slide Scan several areas of tumor cells to account for possible heterogeneity Select distinct tumor areas for assessment Begin analysis in upper left quadrant of selected area. Scan from left to right, counting signals in each tumor nucleus. Signal enumeration Count TOP2A (red) and CEN-17 (green) signals in nuclei in representative tumor areas. If possible count the nuclei from 3 distinct tumor areas. Count signals in 60 nuclei or a total of 60 events, where one event is a red gene signal. A variable number of nuclei are thus scored until 60 red TOP2A signals are reached. The corresponding green CEN-17 signals in the same nuclei are recorded. The minimum number of nuclei to score is 6. Calculate the TOP2A/CEN-17 ratio by dividing the total number of red TOP2A signals by the total number of green CEN-17 signals Two signals of the same size, separated by a distance equal to or less than the diameter of one signal, are counted as one signal Nuclei with high levels of TOP2A (red) gene amplification may exhibit formation of signal clusters. Estimate the TOP2A signal number. TOP2A clusters may obscure CEN-17 (green) signals. You can check this using a specific FITC filter. Do not score nuclei with no green signals. Score only those nuclei with one or more green reference signals. Do not score nuclei demonstrating overdigestion Adjust microscope focus to locate all signals in the individual nuclei Ratio of TOP2A/CEN-17 signals TOP2A Gene Status Result Ratio < 0.8 Deletion Positive 0.8 Ratio < 2 Normal Negative Ratio 2 Amplified Positive Results at or near the cut-off (1.8-2.2 for amplifications and 0.7-0.9 for deletions) should be interpreted with caution. It is recommended to check that the scorings does not include a high percentage of normal nuclei. If the ratio falls into either of the two equivocal zones, or in case of uncertainty, it is recommended that the score of the specimen should be verified by rescoring by a second person, by counting nuclei from 3 more tumor areas and/or counting a total of 60 nuclei. An acceptance criterion of ±10% CV is recommended. The final ratio should be recalculated based on all scorings. For borderline cases a consultation between the pathologist and the treating physician is warranted. TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx 9
TOP2A/CEN-17 Quality Control Inadequate see troubleshooting Adequate Scan several areas of tumor cells to account for possible heterogeneity Perform enumeration on 60 cells Count a total of 60 events, where one event is a red gene signal. A variable number of nuclei are thus scored until 60 red TOP2A signals are reached. The corresponding green CEN-17 signals in the same nuclei are recorded. The minimum number of nuclei to score is 6. Calculate the TOP2A/CEN-17 ratio by dividing the total number of TOP2A signals by the total number of CEN-17 signals Ratio < 0.8 Deletion Ratio 0.7-0.9 0.8 Ratio < 2 Ratio 1.8-2.2 Ratio 2 Normal Amplified Recount the specimen and recalculate the ratio based on all counted cells 10 TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx
TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx, Counting Guide One green signal (split) indicates the presence of one copy of chromosome 17*. One red signal indicates the presence of one copy of the TOP2A gene. The ratio of TOP2A to CEN-17 is 1/1 = 1; non-amplified. Three green signals (one out of focus) indicate the presence of three copies of chromosome 17. Three red signals indicate the presence of three copies of the TOP2A gene. The ratio of TOP2A to CEN-17 is 3/3 = 1; non-amplified. Two green signals indicate the presence of two copies of chromosome 17. Three red signals (two split signals) indicate the presence of three copies of the TOP2A gene*. The ratio of TOP2A to CEN-17 is 3/2 = 1.5; non-amplified. One green signal indicates the presence of one copy of chromosome 17. Five red signals indicate the presence of five copies of the TOP2A gene. The ratio of TOP2A to CEN-17 is 5/1 = 5; amplified. Three green signals indicate the presence of three copies of chromosome 17. Approximately 12 red signals indicate the presence of 12 copies of the TOP2A gene (cluster estimation). The ratio of TOP2A to CEN-17 is 12/3 = 4; amplified. Do not score (nuclei are overlapping, not all areas of nuclei are visible). Do not score nuclei with no green signals. Score only those nuclei with one or more green reference signals. Count as 2 green signals. Do not score nuclei with only red signals. (three red signals). Do not score (overdigested nuclei). Cluster of red signals hiding green signals. Check the green signals with a specific FITC filter, or do not score. * Two signals of the same size, separated by a distance equal to or less than the diameter of one signal, are counted as one signal. TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx 11
Troubleshooting Problem Probable Cause Suggested Action 1. No signals or weak signals 1a. Kit has been exposed to high temperatures during transport or storage 1b. Microscope not functioning properly - Inappropriate filter set - Improper lamp - Mercury lamp too old - Dirty and/or cracked collector lenses - Unsuitable immersion oil 1c. Faded signals 1d. Pre-treatment conditions incorrect 1e. Evaporation of Probe Mix during hybridization 1a. Check storage conditions. Ensure that vial 3 has been stored at -18 C in the dark. Ensure that vials 2A, 3 and 5 have been stored at maximum 2-8 C, and that vials 3 and 5 have been stored in the dark. 1b. Check the microscope and ensure that the used filters are suitable for use with the kit fluorochromes, and that the mercury lamp is correct and has not been used beyond expected lifetime. In case of doubt, please contact your local microscope vendor. 1c. Avoid long microscopic examination and minimize exposure to strong light sources. 1d. Ensure that the recommended pre-treatment temperature and time are used. 1e. Ensure sufficient humidity in the hybridization chamber 2. No green signals 2a. Stringent wash conditions incorrect 2a. Ensure that the recommended stringent wash temperature and time are used, and that coverslips are removed before performing stringent wash 3. No red signals 3a. Pre-treatment conditions incorrect 3a. Ensure that the recommended pre-treatment temperature and time are used 4. Areas without signal 5. Excessive background staining 6. Poor tissue morphology 7. High level of green auto fluorescence on slide including areas without FFPE tissue 4a. Probe volume too small 4b. Air bubbles caught during Probe Mix application or mounting 5a. Inappropriate tissue fixation 5b. Paraffin incompletely removed 5c. Stringent wash temperature too low 5d. Prolonged exposure of hybridized section to strong light 6a. Incorrect Pepsin treatment 6b. Incorrect pre-treatment conditions may result in unclear or cloudy appearance 6c. Too long Pepsin treatment or very thin section thickness may cause ghost cells or donut cells to appear. 7. Use of expired or unrecommended glass slides 4a. Ensure that the probe volume is large enough to cover the area under the coverslip 4b. Avoid air bubbles. If observed, gently tap them away using forceps 5a Ensure that only formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissue sections are used 5b. Follow the deparaffinization and rehydration procedures outlined in Package Insert 5c. Ensure that the stringent wash temperature is 63 (±2) C 5d. Avoid long microscopic examination and minimize exposure to strong light 6a. Adhere to recommended Pepsin incubation times. Ensure that the Pepsin is handled at the correct temperature. 6b. Ensure that the recommended pre-treatment temperature and time are used 6c. Shorten the Pepsin incubation time. Ensure that the section thickness is 4-6 µm (Breast) or 3-6 µm (Gastric). 7. Ensure that the coated glass slide (Dako Silanized Slides, Code S3003, or poly-l-lysine-coated slides) have not passed expiry date. NOTE: If the problem cannot be attributed to any of the above causes, or if the suggested corrective action fails to resolve the problem, please call our Technical Services for further assistance. 12 IQFISH pharmdx - Troubleshooting
2012 Dako PLEASE PHOTOCOPY FOR YOUR USE Scoring Sheet HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Kit, Code K5731 - Breast Indication HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Kit K5731 Lot: Date of Run: Count signals in 20 tumor nuclei Nucleus No. HER2 Score (Red) CEN-17 Score (Green) Nucleus No. 1 11 2 12 3 13 4 14 5 15 6 16 7 17 8 18 9 19 10 20 Total (1-10) Total (11-20) HER2 Score (Red) CEN-17 Score (Green) For determination of the HER2/CEN-17 ratio, count the number of HER2 signals and the number of CEN-17 signals in the same 20 nuclei and divide the total number of HER2 signals by the total number of CEN-17 signals. If the HER2/CEN-17 ratio is borderline (1.8 2.2), count an additional 20 nuclei and recalculate the ratio. Results at or near the cut-off (1.8 2.2) should be interpreted with caution. HER2 IQFISH HER2 CEN-17 HER2/CEN-17 ratio TOTAL SCORE (1-20) q Ratio < 2: HER2 gene amplification was not observed q Ratio 2: HER2 gene amplification was observed Staining Run Log ID: Specimen ID: Technician signature, Date Pathologist signature, Date HER2 IQFISH pharmdx - Breast Indication 13
Scoring Sheet HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Kit, Code K5731 - Gastric Indication HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Kit K5731 Lot: Staining Run Log ID: Date of Run: Characterization of signal distribution in tissue: Homogeneous: q Heterogeneous Focal: q or Heterogeneous Mosaic: q Count signals in 20 tumor nuclei Nucleus No. HER2 Score (Red) 14 HER2 IQFISH pharmdx - Gastric Indication CEN-17 Score (Green) Nucleus No. 1 11 2 12 3 13 4 14 5 15 6 16 7 17 8 18 9 19 10 20 Total (1-10) Total (11-20) HER2 Score (Red) CEN-17 Score (Green) For determination of the HER2/CEN-17 ratio, count the number of HER2 signals and the number of CEN-17 signals in the same 20 nuclei and divide the total number of HER2 signals by the total number of CEN-17 signals. If the HER2/CEN-17 ratio is borderline (1.8 2.2), count an additional 40 nuclei and recalculate the ratio. HER2 IQFISH HER2 CEN-17 HER2/CEN-17 ratio TOTAL SCORE (1-20) q Ratio < 2: HER2 gene amplification was not observed q Ratio 2: HER2 gene amplification was observed Specimen ID: Technician signature, Date Pathologist signature, Date 2012 Dako PLEASE PHOTOCOPY FOR YOUR USE
2012 Dako PLEASE PHOTOCOPY FOR YOUR USE Scoring Sheet TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx, Code K5733 TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx, K5733 Lot: Staining Run Log ID: Date of Run: Nucleus No. TOP2A (Red) CEN-17 (Green) Nucleus No. TOP2A (Red) CEN-17 (Green) Nucleus No. 1 21 41 2 22 42 3 23 43 4 24 44 5 25 45 6 26 46 7 27 47 8 28 48 9 29 49 10 30 50 11 31 51 12 32 5 2 13 33 53 14 34 54 15 35 55 16 36 56 17 37 57 18 38 58 19 39 59 20 40 60 Total (1-20) Total (21-40) Total (41-60) Specimen ID: TOP2A (Red) CEN-17 (Green) For determination of the TOP2A/CEN-17 ratio, count the number of TOP2A signals and the number of CEN-17 signals in either 60 nuclei or the number of nuclei required for 60 TOP2A signals (see Interpretation of Staining section) in Package Insert. Divide the total number of TOP2A signals by the total number of CEN-17 signals. If the TOP2A/CEN-17 ratio is borderline (0.7-0.9 or 1.8-2.2), recount the specimen and recalculate the ratio based on all counted cells. Number of counted cells TOP2A signals CEN-17 signals TOP2A/CEN-17 ratio q TOP2A gene deletion (Ratio < 0.8) q Normal TOP2A gene status (0.8 Ratio < 2) q TOP2A gene amplification (Ratio 2) Technician signature, Date Pathologist signature, Date TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx 15
HER2 IQFISH pharmdx Complete Kit Includes HER2/CEN-17 IQFISH Probe Mix Pre-Treatment Solution (20x concentrated) Pepsin, Ready-to-Use Pepsin Diluent (10x concentrated) Stringent Wash Buffer (20x concentrated) Fluorescence Mounting Medium, containing DAPI Wash Buffer (20x concentrated) Coverslip Sealant HER2-Related Products Size Code HER2 IQFISH pharmdx TM 20 tests K5731 Histology FISH Accessory Kit 20 tests K5799 HercepTest TM (for manual use) 35 tests K5204 HercepTest TM for the Dako Autostainer 35 tests K5207 HercepTest TM for Automated Link Platforms 35 tests SK001 Dako Hybridizer 110V S2450 Dako Hybridizer 220V S2451 TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx Complete Kit Includes TOP2A/CEN-17 IQFISH Probe Mix Pre-Treatment Solution (20x concentrated) Pepsin, Ready-to-Use Pepsin Diluent (10x concentrated) Stringent Wash Buffer (20x concentrated) Fluorescence Mounting Medium, containing DAPI Wash Buffer (20x concentrated) Coverslip Sealant TOP2A-Related Products Size Code TOP2A IQFISH pharmdx TM 20 tests K5733 Histology FISH Accessory Kit 20 tests K5799 Dako Hybridizer 110V S2450 Dako Hybridizer 220V S2451 Corporate Headquarters Denmark +45 44 85 95 00 www.dako.com Represented in more than 80 countries Australia +61 3 9357 0892 Austria +43 1 408 43 34 0 Belgium +32 (0) 16 38 72 20 Brazil +55 11 50708300 Canada +1 905 335 3256 China +86 21 6327 1122 Denmark +45 44 85 97 56 Finland +358 9 348 73 950 France +33 1 30 50 00 50 Germany +49 40 69 69 470 Ireland +353 1 479 0568 Italy +39 02 58 078 1 Japan +81 3 5802 7211 The Netherlands +31 20 42 11 100 Norway +47 23 14 05 40 Poland +48 58 661 1879 Spain +34 93 499 05 06 Sweden +46 8 556 20 600 Switzerland +41 41 760 11 66 United Kingdom +44 (0)1 353 66 99 11 United States of America +1 805 566 6655 29039 01DEC11