Training of Peer Educator Ujenzi The training -3 days theory in the conference hall 30 participants From different section Ujenzi Mkoa Representative of the rest U will be key person in fighting Vs HIV/AIDS 3 facilitators From Dodoma Regional Hospital
Goal of the Training Is to equip you with knowledge, skills, and attitudes to towards HIV and AIDS care at the area of working and at the community at large Recognize the importance of lifelong care for people living with HIV and AIDS Encourage disclosure of serostatus and early enrollment to CTC
Identification Your name What you do? Where you work? Working experience with PLHA What is your role in fighting Vs HIV/AIDs What do you hope or expect to learn in this workshop
Housekeeping Logistics: teaching materials, stationeries and handout Breaks Lunch Washrooms Per diem and/or travelling costs Timetable
Ground Rules The expectations of both the participants and the trainers on what we should do to help the training go smoothly and meet the course objectives. Posted on the wall Referred to throughout the training Helpful to manage the training Adult learning
Possible ground rules: Arrive on time for the beginning of each session and after each break. Keep each session on time. Switch off mobile phones while in the training room See each others as equals in the training room. Share experience and expertise. Feel free to ask questions at any time. Only one person should speak at a time. No smoking in the training room Agree on use of Swahili
Teaching Metodology Agenda for the course Participant manual Slides Vigeo show Evaluation test
What is HIV? HIV = human immunodeficiency virus HIV is the virus that can ultimately lead to AIDS Viruses are sub-microscopic particles that need other cells in order to reproduce and survive HIV therefore needs to enter other cells in order to replicate
HIV -particle
What is AIDS? AIDS = Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV infection and AIDS are different: HIV is the virus that causes immune deficiency AIDS is the progression of HIV infection that results from the destruction of immune system leading to the occurrence of diseases Everyone with HIV does not have AIDS Everyone with AIDS does have HIV infection HIV is the infection, AIDS is the disease.
Adults and Children Estimated to be Living with HIV 2007 There were over 6800 new HIV infections a day in 2007 More than 96% of new infections are in low and middle income countries About 1200 new infections are in children under 15 years of age
Adults and Children Estimated to be Living with HIV About 5800 of new infections are in adults aged 15 years and older of whom: Almost 50% are among women About 40% are among young people (15-24) HIV and AIDS is the fourth biggest killer in the world Most people are unaware they are infected Young women are the most vulnerable
Estimated Adult and Child Deaths from AIDS Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be the region most affected by the AIDS pandemic AIDS remaining the leading cause of death The estimated number of deaths due to AIDS was 2.1 million [1.9 2.4 million] worldwide With more than 76%AIDS deaths in 2007 occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa
Estimated deaths in AIDS.. By 2010, an estimated 106 million children under age 15 are projected to lose one or both parents, with 25 million of this group orphaned due to HIV and AIDS Mambo si Shwari
HIV and AIDS in Tanzania AIDS was first identified in 1983 All 20 regions of the mainland had reported a case by the end of 1986 By 2005: 205, 773 AIDS cases had been reported since 1983 1,770,383 PLHIV National prevalence rate among adults is 5.7% age 15-49 (2007-08)
Modes of HIV Transmission Unprotected sexual contact with infected partner/s (predominant mode) Male-to-female, female-to-male, and male-to-male Contact with HIV-infected blood-products Blood transfusion, intravenous drug use (IDU) through needle sharing, needle-stick accidents, unsterilized needles Mother-to-child transmission In utero, during delivery, through breastfeeding
Factors Decreasing Risk of HIV Transmission ABC s of Risk Reduction: Abstinence Be faithful to 1 partner who has tested negative to HIV Correct and consistent use of condoms these behavioural factors represent efforts to prevent HIV transmission Because HIV and AIDS has no cure, prevention is extremely important to ALL
Factors Decreasing Risk of HIV Transmission HIV and AIDS is a disease that impacts individuals, communities, and society as a whole Any efforts to understand and prevent HIV must consider the individual as well as the community and society in which they live Each level has a different set of factors to consider
Factors Affecting Vulnerability to HIV Infection Unsafe Behaviour Societal Community Power Issues Individual Health-Service Issues
Individual factors This level contains; a person s knowledge attitudes, beliefs age, gender, health status, education level and economic status
Individual s community Contains the social influences of friends; peers; Social norms ( how things should be done ); cultural/religious beliefs; traditions; taboos; and fashion It can also include a person s living and working conditions, including his or her physical environment and access to services, education, and information
Society Sorounding that community and individual, containing culture, religion, social action, economy, government policy, political stability, and infrastructure there are three sources of vulnerability that can affect any of these levels: unsafe behaviour (e.g., unprotected sexual intercourse with an HIV positive person),
Power issues (e.g., one partner in a relationship dominating decisions about sexual activities, inability for one partner to negotiate the use of a condom during sex) Health-service issues (e.g., inadequate HIV testing and counseling services Mfano A young man may want to use a condom (individual)
Society but he may be influenced by his peers to have unprotected sex (community) and his church may disapprove of condom use altogether (community) The Ministry of Health provides affordable condoms but not at the district clinic near his village (societal) this example shows the areas of vulnerability and the need for interventions at multiple levels
HIV and AIDS Risk Factors: Individual Unprotected sexual intercourse*********** Number of sexual partners Presence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Alcohol or drug use Age
HIV and AIDS Risk Factors: Individual.. Circumcision status (males) Viral load of HIV-positive partner Receptive partner HIV-negative member of HIV-discordant couple Lack of knowledge of HIV status (serostatus)
Community and Society Lack of knowledge and social acceptance about: HIV and AIDS Condoms and other HIV prevention methods. Poverty Migration for employment Loss of social support and cohesion. Poor access to: STI treatment Counselling and testing services Care for PLHIV.
Biological/Viral Factors Increasing Risk of HIV Transmission Viral properties (strain of HIV) HIV-1 and HIV-2. Globally, HIV-1 is much more common than HIV-2 Infectiousness of host (amount of the HIV virus in blood) Susceptibility of recipient (presence of a sexually transmitted infection, health of recipient)
Social Factors Facilitating HIV Transmission Socio-economic factors Poverty Children leave home to work at earlier age Loss of social cohesion at the family/community level Migration caused by need for employment HIV and AIDS follows routes of commerce Sex work Stigma and Denial Denial and silence are still common Stigma prevents: Acceptance of the problem Early seeking of care
Social Factors Facilitating HIV Transmission Cultural factors Traditions, beliefs, and practices Non-circumcision of males Wife inheritance Shared circumcision tools Culture can create barriers that prevent people, and especially women, from taking precautions Gender inequalities In some cultures men are expected to have many sexual relationships. Women suffer gender inequalities, often economic in nature.