4 Principle Tissue Types Epithelial tissue Covering and lining Glandular Connective tissue Highly variable Most abundant tissue type Muscular tissue 3 major types Produce force through contraction Nervous tissue Generate electrical signals Coordinate body activities (communication) Cell Junctions Tight Junctions Fluid tight seals Anchoring junctions plaque proteins Adherins Desmosomes Hemidesmosomes Gap junctions Connexins protein Connexons tunnel Cellular communication Epithelial Tissue: General Features Closely packed cells Continuous sheets Apical and basal surfaces Many cell junctions Avascular Basement membrane Good nerve supply Regenerates easily Epithelial Tissue: Naming Functions of Epithelium Related to Tissue Type 1
Types of Epithelia 03_table_01a Simple epithelium Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium* Pseudostratified columnar epithelium* Stratified epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium** Stratified cuboidal epithelium** Stratified columnar epithelium** Transitional epithelium *Both ciliated and non-ciliated forms exist **Name is based on the shape of the cells in the apical layer 03_table_01b Goblet Cells 2
03_table_01e 03_table_01f 03_table_01h 03_table_01i Membranes Cutaneous - Skin Mucous - Lines a body cavity that opens directly to the exterior Serous - Lines a body cavity that does NOT open directly to the exterior 3
Connective Tissues: General Features Basic elements: cells and matrix Matrix = fibers and ground substance Matrix usually secreted by cells Except blood Not occurring on free surfaces Except joint cavities Good nerve supply Except cartilage Good blood supply Except cartilage Cells of Connective Tissue Blasts immature cells (mitotic) eg. osteoblast Cytes mature (lose mitotic ability) eg. osteocyte or adipocyte Fibroblasts secrete matrix components Macrophages develop from monocytes Phagocytosis Plasma cells make antibodies Mast cells inflammatory response Produce histamine Connective Tissue Matrix Cells and Matrix of CT Ground substance - fluid, gel or hard Hyaluronic acid Chondroitin sulfate Mineral salts Fibers provide strength & support Collagen 5 types Most abundant protein in the body Elastic elastin Allows for stretching e.g. skin, blood vessels and lungs Reticular collagen with glycoprotein cover Framework of organs (stroma) Connective Tissue: Classifications Loose CT Areolar CT Adipose (Fat) Reticular CT Dense CT Dense irregular CT Dense regular CT Elastic CT Cartilage Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic Cartilage Bone Blood 4
03_table_04b 5
03_table_04h 03_table_04j 03_table_04k Muscle Tissue Contracts and produces force 3 types Skeletal muscle Striated Voluntary Cardiac muscle Striated Involuntary Smooth muscle Not striated involuntary 6
03_table_05a Nervous Tissue Sensitive to stimuli Generate electrical signals Sends messages to tissues/organs 2 cell types Neurons Neuroglia (glial cells) Support neurons Learning Objectives List the 4 principle tissue types Describe the different types of cell junctions Know the general characteristics of epithelial tissue Describe how epithelial tissues are classified Describe the different specific types of epithelial tissues and know a location and a function for each 7
Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Describe the general features of connective tissue Describe the different cell types found in connective tissue Name the components of tissue matrix and list examples of each Describe the classification of connective tissue Describe the different specific types of connective tissues and know a location and a function for each Name and describe the 3 types of muscle tissue Describe the general feature of muscle tissue Name the cell types found in nervous tissue Describe the general features of nervous tissue 8