Blood Borne Pathogens November 2010
Objectives Meet requirements of OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 OSHA Blood Borne Pathogens Post Test Routes of Transmission Types of Pathogens BSI / PPE Common Diseases If / When an exposure occurs
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1030 Blood Borne Pathogens Standard The 1991 OSHA regulations include a section specific to bloodborne pathogens, section 29 CFR 1910.1030. This standard provides requirements for employers to follow in order to ensure overall employee safety with regard to occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. OSHA Standard also states we have to have a blood borne pathogens class annually
Routes of Disease Transmission Direct Contact This is body to body transmission from one source to a new host via touching Indirect Contact This is transmission of a pathogen to a new host by touching an object that was contaminated Airborne Transmission occurs when inhaling contaminated droplets that are in the air Vector Borne Pathogens that are transported from a source to the host by another medium through insect bites or animal bites
Biohazard Symbols Red Bags Sharps
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Body Substance Isolation (BSI) Protect Yourself! Every patient should ALWAYS be treated as infectious The best, easiest and most effective means for controlling the spread of disease is a frequent regimen of hand washing Hand-sanitizer should be used until soap and running water are available
Common Diseases Chicken Pox Airborne; Lesion Contact 11-21 Days Mask; Gloves; Hand washing Fever (usually lasts 2-4 days) Headache Rash starts to appear Usually starts on trunk, face and scalp Rash consists of small, flat, red itchy spots
Common Diseases - Hepatitis B (HBV) Blood; Saliva Contact; Sexual Contact Gloves; Hand washing 45-160 Days Pain in joints Weakness and fatigue Jaundice Dark colored urine Clay colored stool Fever Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Abdominal Pain Enlargement of liver
Common Diseases - Hepatitis C (HCV) Blood-borne 4-26 Weeks Gloves; Hand Washing Fatigue Joint pain Belly pain Itchy skin Sore muscles Dark urine Jaundice
Common Diseases - HIV Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Contact with blood; certain bodily fluids, CSF, Sexual Contact Period 2 weeks to 3 months Can be up to 6 months Early Primary Infection Similar to flu-like symptoms last longer than typical viral infection Gloves; Hand washing Progresses to AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Common Diseases - Measles Airborne; Contact with respiratory secretions 10-12 Days Rash Mask; Gloves; Hand washing High fever Cough Runny nose Red, watery eyes Flu-like symptoms
Common Diseases - Meningitis Airborne; Contact with Respiratory Secretions Mask; Gloves; Hand washing Bacterial Viral Can be fatal, especially in children Rarely Fatal Bacterial: 2-10 days Viral: 3-7 days High fever Headache Stiff neck (in patients over the age of 2) Nausea and Vomiting Discomfort looking into bright lights Confusion Sleepiness
Common Diseases - Mumps Airborne; contact with saliva Mask; Gloves; Hand washing 14-24 Days Fever Headache Muscle Aches Tiredness Loss of appetite Swelling of salivary glands
Common Diseases - MRSA Physical Contact Gloves N95 masks are also recommended by the CDC MRSA Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureaus Varies, but typically 1-2 days Redness and inflammation surrounding wounds Fever Lethargy Headache
Common Diseases Tuberculosis Airborne; Contact with respiratory secretions HEPA N-95 Respiratory Mask 2-12 Weeks Bad cough Can produce blood and sputum Night sweats Pain in chest Weakness Weight loss Loss of appetite Chills Fever
Common Diseases - Scabies Direct Skin contact Contact with contaminated clothing / linen Contact with Scabies mites / eggs BSI all linens and contaminated clothing should be bagged An infected person will continue to spread scabies until all mites and eggs are destroyed A mite can burrow in 2-3 minutes Itching Large areas of skin reddened Inflamed skin
Common Diseases - Influenza Airborne Droplets Fever N95 Mask 1-4 Days Headache Non-productive cough Sore throat Nausea Vomiting
When an Exposure Occurs Contact Exposure Control Officer Chief Paramedic Marty Nelson Stay with ambulance transporting patient Inform Charge RN at receiving hospital Based on severity of exposure, appropriate procedure will be followed This may include blood being drawn on both EMT and patient Exposure Paperwork and Incident report needs to be filled out
References Center for Disease Control (CDC) OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 EMT-Basic National Standard Curriculum (1-2.9-10) Brady Emergency Care 9 th Edition Bugs without Borders Loyola Hospital, Region 8 CE (January 2006)