Introduction Lnce Bumgrd Associte Professor Ntive of southwest Minnesot BS: U of Minnesot MS: U of Minnesot Advisor: Brin Crooker Thesis: Effects of genetic selection for milk yield on somtotropin prmeters in Holstein clves PhD: Cornell University Advisor: Dle Bumn Disserttion: Effects of conjugted linoleic cid on lipid metolism in lctting diry cows Introduction con t 001-007 Assistnt Professor 80% Reserch nd 0% Teching pt. University of Arizon (Tucson) Deprtment of Animl Sciences Deprtment of Nutritionl Sciences Memer of the University Interdisciplinry Physiology Progrm 007-009: Associte Professor Reserch Emphsis t AZ Nutritionl Physiology Feed supplement evlution Regultion of milk ft synthesis Bioenergetics of the trnsition period Altering eef ody composition nd ftty cid profiles Rodent lipid metolism Environmentl Physiology Bioenergetics nd metolism of het stress Diry Mngement Milking frequency Cooling systems Dry period length Reserch Funding: >$1.3 million Reserch Emphsis t ISU Nutritionl nd Environmentl Physiology Diry, pigs, eef nd chickens Feed Supplement Evlution Mximize i feed efficiency i Mngement Reserch funding while t ISU: >$500,000 Teching nd Advising Courses Developed/tught Metolism nd Nutr. Phys Phys. of Lcttion Undergrdute Animl Nutrition Adv. Ruminnt Nutr. Bioenergetics Advised Grdute Students 4 PhD 1 MS 1
Reserch Experience Milk Ft Synthesis & Regulting Energy Blnce in Erly Lcttion Effects of CLA Isomers on Milk Ft % ercentge Milk Ft, pe 3.5 3 5.5 1.5 Infusion - -1 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dy 10,1 CLA 9,11 CLA Control Bumgrd et l., 000 Am. J. Phys. nmoles/100 mg Effect of trns-10, cis-1 CLA on Metolic Flux Rtes nd Lipogenic Gene Expression 1600 1100 600 100 Lipogenesis Bumgrd et l., 00 CLA Con CO mrna expression 100 80 60 40 0 0 ACC FAS SCD CLA Con Is there nything prcticl tht cn e used with this informtion? Diet induced milk ft depression Costly issue in the industry Milk ft quot systems In some interntionl situtions Altering milk composition for economic resons Protein will continue to increse in vlue Regulting energy lnce Erly lcttion Times of nutrient limittions Poor psture vilility Het stress Trnsition Period EBAL = Feed Intke (Mintennce (BW 0.75 ) + Milk Production (yield nd composition)) Especilly ft! Clving Lte Lcttion Dry Period Erly Lcttion Gesttion Uterine Involution Lctogenesis In TMR system, there re four dietry chnges during this time OUTPUT INPUT ENERGY BALANCE
Trnsition Period Disorders: Medited Lrgely y Negtive Energy Blnce (NEBAL) 6 Dose Response Tril: RI CLA Dystoci Milk fever Retined plcent Metritis Ketosis Displced omsum Ftty liver Lmeness Deth Reproductive prolems Only ~50% of cows complete the trnsition period without experiencing one of these prolems Drckley, 1999, % Milk Ft 5 4 3 1 0 CLA 0 g/d CLA 00 g/d CLA 400 g/d CLA 600 g/d 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 1 DIM Moore et l., 004 Mcl/d 4 0 - -4-6 -8 Energy Blnce Week of Lcttion 1 3 4 5 6 Control (n=9) CLA (n=) Yield (kg/d) Milk 50 45 40 35 30 5 0 Milk Yield ** 1 3 4 5 6 Week of Lcttion ** ** Control (n=9) CLA (n=) -10 Reserch Experience Physiology, Metolism nd Bioenergetics of Het Stress Temperture Humidity Index (THI) Esy wy to mesure nd evlute het stress 3
Ruminnts & Het Stress Decrese Annul loss in production to Americn (milk nd Diry growth) Industry is: $897 million to $1.5 illion Reduced ody condition Annul Loss to Americn Beef Industry is > $350 Million Acute nd chronic helth prolems St-Pierre et l., 003 J. Diry Sci. E5-E77 rumen cidosis & lminitis June 006 Cliforni Het Wve: $1 Billion Decresed reproductive CDFA, indices 006 Aortions >,000 cttle died in Nersk Possily the most costly June 009 Animl deth issue ffecting glol niml griculture Iow nd Het Stress Averge July Iow dy Minimum Temp = 17.1 C (6.8 F) Mximum Temp = 30.0 C (86.0 F) Minimum reltive humidity = 6.5 Mximum reltive humidity = 85.55 Minimum THI = 6.3 Mximum THI = 80. Estimted Iow Diry Impct (St-Pierre et l., 003) 487 kg of milk/cow/yer (~5% of totl) 17.6 dys open Florid Ai Arizon South Afric Iow nd Het Stress Estimted Iow Impct (St-Pierre et l., 003) Assumes optimum het tement Diry $3.9 million Beef nd Swine $45.5 million Poultry $4.3 million Minnesot Totl Iow impct $73.7 million Het Stress Questions?? Does the decrese in feed intke explin the reduced milk yield nd growth rte during het stressed? If we hve etter understnding of the iologicl resons WHY het stress reduces production, we ll hve etter ide of how to llevite it. Diry Study Het stressed cows to mimic n AZ July dy: cyclic temps = 9.4 to 38.5ºC or 80 to 104ºF Pir-fed therml-neutrl group to keep nutrient intke similr 9 dys Het stress vriles Body temps verged 104.9ºF 4
Diry Effects of Het Stress on Feed Intke kg/d) DMI (k 0 18 16 14 1 10 Het Stress Underfed 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dy Rhods et l., 007 Milk Yield (kg/d) Effects of Het Stress on Milk Yield Het Stressed 50 Underfed 45 40 35 Het stress yield ~45% 30 Underfeeding yield y ~19% 5 Thus, feed intke only ccounts for 50% of the reductions in milk yield 0 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dy Rhods et l., 007 Lctting Diry Cow Metolic Adpttion to Het Stress Summry L.H. Bumgrd Metolic Flexiility: Decresed Insulin Sensitivity L.H. Bumgrd L.H. Bumgrd 5
Gols Develop prcticl reserch progrm Need input from industry Strengthen reltionship etween ISU (nd myself) with feed industry Metolic Inflexiility Remins Insulin Sensitive Be trusted resource nd dvocte for industry L.H. Bumgrd Contct Info Questions? 313 Kildee Hll Ames IA 50011 umgrd@istte.edu 515-94-3615 6