World Journl of Fish nd Mrine Sciences 5 (): 0-08, 203 ISSN 2078-4589 IDOSI Pulictions, 203 DOI: 0.5829/idosi.wjfms.203.05.0.6582 Effect of Proiotics (Lctocillus nd Bifidocterium) on Growth Performnce nd Hemtologicl Profile of Clris griepinus Juveniles 2 S.O. Ayool, E.K. Ajni nd O.F. Fshe Deprtment of Mrine Sciences, University of Lgos, Lgos Stte, Nigeri 2 Deprtment of Aquculture nd Fisheries Mngement, University of Idn, Nigeri Astrct: This study ws crried out to evlute the use of proiotic ( mixture of Lctocillus nd ifidocterium species) on growth performnce nd hemtologicl prmeters of Clris griepinus juveniles. Fifteen tnks were used nd 0 Clris griepinus juveniles (men weight (4.9±0.83 g) per tnk, ech in triplicte. Five tretment tnks were fed diet contining 40% crude protein supplemented with vrying 9 inclusion of proiotic comprising out 0 colony-forming units per grm of diet (the proiotic diet). Diet T0 contin 0g proiotic (control diet) while the other groups contin 0.5 g,.0 g,.5 g nd 2.0 g proiotic diet. Results showed tht Fish fed with diet T (0.5 g proiotic) hd the est growth performnce. Weight gin y Fish fed control diet nd diet contining 0.5g of proiotic were not significntly different (P>0.05). The finl ody weight, percentge, weight gin nd specific growth rte ws positively ffected t lowest inclusion of proiotic. Feed conversion rtio of ll the tretments were not significntly different (P>0.05). Results showed tht there were n increse in the lood prmeters of Clris griepinus fed proiotic diet tretment compre to the control diet ut were not significntly different (P>0.05) t the 30 dy. There ws significnt difference (P<0.05) mong the treted groups t dy 60. The 90 dy of study showed tht vlues of ll hemtologicl prmeter of fish fed different concentrtions of proiotic diet did not differ from the vlues of fish fed the control diet ut there ws n increse in pltelet vlue of fish fed control diet which rnges from Pcked Cell 6 Volume (6.4-26.8%), Hemogloin content (4.06-9.23gd L ), Red lood cells (0.88-2.95 0 µ L )), White lood 3 cells (7.0-23.µ L ) nd pltelets (77.83-322 0 µ L ). There were no significnt differences (P>0.05) in the Men Corpusculr Volume, Men Corpusculr Hemogloin nd Men Corpusculr Hemogloin Concentrtion, of fish fed different concentrtions of proiotic. All lood prmeters otined were etween the rnge of recommended fish lood. It is concluded tht using proiotic (especilly t 0.5 g) s supplementry feed on Clris griepinus showed slight increse in the hemtologicl prmeters compred with the control diet ut it hs no negtive impct on the helth sttus of the studied species. However, proiotic (Lctocillus nd ifidocterium) cn e used s proiotic gent in quculture, to enhnce fish helth, survivl nd growth performnce. Key words: Bio-Indictor Proiotics Growth Performnce Hemtology Clris griepinus INTRODUCTION rnging from 30-50% []. Beside the prolem of high cost of fish feeds nd qulity seed, disese outrek is mjor Aquculture prctices involved using high-qulity chllenge in fish frming in Nigeri. Antiiotics hd een feeds with high crude protein content which should frequently used to enhnce growth nd/or resistnce to contin not only necessry nutrients ut lso disese in quculture systems. The trditionl use of complementry dditives to keep orgnisms helthy nd ntiiotic s growth promoters in quculture hs een result in good growth performnce. Aquculture industry chllenged ecuse of the potentil development of is fced with the chllenges of indequte supply nd ntiiotic-resistnt cteri, the presence of ntiiotic high cost of qulity fish feeds. Commercil fish feed residues in food production, the destruction of microil usully contining fish mel s the mjor protein source, popultions in the quculturl environment nd Corresponding Author: S.O. Ayool, Deprtment of Mrine Sciences, University of Lgos, Lgos Stte, Nigeri. Tel: +234(80)3465002.
World J. Fish & Mrine Sci., 5 (): 0-08, 203 the suppression of the qutic niml s immune system In recent yers, incresing reserches demonstrted [2]. This criticized the use of these sustnces to the potentil enefits of proiotic in quculture ponds stimulte growth nd tret cteril diseses in most tht include improvement of wter qulity, enhncement niml industries. Efforts re still eing mde to develop of nutrient of host species through the production of lterntive or supplementry methods to improve fish supplementl digestive enzymes, lower incidence of helth. Vrious studies showed tht frmed fish disese nd greter survivl, improving growth nd performnce might e elevted y using feed dditive immune response. such s romtic plnt extrcts including spices, digestive The eneficil effect of the ppliction of certin enzymes nd proiotic. Spice nd nturl hers such s eneficil cteri in humn, pig, cttle nd poultry mrjorm, sil, licorice root, lck seed nd peppermint nutrient hs een documented. However, the use of such hve een shown to e eneficil y El-Dkr et l. [3]. proiotic in quculture is reltively new concept. Functionl dditive, like proiotics, is new concept on However lot of reserches hve not een done on quculture [4] where the dditions of microorgnisms on the use of proiotic s feed supplement. This study is to diets show positive effect on growth cused y the est determine the effect of Lctocillus nd use of crohydrtes, protein nd energy [4]. Bifidocterium species mixture on growth survivl nd Proiotics were originlly incorporte into feed to nutrient utiliztion of Clris griepinus juveniles nd increse the niml s growth nd improve its helth y lso to determine hrmless dose of proiotic incresing its resistnce to disese [5]. The uses of concentrtion for Clris griepinus juveniles. proiotic hve een studied most extensively in pigs [6]. This reserch study will lso investigte the effect of Proiotic, which re micro-orgnisms or their products proiotic on the hemtologicl profile of Clris with helth enefit to the host, re used in quculture s griepinus juveniles. dietry supplements nd s mens of disese control. Studies hve een focused on growth promotion of fish MATERIALS AND METHODS y proiotic supplements [7] s well s physiologicl nd immune responses of fish y proiotic supplements [7]. Experiment Design: The experiment ws conducted for 90 The Food nd Agriculturl Orgniztion (FAO) hve dys t the Eco toxicology lortory, Deprtment of stted tht there is potentil for proiotic foods to provide Mrine Sciences, University of Lgos. A totl numer of helth enefits nd tht specific strin is sfe for humn 50 ctfish juveniles (Clris griepinus) were otined use [8]. from Sin fishery enterprise nd trnsported in n open Clris griepinus re chrcterized y the ility 50 litres plstic continer to the lortory. The otined to grow on wide rnge of rtificil nd nturl foods, fish ws pprently helthy nd free from ny infection ttinment of lrge size within short time, high yield nd were plced in rectngulr plstic tnks with 50.5 x potentils, hrdness nd tolernce to low dissolved 32.5 x 22.5 cm. After two weeks of cclimtiztion period, oxygen nd other qutic conditions [9]. fish with n verge ody weight of 4.9±0.83g were In Nigeri, ctfish is widely cultured [0] ecuse of divided into five groups. Ech tnk ws wshed nd its high growth rte, ility to withstnd stress, disese disinfected efore the introduction of fish. Ten fishes nd ility to spwn esily. Clris griepinus is one of were rndomly distriuted in ech tnk with triplicte. the most suitle quculture species in Nigeri nd Ech plstic tnk ws filled with dechlorinted tp wter. pprecited in wide numer of Afric consumers. Clening nd replcement of wter in the quri ws The use of ntiiotics in quculture hs een nned in done every dy. Fish were fed two times dily to stition. some country due to rejection of export consignment of Five experimentl diets were prepred to evlute the mrine product. Feed dditive requires in Nigeri effect of 0g, 0.5g,.0g,.5g nd 2.0g proiotic on growth quculture should provide mechnism tht would performnce nd hemtologicl prmeters of ctfish enefits not only the nutrition growth rte of fish ut lso juveniles. All the groups were fed with their respective its helth nd welfre in modern dy fish frming. diet twice dily for 90 dys. At the end of every week, the Functionl dditive like proiotic is new concept in weights of ech experimentl fish were determined using quculture [4] where the dditives of microorgnisms on weighing scle (OHAUS MODEL Cs 5000, CAPACITY diets show positive effect on growth cused y 5000 2g). This ws done y plcing continer on the crohydrte, protein nd energy []. scle nd the lnce djusted to zero, fter which 2
World J. Fish & Mrine Sci., 5 (): 0-08, 203 Tle : Gross compositions of experimentl diet (00/g) feed Ingredients Control (T 0) T T2 T3 T4 Fish mel (65%) 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 Soy en mel (45%) 23.8 23.8 23.8 23.8 23.8 Groundnut cke (48%) 24 24 24 24 24 Indomine 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 Mize 3 3 3 3 3 Vitmin premix.0.0.0.0.0 Minerl premix.5.5.5.5.5 Proiotic - 0.5.0.5 2.0 T0 - control T I-Tretment T - 2 Tretment 2 T - 3Tretment 3 T - 4 Tretment 4 the fishes in ech tnk were collected y the use of net into the continer nd mesurements were tken. The wter prmeters which includes ph, temperture nd dissolved oxygen were lso mesured nd recorded. Experimentl Diet: Commercil feed ws otined nd commercilly ville proiotic ws purchsed from Forever Living Product Compny t Ikej, Lgos. The tretment tnk (T 0) considered s control which ws fed without proiotic, while groups T, T 2, T 3 T 4 ws included with proiotic nd dded t 0.5 g,.0 g,.5 g, 2.0 g levels respectively. The dry ingredients (consisting of fish mel, soy en mel, groundnut cke, indomine, mize, vitmins nd minerls premix) of the experimentl diets ws thoroughly mixed nd mde in pellet form y ddition of oiled wter (Tle ). The pste ws then extruded through commercil pelletizing mchine. The resulting spghetti like diet (2.0 mm dimeter) ws ir dried nd store in plstic. Growth Prmeters Weight Gin: Weight gin ws determined etween the finl weight nd initil weight of experimentl fish. Weight gin = Finl weight - Initil weight Specific Growth Rte: It is the percentge rte of chnge in the logrithmic ody weight nd ws computed. Log SGR = e finl weight Log Time (dys) e initil weight Percentge Weight Gin: The% weight gin ws determined s the difference etween the finl weight nd initil weight of experiment fish Finl weight Initil weight % weight gin = 00 Initil weight Feed Conversion Rtio: This ws clculted using the formul Feed fed FCR = Fish weight gin Protein Efficiency Rtio: It is clculted from the reltionship etween the increment in the weight of fish (i.e weight gin of fish) nd protein consumed. Protein Intke: Men weight gin (g) PER = Protein intke PI = Feed intke % of protein in diet Percentge Weight Gin: Men weight gin (g) 00 PWG = Men initil weight Proximte Anlysis: The proximte composition for experimentl diets nd fish crcss were mesured ccording to AOAC [2] method. Hemtology Determintion: Blood smples were collected thrice from the experimentl fishes t the 30,60 nd 90 dy of the experiment. The lood smples were collected from the cudl peduncle with the id of 2 ml plstic syringe cudl vein using 5ml ethylenediminetetrcette (EDTA) s nticogulnt [3] Blood, 2.0 ml, ws decnted in heprinzed ottles for determintion of lood prmeters. A compct Sysmex KX-2 ws use to run the smples in whole lood mode nd pre-dilute mode. The hemtologicl prmeters nlyzed include White lood cells (WBCs), Red lood cells (RBCs), Hemogloin (HGB), Pcked cell volume (PCV), Men corpusculr volume (MCV), Men corpusculr hemogloin (MCH), Men corpusculr hemogloin concentrtion (MCHC) nd Pltelets count (PLT). Sttisticl Anlysis: Dt were sttisticlly nlyzed using one-wy nlysis (ANOVA) of vrince. Duncn s Multiple comprisons mong mens were mde when significnt F- vlues were oserved (P <0.05), using SPSS 8 sttisticl progrm. RESULTS Proximte Composition of Experimentl Diets: The proximte composition of the experimentl diet is presented in the tle 2. It includes Fish mel, Mize, Soy en mel, Groundnut cke, Indomine, Vitmin nd Minerl premix nd Proiotic mixture. 3
World J. Fish & Mrine Sci., 5 (): 0-08, 203 Tle 2: Proximte composition of experimentl diet Proximte nlysis of feed T0 T T2 T3 T4 Moisture (%) 7.99 7.67 7.50 7.79 7.93 Crude protein (%) 40.5 40.39 40.04 40. 40.32 Lipid (%) 6.48 6.38 6.84 6.6 6.53 Crude fier (%) 6.4 5.0 5.9 5.4 5.6 Ash (%) 6.88 7.44 7.33 7.29 7.8 % N. F. E 34.74 35.2 35.39 35.8 34.74 Tle 3: Growth performnce of Clris griepinus juveniles fed with diets of different levels of Proiotics Prmeters/Tretment T0 T T2 T3 T4 Initil weight (g) 4.3±0.48 4.6±0.56 3.3±0.4 4.9±0.83 4.9±.42 Finl weight (g) 50.4±.68 52.8±5.39 3.0±.54 43.3±6.27 49.7±5.89 Weight gin (g) 36.±.53 38.±4.82 7.7±.40 28.3±5.56 34.8±5.57 Specific growth rte (%).40±0.04.4±0.07 0.92±0.08.6±0.0.32±0.0 Feed conversion rtio 2.46±0.0 2.59±0.36 3.49±0.26 3.07±0.58 2.68±0.37 Protein efficiency rtio.0±0.04.00±0. 0.72±0.05 0.87±0.7 0.97±0.5 Percentge weight gin (%) 252.3±2.7 258.9±23.7 32.5±9.02 87.±28.9 23.8±32. Protein intke 35.5±0.00 37.9±0.00 24.4±0.00 32.2±0.00 35.6±0.00 Survivl (%) 00 00 00 00 00 Pooled stndrd error; Men in the sme row with the sme superscript re not significntly different from ech other Tle 4: Chemicl composition of the whole crcss of Africn ctfish Clris griepinus fter 90 dys of feeding diets supplemented with Proiotic Tretment T0 T T2 T3 T4 Moisture (%) 8.20 8.88 8.43 9.40 9.73 Lipid (%) 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.6.8 Ash (%) 4.34 4.78 4.50 4.56 4.49 Crude protein (%) 64.9 65.6 64.3 6.5 6.7 Growth Performnce of Clris griepinus Juveniles Fed different (P>0.05). The specific growth rte of fish fed with with Diets of Different Levels of Proiotics: No mortlity diet T (0.5 ctive proiotic) hs no significntly different ws detected for Clris griepinus fter 90 dys of from fish fed with Diet T 0, T 3nd T 4ut ws significntly feeding diets with nd without proiotic supplementtion; different (P>0.05) from fish fed diet T 2. There were no this my e due to the fulfillment of dietry requirement, significnt differences (P>0.05) in protein efficiency rtio ll wter qulity prmeters were within the cceptle fed with experimentl diet. The percentge weight gin of rnge for Africn ctfish Clris griepinus. The wter fish fed with Control diet T 0 ws not significntly different temperture ws 27.47±0.55 C, dissolved oxygen (DO) (P>0.05) from fish fed with TT3nd T4ut significntly from 6.60±0.62 mg L nd ph from 7.32±0.36 different (P>0.05) from fish fed with diet T 2. The growth response of Clris griepinus fed with different levels of proiotic is shown in Tle 3. Chemicl Composition of the Whole Crcss of Africn The results showed tht the highest weight gin ws Ctfish Clris griepinus After 90 Dys of Feeding chieved with fish fed Diet Tfollowed y diet T 0 T 3 nd Diets Supplemented with Proiotic: Proximte chemicl T 4 (which re the diet contining 0,.5 nd 2.0 g proiotic nlysis of the whole fish ody t the end of the 90 dy respectively) nd the lowest weight gin ws recorded for experimentl period is summrized in Tle 4. These dt diet T 2(.0 g ctive proiotic). The weight gin of fish fed indicted tht moisture content ws higher in fish crcss with control diet T 0 ws not significntly different (P>0.05) fed with diet T 4 (.5 proiotic) nd lower in crcss of fish from those fed with Diet T, T 3nd T 4(0.5 g,.5g nd 2.0 fed with control diet. Highest crude protein ws recorded g ctive proiotic) ut significntly different (P>0.05) for crcss of fish fed with diet T while the lowest crude from fish fed diet T 2 (.0g proiotic). The highest feed protein ws otined in crcss of fish fed.5 nd 2.0g conversion rtio (FCR) ws recorded for fish fed with proiotic. Highest content of lipid ws otined in crcss diet T 2 nd the lowest ws chieved y fish fed with diet of fish fed diet T 4, while the lowest lipid content ws T ut FCR of ll experimentl feed ws not significntly otined in crcss of fish fed diet T, T, T nd T. 0 0 2 3. 4
World J. Fish & Mrine Sci., 5 (): 0-08, 203 Tle 5: Hemtologicl prmeter of Clris griepinus juveniles fed with diets of different level of Proiotics 30 dys of the experiment Tretments/ Blood Prmeters T T T T T 0 2 3 4 3 WBC (0 µl ) 7.2±2.07 20.6±5.3 202.5±6.44 72.4±35.0 54.0±33.3 6 RBC (0 µl ).27±0.32 2.30±0.0 2.8±0.0.87±0.24.50±0.40 HGB (gdl ) 5.68±.4 9.5±0.44 8.77±0.58 7.82±.62 6.92±.55 PCV (%) 4.8±3.55 26.8±.84 24.7±.43 22.8±3.5 7.3±4.74 MCV (fl) 8.7±3.87 6.3±3.90 2.9±.79 9.7±3.9 5.0±.56 MCHC (gdl ) 35.8±.28 35.8±2.57 36.6±.24 39.5±2.69 38.±2.8 MCH (pg) 47.8±4.6 39.7±0.56 40.0±.57 53.6±0.8 44.2±3.36 3 PLT (0 µl ) 2.3±53.33 95.3±34.28 2.3±8.58 77.83±20.36 75.33±44.48 Pooled stndrd error; Men in the sme row with the sme superscript re not significntly different from ech other Tle 6: Hemtologicl prmeters of Clris griepinus juveniles fed with diets of different level of Proiotics 60 dys of the experiment Tretments/Blood Prmeters T0 T T2 T3 T4 3 c c c WBC (0 µl ) 73.8±.04 20.6±5.3 202.5±6.43 203.9±6.85 79.7±3.67 6 RBC (0 µl ).63±0.9 2.30±0.23 2.8±0.25 2.04±.40.94±0.46 HGB (gdl ) 7.08±0.57 9.5±0.44 8.76±0.58 9.23±0.43 8.65±0.77 PCV (%) 6.4±3.32 26.8±.83 24.7±.43 22.8±3.4 7.3±4.73 MCV (fl) 8.5±2.78 6.3±3.89 2.9±.78 99.7±3.8 5.3±.30 MCHC (gdl ) 38.7±.97 34.3±0.94 32.8±2.66 42.2±7.4 46.9±9.55 MCH (pg) 46.2±3.0 39.7±0.56 40.0±.56 52.0±8.99 43.2±2.22 3 PLT (0 µl ) 4.5±44.0 95.3±34.2 2.3±8.5 77.8±20.3 75.3±44.4 Pooled stndrd error; Men in the sme row with the superscript re not significntly different from ech other. Tle 7: Hemtologicl prmeters of Clris griepinus juveniles fed with diets of different level of Proiotics 90 dys of the experiment Tretments/Blood Prmeters T T T T T 0 2 3 4 3 WBC (0 µl ) 93.±0.3 23.6±20.5 7.8±0.8 77.7±2.2 202.8±5.05 6 RBC (0 µl ) 2.95±0.84 2.08±0.39.63±0.20 0.88±0.23.87±0.22 HGB (gdl ) 9.0±0.59 8.96±2.6 7.20±0.89 4.06±0.94 7.68±0.98 PCV (%) 24.7±.9 23.9±4.43 9.8±2.60 22.2±0.8 23.±3.2 MCV (fl) 0.0±5.89 5.0±.77 20.±.96.0±2.09 7.9±2.0 MCHC (gdl ) 35.8±.28 35.8±2.57 36.6±.24 39.5±2.69 38.±2.8 MCH (pg) 4.5±0.9 4.2±2.7 43.8±.20 46.58±2.8 44.9±2.48 3 PLT (0 µl ) 322.3±80.0 94.0±57.8 34.6±20. 85.±6.09 240.5±93. Pooled stndrd error; Men in the sme row with the sme superscript re not significntly different from ech other. MCV - Men corpusculr volume MCH - Men corpusculr hemogloin MCHC - Men corpusculr hemogloin concentrtion PLT - Pltelets count WBC - White lood cells RBC - Red lood cell count PCV -Pcked cell volume HGB-Hemogloin Hemtologicl Prmeters of Clris griepinus different from fish fed with T 3 nd T 4 (.5 nd 2.0g Juveniles Fed with Diets of Different Level of proiotic). There ws no significntly difference mong Proiotics t 30, 60 nd 90 Dy of the Experiment: (p>0.05) the HGB, MCV, MCHC, MCH nd PLT of fish fed The hemtologicl chrcteristics of Clris griepinus ll experimentl diet ut the PCV of control diet ws fed with different levels of proiotic re shown in significnt different (P<0.05) from fish fed diet T 4. Tles 5, 6 nd 7. Blood smple collected 60dy during the experiment The hemtology smple collected t 30 dy showed shows tht the white lood cell count of fish fed the tht the WBCs of ll fish fed vrying inclusion of control diet ws significntly different (P<0.05) from fish proiotic ws not significntly different (p>0.05), while fed T 4 (2.0g) ut ws not significntly different (P>0.05) Fish fed control diet (0% proiotic) hs the lowest RBCs from WBC of fish fed with diet T,T 2 nd T 3 (P>0.05). count nd ws not significntly different from fish fed There ws no significnt difference in WBC of fish fed with T nd T (0.5,.0g proiotic) ut significntly diet T, T nd T. The red lood cell count (RBC) shows 2 2 3 5
World J. Fish & Mrine Sci., 5 (): 0-08, 203 no significnt difference (P>0.05) in the lood prmeter of fish fed T 0, T, T 2 nd T 3 ut there ws significnt different (P<0.05) in the red lood cell of fish fed 2.0g proiotic nd control diet. The highest PCV ws mesured in the lood of fish fed diet T nd the lowest ws oserved in fish fed with control diet ut there ws no significntly different (P>0.05) from the lood of fish fed diet T, T 2, T3nd T 4. There were no significnt differences (P>0.05) in Men corpusculr volume (MCV), Men corpusculr hemogloin (MCH), Men corpusculr hemogloin concentrtion (MCHC) nd Pltelets count (PLT) of the lood of ll fish fed with vrying concentrtion of proiotic. At the 90 dys of the experiment, the highest white lood count ws recorded for fish fed with T nd ws not significntly different from WBCs of fish fed T, T nd T ut significntly 0 3 4 different from fish fed diet T. The lowest red lood cell 2 ws recorded in fish fed with T nd the highest ws 3 recorded in fish fed T ut there ws no significnt 0 difference in the RBCs of fish fed diet T, T, T nd T. 0 2 4 The PLT count ws high in fish fed control diet nd there ws no significnt difference in lood of fish fed with proiotic diet (0.5,.0 nd.5g). There were no significnt differences (P<0.05) in the PCV, MCV, MCH nd MCHC of ll fish fed vrying quntity of proiotic. DISCUSSION The vlues of wter prmeters recorded during the experiment period re within the cceptle rnge for quculture [4]. However, the optimum growth of Africn ctfish requires temperture, 27-30 C, t lest 5 mg/l of dissolved oxygen nd 6.5-9.0 ph in the rering wter [5]. During the period of experiment, diet stored efore use showed tht moulds quickly develop in control diet nd there ws no mould found in the diet contining proiotic. This showed tht proiotic contriute to the destruction of moulds, viruses nd prsites in food. At the end of the experimentl period (90), the group of fish fed T (0.5 g) proiotic grew etter thn the group fed the control diet wheres the finl ody weight of group of fish fed diet T 0, T nd T 4 hd significntly (P<0.05) higher finl ody weight thn the group of fish fed diet T 2 nd T 3. However the lowest finl weight ws chieved y group fed diet T 2. Anlysis of vrince for weight gin followed the sme trend s in finl ody weight gin, suggesting tht the ddition of 0.5g proiotic enhnce the growth performnce nd feed utiliztion of Clris griepinus. The study result lso shows tht growth performnce, specific growth rte (SGR) nd feed conversion rtio (FCR) were significntly (P<0.05) higher in fish mintined on the T of proioticsupplemented diet compred with those on the control diet. These results re in greement with the findings of Lr-Flores et l. [5] who used three diets formulted for tilpi Oreochromis niloticus fries, the first ws supplemented t 0.5g with cteril mixture contining Streptococcus fecium nd Lctocillus cidophilus; the second ws supplemented t 0.5 g with the yest Scchromyces cerevise; nd the third, control diet without supplements with two protein levels eing 40% nd 27% protein. Lr-Flores et l. [6] found tht ll diets supplemented with yest nd the microil mixture led to the est growth performnce thn those fed with control diets. Also Mohmed et l.[7] reported tht the Nile tilpi (O. niloticus) fingerlings fed on diets supplemented y proiotic exhiited greter growth thn those fed with the control diet. Mukhopdhyy nd Ry [8] lso found tht gretest ttinment in rohu Leo rohit fingerlings fish rered on diet contining sesme seed mel fermented y lctic cid cteri (Lctocillus cidophilus) thn feed contin sesme seed mel. Adelhmid et l., [3] results show tht growth performnce, specific growth rte (SGR), reltive growth rte (RGR), nutrient utiliztion protein efficiency rtio (PER), feed conversion rtio (FCR) nd survivl were significntly (P<0.05) higher in fish mintined on the proiotic-supplemented diet compred with those on the control diet, [9] showed tht the ddition of grm-positive proiotic cterium to diets incresed survivl nd growth rte of mrine fish lrve (snook, red drum, spotted se trout nd stripped mullet). In contrst, Efthimiou [20] found tht there ws no effect of proiotics on growth performnce oserved in Atlntic slmon fry nd dentex, respectively. It reduced fish ft content nd llevited the hzrd effects of A. hydrophil on mortlity rte. Africn ctfish Clris griepinus survivl rte ws 00% fter 90 dys of feeding diets with nd without proiotic supplementtion; this my e due to the fulfillment of dietry requirement, helthy fish used in this experiment nd the est experimentl conditions. Hemtologicl chrcteristics hve een widely used in clinicl dignosis of disese nd pthologies of humn nd domestic nimls. The pplictions of hemtologicl techniques hve proved vlule for fishery iologists in ssessing the helth of fish nd monitoring stress responses. Some of the vlues were fluctuting due to the condition under which the fishes were kept, the condition sed on the fct tht the fishes re not in their nturl hitt nd lso ecuse of sizes of the fishes, lood vlues such s the white lood cell, red lood cell nd 6
World J. Fish & Mrine Sci., 5 (): 0-08, 203 hemogloin vlue. This ws reported y Osuigwe et l., 3. El-Dkr, A.Y., S.M.M. Shly, A.I. Ad Elmonem [2] tht the hemtologicl prmeters of fish re ffected nd O.M. Whi, 2004. Enhncement of performnce y rnge of fctor which includes size, ge, using fennel seeds mel s feed dditive for Nile physiologicl sttus, environmentl conditions nd tilpi Oreochromis niloticus. J. Egypt. Acd. Soc. dietry regime (e.g. qulity nd quntity of food dietry Environ. Dev. (B. Aqucult.), 5: 43-67. ingredients, protein sources, vitmins nd proiotics). 4. Li, P. nd D. MGtlin III, 2004. Dietry rewer s yest The hemtology results of the present study showed nd the proiotic Groiotic TM AE influence growth tht WBC, RBC, PCV nd PLT were ffected y diet performnce, immune responses nd resistnce of tretment. At 30 nd 60 dy lood of fish fed diet with hyrid striped ss (Monrone chrypsops X M. 0.5g of proiotic hve the highest WBCs count. The RBC sxtilis) to Streptococcus inie infection. ws higher in fish fed the proiotic diet thn control diet Aquculture, 23: 445-456. t 30 nd 60 dy ut ws vice-vers t the 90 dy of the 5. Fuller, R., 992. History nd development of experiment [7] found increses in RBCs count, HB vlue, proiotics. In: Proiotics: The Scientific Bsis PCV nd WBCs count in fish groups fed with diet (Fuller, R. ed.), Chmpmn nd Hll, London, supplemented with proiotic ((B. sutillis nd Englnd, pp: -8. Scchromyces cerevise). This shows tht proiotic cn 6. Denev, S.A., 2008. Ecologicl lterntives of e considered s n lterntive method to ntiiotics for ntiiotic growth promoters in the niml husndry feed supplement nd helth improvement in quculture nd quculture. DSc. Thesis, Deprtment of t low inclusion level. Biochemistry Microiology, Trki University, Str CONCLUSION 7. Zgor, Bulgri, pp: 294. Mrzouk, M.S., M.M. Moustf nd N.M. Mohmed, The result of the ninety dys feeding tril of Clris 2008. The influence of some proiotics on the growth performnce nd intestinl microil flor of griepinus with proiotic ( mixture of Lctocillus nd th Oreochromis niloticus. Proceedings of the 8 Bifidocterium) showed tht proiotic could e used in Interntionl Symposium on Tilpi in Aquculture, fish production. However growth performnce nd lood 2008, Ciro, Egypt, pp: 059-07. prmeter (especilly white lood cell nd red lood cell) 8. Reid, G., J. Jss, M.T. Seulsky nd K.J. McCormick, could e improve in fish y incorporting proiotic t 0.5 2003. Potentil uses of proiotics in clinicl prctice. g. It cn e deduce from this reserch tht feed Clinicl Microiology Reviews, 6(4): 658-672. incorported with mixture of Lctocillus nd 9. Hylor, G.S., 993. Controlled htchery production of Bifidocterium species cn e used s fish feed in Clris griepinus (Burchell 992). Growth nd ctfish Clris griepinus culture, to enhnce fish helth, survivl of fry t high stocking density. Aquculture survivl, etter feed efficiency nd growth performnce. Fish Mngement, 22: 405-422. However, I recommend more reserch more work on this 0. Sogesn, A.O. nd A.A.A. Ugwum, 2008. proiotic under vrious conditions nd proiotic should Nutritive vlues of some non-conventionl niml e mde commercilly ville for quculture use t protein feedstuffs used s fishmel supplement in resonle price. quculture in Nigeri. Turkish Journl of Fisheries nd Aqutic Science, 8: 59-64. REFERENCES. Austin, B., 2002. Use of proiotic to control furunculosis in rinow trout, Oncorhychus mykiss. Hrdy, R.W., 995. Current issues in Slmonid (Wlum). J. Fish Dis., 25: 333-342. Nutrition In: Lim C.E. nd D.J. Sess (Eds.). Nutrition 2. AOAC, 995. Assocition of Officil Anlyticl nd Utiliztion Technology Aquculture. AOCS th Chemists. Officil Methods of Anlysis. 6 Edn., press, Chmpign, IL, USA, pp: 26-50. Document AOAC, Arlington, Virgini, USA. ID: 3936. 3. Schmitt, C.J., V.S. Blzer nd G.M. Dethloff, 999. 2. Spkot, A., A.R. Spkot, M. Kuchrski, J. Burke, Biomonitoring of Environmentl Sttus nd Trends S. McKenzie, P. Wlker nd R. Lwrence, 2008. (BEST) Progrm: Field Procedures for Assessing the Aquculture prctices nd potentil humn helth Exposure of Fish to Environmentl Contminnts. risks: current knowledge nd future priorities. Informtion nd Technology Report USGS/BRD- Environ. Int. 34(8): 2-5. Review Epu Jun 8- Nov 999-0007. U.S.Geologicl Survey, Biologicl 26; 2008. Resources Division, Columi, MO. 7
World J. Fish & Mrine Sci., 5 (): 0-08, 203 4. Adelhmid, A.M., F.F.M. Khlil nd M.A.A. Seden, 8. Mukhopdhyy, N. nd A.K. Ry, 999. Utiliztion of 2000. Possiility of using dried live yest nd copr mel in the formultion of compound dies for lcto-scc in Nile tilpi fingerlings diets. J. Agric. rohu, Leo rohit, fingerlings. Journl of Applied Sci. Mnsour Univ., 25: 4905-49. Ichthyology, 5: 27-3. 5. Chpmn, F.A., 2000. Ornmentl fish culture, 9. Kennedy, S.B.J.W. Tucker, C.L. Neidic, G.K. Vermeer, freshwter. In: R.R. Stickney (ed), Encyclopedi of V.R. Cooper, J.L. Jrrell nd D.G. Sennett, 998. Aquculture. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Bcteril mngement strtegies for stock Inc., pp: 602-60. enhncement of worm wter mrine fish: cse study 6. Lr-Flores, M., M.A. Olver-Novo, B.E. Guzmn- with common snook, Centropomus undecimlis. Mendez nd W. Lopez-Mdrid, 2003. Use of Bulletin of Mrine Science, 62: 573-588. the cteri Streptococcus fecium nd 20. Efthimiou, S., 996. Dietry intke of B-, 3/, 6 Lctocillus cidophilus nd the yest glucns in juvenile dentex (Dentex dentex), Spride: Scchromyces cerevisie s growth promoters in Effects on growth performnce, mortlities nd Nile tilpi (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquculture, non-specific defence mechnisms. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 26: 93-20. 2: -7. 7. Mohmed, K.A., Bdi Adel Ftth nd A.M.S. Eid, 2. Osuigwe, D.I., A.I. Oiekezie nd G.C. Onuoh, 2005. 2007. Evlution of using some feed dditives on Some hemtologicl chnges in hyrid ctfish growth performnce nd feed utiliztion of monosex (Heterornchus longifilis x Clris griepinus) fed Nile tilpi (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. different dietry levels of rw nd oiled jcken Agriculturl Reserch Journl, Suez Cnl University, (Cnvli ensiformis) seedmel. Afri. J. Biotech, 7(3): 49-54. 4(9): 07-02. 8