Replcing Fish Mel with Soyben Mel nd Brewer s Grins with Yest in Diets for Austrlin Red Clw Cryfish, Cherx qudricrintus Lur A. Muzinic*, Kenneth R. Thompson, & Crl D. Webster
Introduction Soyben mel (SBM) hs been the most extensively evluted nd most commonly-used plnt protein ingredient in diets for domestic nimls nd wrmwter fish SBM is vilble worldwide t lower cost (thn most mrine niml ingredients)
Introduction Brewer s grins with yest (BGY) increses nutrient properties nd pltbility Dried yest is nturl ingredient nd good source of vitmin B Countries with brewery industries my be ble to dd BGY to quculture diets s locllyvilble diet ingredient
Red Clw Red clw re lrge freshwter cryfish Populr quculture species due to their potentil lrge size nd resemblnce to high-priced Americn lobsters
RED CLAW
Red Clw Mles hve distinct RED ptch Femles hve NO RED ptch MALE FEMALE
Red Clw Reserch of culturing red clw, outside of Austrli, begn in the mid-1980s It ws determined tht red clw ws the most suitble for widespred quculture in the U.S. Tody, red clw hve been shipped nd cultured on every continent except Antrctic
Culture Trits Non-ggressive (communl) nd non-burrowing behvior during cptivity; llows for high density pond culture Brod temperture rnge 21 to 32 C (69 to 90 F), reltive to other crustcen species; longer growing seson in the U.S. Tolerte poor wter qulity conditions (low DO, high mmoni & nitrite)
Chrcteristics Lck of complex lrvl stges No extensive burrowing like other species of freshwter cryfish A physiclly robust species (cn be hndled out of wter)
Simplified life-cycle: Advnced juvenile cryfish re relesed directly from the femle, eliminting the requirement for expensive nd sophisticted htcheries for lrvl rering Red clw under culture conditions hve been found to redily ccept wide vriety of foods including formulted diets
High Met Yield: About 30% of the totl body weight of red clw is edible til met; 15-20% for our ntive cryfish The clws cn lso be utilized in lrger individuls
Culture Trits Red clw re reltively gregrious nd tolerte crowded conditions not usully seen with lrge-clwed crustcens
Specific nutrient requirements of red clw hve yet been determined... Diet costs re 30-70% of frmers cost of opertion (represent lrgest vrible cost) Frmers use expensive high-qulity commercil shrimp diets nd protein is one of the most expensive ingredients in prepred quculture diet Importnt to determine the miniml protein level for red clw in n effort to reduce diet costs for frmers nd the industry
BGY-35 = Brewer s Grins with Yest (35% protein) BGY is currently being utilized in commercil for shrimp, tilpi, nd eel diets Brewery grins nd yest re the 2 min byproducts of the brewing industry Yest is high in protein (%) nd very digestible
Objective Evlute the effects of totl replcement of fish mel with combintion of SBM nd BGY-35 in diets for two different strins of juvenile red clw t vrious weights.
Mterils & Methods Juveniles were fed to excess 3X dily (0800, 1200, nd 1600h) Juveniles were kept in individul plstic-mesh culture units within rectngulr fiberglss tnks Wter temperture ws mintined between 27-29 C
Mterils & Methods Continuous ertion ws provided Wter qulity ws checked 3 times per week Excess food nd wstes were siphoned out of the culture units every other dy
Mterils & Methods Experimentl Diets: Formulted to be isonitrogenous (40% protein) nd isocloric (4 kcl vilble energy/g of diet) Formulted to contin 1% ech of lecithin, cholesterol, nd diclcium phosphte Diet 1 ws formulted to be similr to highqulity mrine shrimp diet
Diet (% composition) 1 2 3 4 Anchovy fish mel 24.0 0 0 0 Soyben mel 23.0 56.75 47.75 40.75 Shrimp mel 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Whet flour 20.0 4.0 3.0 0 BGY-35 0 10.0 20.0 30.0 Cod liver oil 2.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 Corn oil 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Other 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25
Experiment 1 100 Ecudor-strin juveniles - men initil weight of 1.2 g 8-week study 2000-L biofilter 25 individuls per tretment
Wter Qulity Prmeter Ammoni (TAN); mg/l Nitrite; mg/l Alklinity; mg/l Chloride; mg/l ph Dissolved Oxygen; mg/l Temperture; C Men 0.27 ± 0.09 0.011 ± 0.013 91.4 ± 10.5 60.0 ± 8.2 8.2 ± 0.2 6.6 ± 0.3 28.2 ± 0.9
Results 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 FINAL WEIGHT (g)
Results 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 WEIGHT GAIN (%)
Results 4 3 2 1 0 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE (%/dy)
Results 100 80 60 40 20 0 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 SURVIVAL (%)
Experiment 2 120 Austrlin-strin juveniles - men initil weight of 3.1 g 8-week study 400-L biofilter 30 individuls per tretment
Wter Qulity Prmeter Ammoni (TAN); mg/l Nitrite; mg/l Alklinity; mg/l Chloride; mg/l ph Dissolved Oxygen; mg/l Temperture; C Men 0.32 ± 0.14 0.034 ± 0.029 89.7 ± 13.3 48.3 ± 11.4 8.2 ± 0.2 6.7 ± 0.3 28.6 ± 1.0
Results 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 FINAL WEIGHT (g)
Results 500 400 300 200 100 0 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 WEIGHT GAIN (%)
Results 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE (%/dy)
Results 100 80 60 40 20 0 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 SURVIVAL (%)
Discussion The results of these studies indicte tht diet contining 10, 20, or 30% BGY nd vrious percentges of SBM nd 0% FM cn be fed to red clw (>1.0 g) without dverse effects on growth nd survivl.
Fish Mel Replcement Studies for Crustcens Author(s) Piedd-Pscul et l. (1990) Tidwell et l. (1993) Lim (1997) Sudryono et l. (1999) Species Tiger prwn (Peneus monodon) Freshwter prwn (Mcrobrchium rosenbergii) White shrimp (Peneus vnnmei) Tiger prwn (Peneus monodon) Diet 0% FM 55% SBM 0% FM, 26.25% SBM, & 40% DGS 11.7% Penut mel & 40% Animl protein mix 6% FM & 30% Lupin mel
Conclusions Juvenile red clw cn be fed diet with 0% FM, 57% SBM, nd 10% BGY My decrese diet costs increse profits Reduce the relince on FM s diet ingredient
Acknowledgments This project ws prtilly funded by USDA 1890 institution Cpcity Building Grnt wrded to Kentucky Stte University, nd by grnt from the USDA under greement KYX-80-00-10A to KSU. Funding ws lso provided by Kentucky s Regionl University Trust Fund to the Aquculture Progrm s KSU s Progrm of Distinction. This project ws in prtil fulfillment of L. Muzinic s Mster s of Science degree in Aquculture t KSU.
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