«UNGASS Period» Turkey s Supply Reduction Policy, New Approaches & Actions Taken

«UNGASS Period» Turkey s Supply Reduction Policy, New Approaches & Actions Taken

Content 1. Supply Reduction Policy Coordination Strategy Documents and Action Plans (Action Plan on Fight against Drugs, Action Plan on Fight against Organized Crime) 2. Comparision of UNGASS and Turkey s Supply Reduction Policy Actions taken during UNGASS Follow-up Process 3. Supply Reduction Drug Routes Drug Statistics 4. New Approaches Legislation Narco-Terrorism NPS International Cooperation Controlled Delivery Operations Operational Cooperation

Supply Reduction Policy Coordination- Boards on Fight against Drugs High Council on Fight against Drugs Ministers Council on Fight against Drugs Technical Council on Fight against Drugs Deputy Undersecretaries Experts Provincial/District Board on Fight against Drugs Local

Supply Reduction Policy Coordination; Strategy Document/ Action Plan 2016 2018 National Strategy Document on Drugs and Action Plan have been put into force with the decree of High Council on Fight against Drugs

Supply Reduction Policy Coordination; National Strategy Document on Fight Against Organised Crime 2016-2021 and 2016-2018 National Action Plan on Fight Against Organised Crime

Comparision of UNGASS and Turkey s Supply Reduction Policy/Chronological Process The Natioanl Strategy Document and Action Plan has been put into force at the beginning of 2016. 59th Session of CND and UNGASS 2016 has been carried out in the months following the period of the said documents has been put into force. Despite these 2 processes have progressed differently, The Natioanl Strategy Document and Action Plan has been prepared in the light of previous sessions of CND and the European Union Drug Strategy Document.

Comparision of UNGASS and Turkey s Supply Reduction Policy Turkey s National Supply Reduction Policy UNGASS Supply Reduction Policy Acts Undertaken Effectively investigating the people who are captured in the police crackdown on drug trafficking as well as the organizations which are deciphered in the process to identify any link with the terrorist organizations and preventing the use of drugs as financial resources. Supporting the International Cooperation in antidrug efforts and placing emphasis on the Controlled Deliviery Operations The activities were carried out related to prevention of finance of terrorism under Article of 3, item (e) and (k), Operational recommendations on supply reduction and related measures; effective law enforcement; responses to drug-related crime; and countering money-laundering and promoting judicial Cooperation. The activities were carried out related to cooperation with International organizations under Article of 6 items (a), (c), (e), Operational recommendations on strengthening international cooperation based on the principle of common and shared responsibility. Fighting against Narco- Terrorism International Cooperation Undertaking the fight against New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) within the framework of the Early Warning System The activities were carried out related to NPS and Early Warning System under Article of 5 items (e), (f), (g), (h) Operational recommendations on cross-cutting issues in addressing and countering the world drug problem: evolving reality, trends and existing circumstances, emerging and persistent challenges and threats, including new psychoactive substances, in conformity with the three international drug control conventions and other relevant international instruments Fight against NPS

Supply Reduction Routes Turkey is on the «Balkan Route» which is a geographically important transit route in terms of illicit opium and derivatives trade, However, Turkey has become a target country for drug traffickers in recent years due to its high rate of young population and transit nature.

Supply Reduction Routes According to the Afghanistan Opium Poppy Survey Report 2016; Potential opium production, which was 3,300 tons in 2015, increased by 43% to 4,800 tons in 2016. The area of opium cultivation, which was 183,000 hectares in 2015, increased by 10% to 201,000 hectares in 2016.

Turkey is the target country for synthetic drugs originating from Europe and also for the precursors needed for these drugs As being a transit country Turkey is also under the threat of the synthetic drugs shipped to Asian countries. Supply Reduction Routes Ecstasy &Captagon Production and Trafficking Routes

Supply Reduction Statistics Number of Offences and Suspects for the period of 2014-2016 140,000 120,000 117,686 108,003 114,276 100,000 80,000 77,664 73,017 81,222 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 2014 2015 2016 Number of Offences Number of Suspects Source: Turkish National Focal Point of EMCDDA, 2017

Supply Reduction Narco-team Project DECEMBER 2014 JULY 2015 JULY 2017 11 PROVINCES 18 PROVINCES 21 PROVINCES

New Approaches Legislative Amendments The sentences for drug trafficking crimes committed within 200 meters of the places that require particular attention such as; schools, dormitories, hospitals, military barracks and places of worship have been increased by half. In order to fight against NPS Generic Legislation has been put into force and many NPS have been taken under the law with a proactive approach before they enter the drug market in Turkey

New Approaches International Cooperation Turkey attaches a great importance to international cooperation and information exchange in the fight against drugs. It has great importance to be in cooperation with the countries involved espeacially for Afghanistanoriginated opium and European countries originated synthetic drugs.

New Approaches International Cooperation International operations carried out between 2006 2016 Controlled Delivery Joint Operation Countries Operations 77 140 22 International Cooperation & Liaison Officers Number of Countries That have Liaison Officer in Turkey Number of Liaison Officer in Turkey Number of Countries That Turkey have Liaison Officer Number of Liaison Officer of Turkey 41 113 12 13

New Approaches NARCO-TERRORISM Overview of Crime Revenues Obtained Through Drug Trafficking at Global Level

New Approaches NARCO-TERRORISM According to some international reports, it is estimated that around $1,6 trillion is being laundered per year and estimated value of $320 billion being generated from drug trafficking (UNODC and IMF, 2012) The total value of EU drug market has been estimated to be worth at around 24 billion EUR in 2013 (EMCDDA, EUROPOL). International Monetary Fund European monitoring centre for drugs and drug addiction

PKK/KCK PKK/KCK is an armed and separatist terrorist group aiming at establishing a state in Southern and Southeast Turkey, northern Iraq, northeast Syria and Northwest Iran and committing every kind of criminal activities in order to separate the territory within the borders of Turkey. Annualy, It is estimated that the organization generates around 1,5 billion USD income from drug trafficking by involving every stage of the trafficking According to some international reports and publications; PKK/KCK generates between 50 and 100 million USD only from Afghan heroin destined to Europe from Afghanistan On October14, 2009, U.S Department of Treasury designated three leaders of the PKK/KCK terrorist organization as Significant Foreign Narcotics Traffickers.

OTHER TERRORİST ORGANİZATİONS WİTH DRUG TRAFFİCKING ACTIVITIES However, there are significant findings of drug trafficking activities carried out by terrorist organizations such as FETÖ/PDY, DEASH, DHKP/C, THKP/C Acilciler etc. in order to provide financial resources, within this context necessary efforts and investigations have been continuing.

New Approaches NPS CONTROL MEASURES Over the last decade the huge growth in availability of new psychoactive substances on drug market has driven greater complexity into the World drug problem and led to major new challenges for public health. And certainly became One of the biggest Common threat for the World.

LEGAL RESPONSES International Drug Conventions Monitoring, Joint Surveys, Researches, etc. National Regulations Drug Laws Specific NPS Control Law or Regulation, Lists and/or Analog, Generic Definition Approaches, Catch-all Approaches, Risk Assessments, Temporary Controls

TUBİM EWS Working Group Meeting Council of Ministers EMCDDA TUBİM Ministry of Health Turkish National Police Gendarmarie General Command Criminal Police Laboratory Customs General Directorate Forensic Science Institution Coast Guard Command Criminal Gendarmarie Laboratory

Number of NPS Monitored & Their Legal Status in Turkey Distribution of NPS According to the Legal Control Method 900 800 170 700 600 276 700 600 500 400 300 200 692 +850 500 400 300 200 416 692 100 100 0 Number of NPS not under Legal Control in Turkey 0 Number of NPS under control by Generic Legislation Number of NPS under Legal Control in Turkey Number of NPS taken under control one by one