The Four Pillars of Traffic Safety C. Y. David Yang, Ph.D. Executive Director NORTHEAST TRANSPORTATION SAFETY CONFERENCE October 24-25, 2017
Harmonize Three Components of Transportation System Users Infrastructure Vehicles
Four Key Areas to Improve Traffic Safety Data Design Dissemination Enforcement
Why Data? Provide trends & show trouble areas Priority improvement needs https://nats.aero/blog/2014/03/europe-24-air-traffic-data-visualisation/ Aid in investment/resource allocation decisions Implement systematic approach to improve safety http://news.mit.edu/2010/cars-sensors-0924 http://www.trafficvision.com/
Traffic Fatality Around the World 2015 Source: IRTAD (International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group, OECD)
Traffic Fatality Statistics Overview Source: NHTSA s FARS, Analyzed by AAAFTS (2016 Data, Extrapolated from Jan-Sept 2016 estimate)
Three Major Crash Types in U.S. 2015 Crashes Injuries Deaths Intersection & Intersection-Related 2,658,000 1,193,000 7,778 Road Departure 889,000 343,000 10,278 Pedestrian/Cyclist 121,000 127,000 5,518 Source: NHTSA s FARS & GES, Analyzed by AAAFTS
Major Crash Types Involving Errors in Longitudinal Control of Vehicle 2015 Crashes Injuries Deaths Rear-End 2,006,000 804,000 2,186 Turn Across Path 538,000 293,000 1,728 Turn Into Path 526,000 212,000 1,107 T-Bone 418,000 281,000 2,306 Frontal Crash into Parked Car 222,000 42,000 153 Frontal Crash into Pedestrian/Cyclist Source: NHTSA s FARS & GES, Analyzed by AAAFTS 112,000 114,000 4,865
Relevant Data Proper Analytics Impactful Solution
What about Design? Keep in mind about limitations of the users Capabilities Experiences https://www.carsrusaustralia.net.au/single-post/2016/03/21/keeping-older-drivers-safe-on-the-roads Other factors about the users Attitudes Preferences http://www.osceolagarage.com/distracted-driving-a-preventable-teen-epidemic/ http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/680118/supreme-court-rule-priority-buses-wheelchairs-disabled-mothers-baby-buggies https://www.lytx.com/en-us/blog/distracted-pedestrians-are-on-the-rise-what-to-do
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e19_gz3obwm
http://thecityfix.com/blog/the-most-dangerous-roads-in-the-world/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:taiwan_2009_taipei_gongguan_at_night_frd_8551.jpg https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/mall-centric-no-more-aging-suburb-targeted-for-a-sweepingmakeover/2015/05/30/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:complex_road_crossings_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780283.jpg
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2048696/road-signs-make-sense-unnecessary-removed.html http://andyoverseas.blogspot.com/2006/09/i-was-going-throughpictures-i-had.html http://arbroath.blogspot.com/2012/02/some-say-school-speed-limit-sign-istoo.html http://sugoiyasokuhou.doorblog.jp/archives/43649685.html
http://mamabicycle.blogspot.com/2011/08/bike-lane-riding-in-kyoto-long-family.html http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20150507/news/150508940/ https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/goshrp2/solutions/reliability/list
http://www.auto-power-girl.com/wallpapers/highresolution/audi_a6_l_etron_concept/79105 https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/97septoct/p97sept18.cfm https://www.macrumors.com/2017/01/04/toyota-and-ford-consortium-in-car-systems/
Design Supports
More Design Supports https://www.edn.com/design/automotive/4437761/adas-takes-greater-control-in-2015
Understand Limitations Utilize Resources User- Centered Design
How to Disseminate? Multiple methods to deliver clear & critical messages to users Safety campaigns Education & trainings http://i-70scout.com/blog/2016/07/rural-seat-belt-enforcement-begins-today-click-it-or-ticket-runs-july-18-24/ Repeated messages & encouragements from various stakeholders http://thetimesweekly.com/news/2017/mar/15/joliet-policeremind-st-patricks-day-revelers-driv/ http://exchange.aaa.com/safety/distracted-driving/the-risks-of-distracted-driving/#.we0bf2i3x3g
Example 1: Share information about distracted driving According to 2016 Traffic Safety Culture Index Cell Phone vs. Driving 70% said it is unacceptable to talk on hand-held phone; 33% said the same about hands-free phone 59% indicated that talking on cell phones as a very serious threat to safety However > 2/3 of drivers reported talking on phone while driving in past month
More on Example 1 Texting vs. Driving 93% feel it is unacceptable to type texts while driving 81% view drivers texting as a very serious threat However 1/3 admitted typing/sending a text message or email while driving 40% read a text while driving
Example 2: Share information about impaired & drowsy driving Proportion of Drivers that Rate Behavior as Unacceptable Drive when may have drank too much 97 Drive within 1 hour of using cannabis 89 Drive within 1 hour of using cannabis + alcohol 96 Drive when so sleepy that one has trouble keeping eyes open 96
More on Example 2 Past Year Behavior Drove when alcohol level might have been close to or over legal limit 13 Drove within 1 hour of using cannabis 5 Drove within 1 hour of using cannabis + alcohol 3
Traffic Safety Messages Continuous Reinforcement Behavioral Adjustment
https://privacysos.org/redlight/ The Role of Enforcement Law enforcement officers Identify & mitigate potential hazardous situations Ensure users follow laws & regulations http://www.gunssavelife.com/maryland-targets-good-guy-gun-owners-to-battle-their-high-crime-rates/ When apply properly, automatic enforcement strategies can be useful Impact of family & friends https://guthrienewspage.wordpress.com/2013/05/16/lawenforcement-motorists-misunderstanding-work-zone-signs/
https://www.jantoo.com/cartoons/keywords/tailgating https://compliancesafetymanager.com/6-states-combine-for-anti-speeding-effortthis-weekend/ https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2015/01/15/drunkdriving-efforts-across-usa/21776227/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/infomatique/5540066029 https://drivingmba.com/i-didnt-mean-to-run-the-red-light/ https://chryslercapital.com/blog/a-road-rage-breakdown-social-media-style
https://azdot.gov/about/transportation-safety/work-zonesafety http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20101009/news/710109958/ http://www.lazybrook.org/2015/01/24/school-zone-safety-reminder/ http://www.radarsign.com/traffic-calming-hoas-neighborhoodsresidential-areas-2/ https://www.army.mil/article/165236/why_should_i_yield_to_an_emergency_vehicle_with_lights_and_siren
Supporting Traffic Law Enforcement Other entities that can impact traffic violators future behaviors & choices, Judicial system DMV Insurance Family & friends http://mynews4.com/news/local/california-dmv-says-computer-crashaffects-offices-statewide https://www.recruiter.com/i/recruiting-retaining-andinspiring-todays-multi-generational-workforce-part-1/ https://www.alaskapublic.org/2017/01/13/how-traffic-court-works/ http://portland.citymomsblog.com/family/family-meetings/
Discourage Improper Behavior Practice Safe Driving, Walking, Improve Traffic Safety
Integrating the Key Areas Data Design Enforcement Dissemination