Standardization of Nirgundi taila (oil) and its conversion into an ointment. Abhimanyu Patankar *1, Leena Nandeshwar 2, Sheela Pargunde 3 1. PG Student, Dept. of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana 2. Reader and P.G. Guide. Email: leenanandeshwar@gamil.com 3. Professor & H. O. D. Email: sheela.pargunge@gmail.com; +919324493208. Dept. of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Y.M.T. Ayurvedic medical college, Khraghar sec 4, Navi Mumbai. *Corresponding Author: Email: patankarabhimanyu63@gmail.com, +919819468323. ABSTRACT: Vata Vyadhi is a group of many diseases, and it is well described in Laghutrayi as well as in Bruhatrayi. Even though there are many diseases which come under vata vyadhi, the common signs which a physician may come across are the sthanik shotha and sthanik sandhi shoola. Both of these tend to hamper the day to day life of the patient. Elaborately described abhyantara chikitsa as well panchakarma chikitsa both have its own significance in vata vyadhi. Looking at today s busy life style of patients it is difficult for them to follow the bahya snehan which has important role in many of the vata vyadhi as a part of chikitsa and also to get the symptomatic relief. Nirgundi (vitex negundo) has been described in bhavprakash under guduchyadi varga. It is stated that, it has vedanasthapan, shothaghna and shulaghna gunas and thus it is used as a prime dravya in many of the vatashamak kalpas of abhyantara as well as bahya use, for local application generally Nirgundi sidhha taila is used [1]. The contents of Nirgundi taila are Nirgundi patra and Nirgundi patra swaras. Conversion from Nirgundi taila to the Nirgundi ointment is achieved by adding different bases other ingredients. This is the sincere effort to convert this traditional 1
formulation into modern ointment form so that it can be practised routinely and easily. Keyword: Standardization, Nirgundi, Nirgundi Taila, Nirgundi Ointment, Conversion, Vata vyadhi. Introduction Ointments are semisolid preparations for external application to the body. They should be of such composition that they soften, but not necessarily melt, when applied to the skin. They are used primarily as vehicles or the bases for the topical application of the medicinal substances. Ideally, an ointment base should be compatible with the skin, stable permanent, smooth, non- irritating, non-sensitizing, inert and readily able to release its incorporated medication. [3] Thus by taking the advantage of the above qualities of the ointment s bases we can convert the traditional formulation of taila into ointment. Thus the bioavailability of the drug is also increased even though the form of the medicine is changed. To convert traditional formulation of Nirgundi taila into Nirgundi ointment. Objectives Preparation of Nirgundi taila (oil). Analytical testing of Nirgundi Taila (oil). Conversion of Nirgundi taila into Nirgundi ointment. Analytical testing of Nirgundi ointment Materials Nirgundi patra - leaves of Vitex negundo Base Tila taila For Taila nirmana: Table no. 1. Proportion of contents for preparation of Nirgundi Taila. Dravya Quantity Nirgundi patra kalka 200 gm Nirgundi swarasa 3.2 lit. Tila taila 800 ml Aims Standardization of Nirgundi taila (oil) and its ointment. 2
Volatile oils: Table no.2. Proportion of volatile oils. Volatile ingredient Quantity Terpen oil 6 drops Kapoor 10 gm Table no. 3. Chemical composition, solubility, physical properties, uses and proportion of bases used in preparation of Nirgundi ointment. Bases for ointment preparation [4] Base Chemical Solubility Physical Use in Quantity composition properties ointment Bee wax Fixed oils & Insoluble in Solid in state Used to 30 gm esters of fatty water; & yellow in stiffen the acids Soluble in colour ointment ether & chloroform Soft Purified Insoluble in White Moistening 500 gm paraffin mixture of water, alcohol unctuous & protecting semisolid Soluble in mass hydrocarbons benzene & transparent in obtained from chloroform thin layers petroleum Hard Purified Soluble in Colourless or Increases 50 gm paraffin mixture of solid chloroform, white; more consistency hydrocarbons ether; or less of the obtained from Insoluble in translucent ointment. petroleum water mass with crystalline structure. 3
Apparatus and Ingredients: Rasapanchak of the herb: Measuring cylinder, water bath, SS vessel, gas, and spatula. Table no. 4. Rasapanchak of the drug Nirgundi (Vitex negundo) [4]. Name of herb Rasa Guna Virya Vipak Karma Nirgundi Katu, Tikta, Kashay Ushna, Laghu Ushna Katu Shothaghna Vedanasthapana Vatahara Anulomana Methods The drugs required for the preparation of Nirgundi Taila were procured from Shiva Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra. The drugs were authentified from the Department of Dravyaguna, Y.M.T. Ayurvedic Medical College, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. Formulation of Nirgundi Taila (Oil) Taila sidhha: 1. SS vessel was taken. 2. Tila taila was taken as the base for taila nirmana and was poured in the vol. 800ml (Table no. 1). It was heated till phenashanti. 3. Kalka of Nirgundi patra 200 gm was added in it (Table no. 1). 4. Nirgundi patra swaras of vol. 3.2 lit was added in that mixture (Table no. 1). 5. The mixture was kept on low flame and continuous stirring was done till all the taila sidhha lakshanas were observed. 6. After achieving this end point the taila was filtered using the cloth. 7. The taila sample was subjected to Lab. testing. 4
Diagram 2. Varti parikshan Diagram 3. Shabda parikshan. Formulation of Nirgundi ointment - Diagram 1. Progressive increase of Fenodgam. The prepared Nirgundi taila was observed for the following sneha paka lakshanas. [2] Varti parikshan the kalka was turned into a soft mouldable mass, that it can be rolled over fingers to form a varti. Shabda parikshan When such a varti (mouldable mass of kalka dravya) is placed over fire, it does not produce cracking noise. The same taila (oil) was heated using water bath. The following bases Bee wax, soft paraffin, hard paraffin were added in the above said proportion (Table no. 3). The mixture was stirred continuously till all the base added is mixed completely, then addition of volatile substances were done in the above said quantity (Table no. 2). The ointment was filled in the container & labelling was done. Three batches were done for the evaluation. Diagram 3 Nirgundi taila ointment. Analysis of raw material Table no. 5. Analysis of raw material. 5
Test done Value observed Ph 4.33 Total ash 2.55 Water soluble 12.45 extracts Alcohol soluble extracts 14.62 Analysis of taila 1. Organoleptic examination of Nirgundi taila Table no. 6. Organoleptic examination of Nirgundi taila Batch Colour Odour Sparsha Batch 1 Greenish brown Karpoor Gandhi Snigdha Batch 2 Greenish brown Karpoor Gandhi Snigdha Batch 3 Greenish brown Karpoor Gandhi Snigdha 2. Measurement of ph of Nirgundi taila Table no. 7. ph of Nirgundi taila Measurement of ph Batch 1 4.05 Batch 2 4.08 Batch 3 4.05 3. Evaluation of viscosity of Nirgundi taila Table no. 8. viscosity of Nirgundi taila Measurement of viscosity Batch 1 0.289 Batch 2 0.295 6
Batch 3 0.295 4. Evaluation of specific gravity of Nirgundi taila Table no. 9. Specific gravity of Nirgundi taila Measurement of specific gravity Batch 1 9.828 Batch 2 9.829 Batch 3 9.830 Evaluation of Nirgundi ointment 1. Organoleptic examination of Nirgundi ointment. Table no. 10. Organoleptic examination of Nirgundi ointment. Batch Colour Odour Sparsh Batch 1 Greenish brown Karpoor gandhi Soft Batch 2 Greenish brown Karpoor Gandhi Soft Batch 3 Greenish brown Karpoor gandhi Soft 2. Measurement of ph Table no. 11. ph of Nirgundi ointment Measurement of ph Batch 1 4.55 Batch 2 4.53 Batch 3 4.54 Determination of Loss on drying. Table no. 12. Loss on drying. 7
Loss on drying Batch 1 0.287 Batch 2 0.289 Batch 3 0.289 Results The formulated ointment appeared to be uniformly mixed, without any lumps. No pungent or irritating smell was observed. The ointment readily spread on skin when applied on the skin topically and pushed gently. Discussion There were no objectionable changes in the laboratorial parameters even after converting the Nirgundi taila into Nirgundi ointment. The odour of both Nirguni taila and Nirgundi ointment was Karpoora Gandhi. The Sparsha of Nirgundi taila was Snigdha while of Nirgundi ointment was soft denoting its snigdhata. The ph of the Nirgundi ointment (avg. 4.54) remains nearly the same as that of the Nirgundi taila (avg. 4.06). The LOD value of the Nirgundi ointment which is suggestive of the moisture percentage is also minimum (avg. 0.288), thus there are least chances of microbial contamination. The medicinal content of the formulation is basically Nirgundi, which just made to disperse into a different therapeutic form the addition of volatile ingredients in it gives the counterirritant warm sensation to the Sandhi (joints) upon which it is applied, also the bio availability of the medicament in the formulation is not hampered because of this conversion. Nirgundi ointment is highly significant than Nirgundi taila by above said parameters in the management of vata vyadhi. Conclusion The traditional formulation of the Nirgundi taila has been successfully converted into Nirgundi ointment which can be used easily by the individuals. Even the physicochemical values are least deviated in the finale product. References: 1. Bhavpraksh; Bhavpraksh Nighantu part 1; Brahmashankar Mishra; Guduchyadi Varga - 8
Nirgundi; edition 11; Varanasi; Chaukhamba Publication; 2007 P. 344; verse no. 113. 2. Sharanghdhar; Sharanghdhar Samhita madhyam khanda; K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Chapter 9; Varanasi; Chaukhamba Prakashan, Reprint 2012. P. 218; (Sha. Sa. Mad. 9/1-3, 9/6, 9/12-13). 3. Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy; vol. 1; Chapter no. 47; Natural Products; 21 st edition; Publication: Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt. Ltd; New Delhi; 2005; P. 1077 Pharmaceutical Necessities. 4. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dept of ISM & H, Part-I, Vol. III, P. 209 211. Cite this article: Standardization of Nirgundi taila (oil) and its conversion into an ointment. Abhimanyu Patankar, Leena Nandeshwar, Sheela Pargunde -2014; 3(1): 1-9 9