Lesson 6: CELL CYCLE, MITOSIS Name: Group: MITOSIS IN ONION ROOTLET CELLS Permanent slide: onion rootlet stained with acetorcein The particular mitotic phases are visible in the onion rootlet cells. Chromosomes and microtubules of mitotic spindle are visible after staining with acetorcein. Observe the cells in mitotic phases and interphase 1. Name the phases of cell cycle in the correct order: 2. What is interphase and which phases of cell cycle includes? 3. Write the correct phase of cell cycle to these characteristics : : condensation of replicated chromosomes, karyokinesis, cytokinesis, uniform distribution of genetic material to two daughter cells : replication of nuclear DNA, duplication of centrosomes and chromosomes : cell growth, organelles reproduction, synthesis of proteins and enzymes : mitotic spindle formation (the beginning), organelles reproduction, cell growth, synthesis of proteins and enzymes 1/VI
MITOSIS IN TISSUE CULTURE Permanent slide: specimen from tissue culture from kidney of rabbit (ˮTK mitózaˮ) Mitotic cells are bigger, brighter and without nucleus (some of mitotic figures instead of nucleus) compared to interphase cells. Monaster (the cell in metaphasis) and defects of mitosis (e.g. anaphase bridge) are visible in the specimen. Draw the different phases of mitosis and the cell in interphase 1. Write the right name of mitotic phase under every picture: A B C D 2. What is mitotic index and what is it used for? 3. Draw monaster and anaphase bridge. 2/VI
MITOSIS IN HISTOLOGIC SECTION OF SMALL INTESTINE Permanent slide: small intestine of laboratory rat stained with haematoxylin-eosin ( mitózastřevo ) First observe cross-section of small intestine under small magnification and find the place with mitotic cells (in intestinal villi close to their base). Draw the cross- section of the intestine and the location of mitotic dividing cells 1. What structure is on the picture below? 2. Add description to the picture A) astral microtubule B) centriole C) kinetochore microtubule D) polar microtubule E) centrosome F) kinetochore G) chromatid 3/VI
MITOSIS IN HISTOLOGIC SECTION OF UTERUS Permanent slide: uterus of laboratory rat stained with haematoxylin-eosin ( mitóza- uterus ) First observe cross-section of uterus under small magnification and find the place with mitotic cells (in cubic epitel of mucosa). Draw the cross- section of the uterus and the location of mitotic cells Write the mitotic phases in the correct order and match the corresponding characteristics. 1. 2. 3. 4. a) disintegration of nuclear envelope, b) chromosomes are lined up in the equatorial plane by the assistance of microtubules and molecular motors (kinesins), c) binding of kinetochore microtubules to the kinetochore of chromosome, d) separation of sister chromatids by proteolytic separase, e) destruction of nucleolus and condensation of replicated chromosomes, f) formation of nuclear envelope from the vesicles of nuclear membrane around each set of chromosomes, g) segregation of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle by shortening of microtubules with the help of molecular motors (dyneins), h) formation of mitotic spindle and kinetochores, i) formation of two nuclei with nucleoli and degradation of mitotic spindle 4/VI
MITOSIS IN HISTOLOGIC SECTION OF TESTES Permanent slide: testes of laboratory rat stained with haematoxylin-eosin ( varle krysa ) First observe specimen under small magnification and find the place with mitotic cells (on the periphery of seminiferous tubules). Draw the seminiferous tubule and the location of mitotic cells Fill in the missing words to complete the sentence: 1. Mitosis includes two periods: (nucleus division) and.. (cytoplasm division) 2. Cytokinesis in animal cell is arranged by., which is formed with cytoskeletal filament ( ) and molecular motor ( ). 3. Cytokinesis in plat cell is arranged by, which is formed from the residues of polar, that are used for transport of vesicles from (cell organelle). 5/VI