Brain-Machine Interfaces and Sport

Transcription

1 Brain-Machine Interfaces and Sport José del R. Millán Defitech Professor of Brain-Machine Interface Center for Neuroprosthetics Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne

2 BMI: Architecture Feature extraction Classification / Regression Action generation Acquisition (Millán et al., Int J Pattern Recognition Artificial Intelligence 2008; Millán, IEEE Systems Man Cybernetics Magazine 2015)

3 BMI Modalities: Electrical Activity (Leuthardt et al., Neurosurgical Focus 2009)

4 BMI Features: Spatio-Frequency Domain ERD 0 Left hand 9-13 Hz Right hand 9-13 Hz ERS Foot motor imagery Hz Courtesy: TU Graz

5 Cybathlon & Mutual Learning Serafeim Perdikis, Luca Tonin, Sareh Saeedi, Christoph Schneider first competition for disabled individuals in control of bionic assistive technologies 2 tetraplegic pilots 7/3 months of training (Perdikis et al., IEEE Spectrum 2017; PLoS Biology 2018)

6 Cybathlon

7 Cybathlon Team (pilot) Race Time (s) Rank Brain Tweakers (P1) Qualifier 90 1 Brain Tweakers (P2) Qualifier Brain Tweakers (P2) Final A Neurobotics Final B BrainGain Qualifier NeuroCONCISE Final B Athena-Minerva Final B BrainStormers Qualifier Athena-Minerva Qualifier OpenBMI Final B OpenBMI Qualifier BrainGain Final A BrainStormers Final A NeuroCONCISE Qualifier Mahidol BCI Qualifier Ebrainers Qualifier Brain Tweakers (P1) Final A MIRAGE 91 Qualifier

8 Cybathlon: BMI Performance (Perdikis, Tonion et al., PLoS Biology 2018)

9 Cybathlon: Race Time & Brain Patterns (Perdikis, Tonion et al., PLoS Biology 2018)

10 Preparatory Motor Potentials & VR Shooting Michael Pereira Anatole Lécuyer, Ferran Argelaguet (Rennes) 9 novice shooters competitive immersive environment 8 blocks of 10 shots: Ø training (alone) vs. competition (6 avatars & unsupportive crowd) Ø 2 training 4 competition 2 training (Pereira et al., Front Psychology 2018)

11 Preparatory Motor Potentials & VR Shooting Similar group shooting performance & μ desynchronization (training vs. competition) No difference in μ desynchronization between good vs bad shots (Pereira et al., Front Psychology 2018)

12 Preparatory Motor Potentials & VR Shooting μ power difference (competition training) during aiming over controlateral hand area Differential individual effect of competition on μ desynchronization: compared to training, the larger μ desynchronization, the better shooting performance (Pereira et al., Front Psychology 2018)

13 Covert Visual Attention & Soccer Goalkeepers Camille Jeunet, Luca Tonin Anatole Lécuyer, Richard Kulpa (Rennes) 17 goalkeepers: lowest to highest levels French championship Covert Visual Attention (CVA): an ability for goalkeepers Neural signature: α synchronization (inhibition) of ipsilateral parieto-occipital areas (Jeunet, Tonin et al., BCI Meeting 2018)

14 Covert Visual Attention & Soccer Goalkeepers Multi-object tracking (MOT) X 2 MOT (3 min) CVA task (4 runs, 5 min) MOT (3 min)

15 Covert Visual Attention & Soccer Goalkeepers Lateralization Index (LI): α power (individual) (Jeunet, Tonin et al., BCI Meeting 2018)

16 Covert Visual Attention & Soccer Goalkeepers CVA performance over 8 runs Evolution of CVA performance (slope) r = 0.52, p = MOT difference (post-pre) (Jeunet, Tonin et al., BCI Meeting 2018)

17 Covert Visual Attention & Soccer Goalkeepers Evolution of the pre-cue α-amplitude over runs (slope) r = 0.548, p = MOT difference (post-pre) (Jeunet, Tonin et al., BCI Meeting 2018)

18 Brain-Machine Interfaces: More than Motor (Perceptual) Cognitive states Intention estimation Feedback Shared control

19 Cognitive States: Error Recognition (Falkenstein et al., 2000)

20 Cognitive States: Error Recognition Error-related potential, ErrP (Ferrez and Millán, IEEE TBME 2008)

21 Error Recognition & Sport ErrPs + self-confrontation interviews as a cognitive training tool?

22 Neuromodulation & Sport tdcs (transcranial direct current stimulation): delivers low-amplitude, constant current via scalp electrodes modifies the neuron s resting membrane potential to depolarize (anodal) or hyperpolarize (cathodal) decrease cortical excitability increase cortical excitability effects last minutes to hours (depending on length,10-20 min., and intensity, 1-2 ma, of stimulation)

23 tdcs & Motor Performance/Learning (Nitsche & Paulus, J Physiology 2000)

24 tdcs & Motor Performance/Learning Learning in elderly people Retentionsphase Training Session Anzahl korrekter Sequenzen (Baseline-adjustiert) * Post-90min 33,3% * Post-24h tdcs sham 35,7% Anzahl korrekter Sequenzen (Baseline-adjustiert) ** ** * B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 tdcs sham Zeit nach Ende der Stimulation Trainingsblöcke (Zimerman et al., Annals of Neurology 2013)

25 tdcs & Sport Early attempts, no definitive evidence: mixture of positive and negative outcomes 20 min of anodal tdcs before intensive training

26 tdcs & Sport: Selected Examples Angius et al. (Neurosience, 2016), 9 amateur cyclists: reduced perception of effort and increased endurance anodal stimulation of the motor cortex (M1) when the cathode was placed on the contralateral shoulder but not when placed over the prefrontal region Borducchi et al. (Front Psych, 2016), 10 elite athletes: improved cognitive performance and mood elevation 2 ma anodal stimulation for ten consecutive weekdays anode/cathode over the left/right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex no control

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