AUXILIARIES AND NEUROPLASTICITY

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1 AUXILIARIES AND NEUROPLASTICITY Claudio Babiloni, Ph.D. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia (UNIFG), Italy UNIFG structured personnel involved Prof. Claudio Babiloni (Coordinator), Dr. Ivano Triggiani, Dr. Anna Valenzano, Prof. Giuseppe Cibelli

RESTING EYES CLOSED Dominant resting (eyes-closed) alpha rhythms are synchronous and coherent over wide cortical areas and corresponding thalamic nuclei.

2 RESTING EYES CLOSED Dominant resting (eyes-closed) alpha rhythms are synchronous and coherent over wide cortical areas and corresponding thalamic nuclei. For this reason, alpha sources can be estimated from EEG recorded from only 19 scalp electrodes pyramidal neurons oscillating at synchronized alpha frequencies (around 10 Hz) = synchronous at around 10 Hz Reticular neurons Relay neurons BRAIN STEM THALAMUS

3 RESTING EYES OPENING Gamma rhythms High-frequency EEG rhythms (20 to 100 Hz orhighest) substitute alpha during eyes opening. These rhythms are coherent over small cortical areas and corresponding thalamic nuclei, and different sub-populations show different frequencies for opening their communication channel. For this reason, EEG sources of narrow high frequencies cannot be estimated from EEG recorded from 19 scalp electrodes and using large bands (i.e Hz) as in our clinical studies pyramidal neurons oscillating at several peculiar high frequencies (beta-gamma) Reticular neurons Relay neurons BRAIN STEM THALAMUS = synchronous at around 20 Hz = synchronous at around 40 Hz = synchronous at around 100 Hz

4 When and how would you choose competing electrophysiologic methods: fluctuations of EEG rhythms (ERD) vs. impulse responses (ERPs)? ERD reflects reduction of alpha or beta EEG rhythms nonphase-locked to the event ERD ERPs Hidden into the EEG rhythms, ERPs indicate small neuronal synchronization phase-locked to the event (EMGo) +1 sec EEG related to a voluntary finger movement 17/4

5 Testing of eyes opening alpha marker in athletes during upright standing

6 Alpha ERD was stronger in amplitude in karate and fencing athletes than in non-athletes during quiet upright standing at eyes open reference to eyes closed condition,, in line with AD-qEEG marker Del Percio C, Brancucci A, Bergami F, Marzano N, Fiore A, Di Ciolo E, Aschieri P, Andrea Lino A, Vecchio F, Iacoboni M, Gallamini M, Babiloni C, Eusebi F. Cortical alpha rhythms are correlated with body sway during quiet open-eyes standing in athletes: a highresolution EEG study. Neuroimage 2007, 36(3):822-9.

7 Testing of alpha marker in athletes during difficult upright standing

8 Alpha ERD was lower in amplitude in karate and fencing athletes than in non-athletes at central and parietal areas, during monopodalic referenced to less engaging bipodalic condition, in line with neural efficiency hypothesis DelPercioC,BabiloniC,MarzanoN,InfarinatoF,VecchioF,LizioR,AschieriP,FioreA,TorànG,GallaminiM,BarattoM, Eusebi F NEURAL EFFICIENCY OF ATHLETES BRAIN FOR UPRIGHT STANDING: A HIGH-RESOLUTION EEG STUDY Brain Res Bull May; 79(3-4):

9 Testing of alpha marker in athletes during complex visuomotor integration

10 Amplitude of alpha ERD over frontal midline and right primary sensorimotor areas was stronger in expert golfers in successful than unsuccessful putts Claudio Babiloni, Claudio Del Percio, Francesco Infarinato, Nicola Marzano, Marco Iacoboni, Pierluigi Aschieri, Fabrizio Eusebi: Sensorimotor rhythms related to precise golf putts: a high resolution EEG study Journal of Physiology, 2009

11 Testing of alpha marker in athletes during voluntary (endogenous) visuospatial attention

12 Alpha ERD was lower in amplitude in the elite athletes than in the nonathletes over the whole scalp Del Percio C, Babiloni C, Bertollo M, Marzano N, Iacoboni M, Infarinato F, Lizio R, Stocchi M, Robazza C, Cibelli G, Comani S and Eusebi F. Visuo-attentional and sensorimotor alpha rhythms are related to visuo-motor performance in athletes Hum Brain Mapp. 2009

13 How distributed systems in the brain integrate their activity by evaluating effective connectivity explored by TMS-EEG TMS and repetitive rtms interfere with the oscillations and information processing of the targeted cortical area of interest. The magnetic stimulation results in a quick, innocuous, and reversible knock out of the targeted cortical area

14 Effective connectivity by rtms-eeg: rtms of IPS linking cortical attentional networks (frontal eye field or FEF; precentral or PrCe; intraparietal sulcus, IPS), alpha rhythms, and behavior to Posner s test Parieto-occipital i it electrodes Paolo Capotosto, Claudio Babiloni, Gian Luca Romani, and Maurizio Corbetta. Posterior parietal cortex controls spatial attention through modulation of anticipatory alpha rhythms. Journal of Neuroscience 2009

15 Testing of alpha marker in athletes during understanding of expert actions

Low- (about 8 10 Hz) and high-frequency (about 10 12 Hz)

compared to the non-gymnasts in occipital it and

16 Low- (about 8 10 Hz) and high-frequency (about Hz) was lower in amplitude in the elite rhythmic gymnasts compared to the non-gymnasts in occipital it and temporal areas (ventral pathway) and in dorsal pathway. BabiloniC,DelPercioC,RossiniPM,MarzanoN,IacoboniM,InfarinatoF,LizioR,PiazzaM,PirritanoM,BerluttiG,Cibelli G, Eusebi F. Judgment of actions in experts: a high-resolution EEG study in elite athletes. Neuroimage Apr 1;45(2):

in amplitude with the videos characterized

characterized by a low judgment error; this

ventral premotor areas ( mirror pathway).

17 In the elite rhythmic gymnasts, high frequency alpha ERD (10-12 Hz) was higher in amplitude with the videos characterized by a high judgment error than those characterized by a low judgment error; this was true in inferior posterior parietal and ventral premotor areas ( mirror pathway). BabiloniC,DelPercioC,RossiniPM,MarzanoN,IacoboniM,InfarinatoF,LizioR,PiazzaM,PirritanoM,BerluttiG,Cibelli G, Eusebi F. Judgment of actions in experts: a high-resolution EEG study in elite athletes. Neuroimage Apr 1;45(2):512-21

18 Rehabilitation of EEG rhythms in athletes and non athletes for the improvement of cognitive-motor function

19 An audio-visual 10-Hz stimulation induced a negative correlation between prestimulus alpha power and reaction time in fencing athletes and non-athletes during visuo-spatial-motor task Del Percio C, Marzano N, Tilgher S, Fiore A, Di Ciolo E, Aschieri P, Lino A, Toràn G, Babiloni C, Eusebi F Pre-stimulus alpha rhythms are correlated with post-stimulus sensorimotor performance in athletes and non athletes: a high-resolution EEG study Clinical Neurophysiology 2007, 118(8):

Conclusions Athletes t brain is characterized by the modulation of sources of alpha rhythms in relevant

movements, complex visuo-motor integration, voluntary visuo-spatial attention, and judgment of expert

20 Conclusions Athletes t brain is characterized by the modulation of sources of alpha rhythms in relevant cortical networks as a function of task demands including difficult upright standing, voluntary hand movements, complex visuo-motor integration, voluntary visuo-spatial attention, and judgment of expert action Balance platform, AUXILIARIES, and qeeg are useful to disclose neuroplasticity of human subjects characterized by the modulation of sources of alpha rhythms. Application to rehabilitation of cognitive and motor functions seems to be promising. Cortical pyramidal populations Diagnosis and prediction of cognitive decline!

21 Thank you for your attention My co-workers Claudio Del Percio, Fabrizio Vecchio The father of EEG: H. Berger

Frontoparietal Cortex Controls Spatial Attention through Modulation of Anticipatory Alpha Rhythms

The Journal of Neuroscience, May 6, 2009 29(18):5863 5872 5863 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Frontoparietal Cortex Controls Spatial Attention through Modulation of Anticipatory Alpha Rhythms Paolo Capotosto,