Human Abilities 1. Understanding the user
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1 Human Abilities 1 Understanding the user
2 Human Capabilities Ø Ø Ø Why do we care? (better design!) Want to improve user performance and preferences Knowing the user informs the design 1. Senses 2. Information processing systems 3. Physical responding 4. Motivations 5. Social Attachments Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
3 Overview I. Senses A. Vision B. Hearing C. Touch D. Smell? II. Information processing A. Perceptual B. Cognitive 1. Memory a. Short term b. Medium term c. Long term 2. Processes a. Selective attention b. Learning c. Problem solving d. Language C. Motor system III. Motor system IV. Motivations V. Social Attachments Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
4 ØSight, hearing, touch important for current HCI v smell, taste??? I. Senses ØAbilities and limitations affect design Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
5 Vision ØVisual System v Eye v Retina v Neural pathway ~ 80% of brain s operation Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
6 Ø Sensitivity v luminance: 10-6 ~10 7 ml (see notes) Ø Acuity v detection, alignment, recognition (visual angle) v retinal position: fovea has best acuity Ø Movement v tracking, reading, vibrations Ø Note: Vision decreases with age Ø Implications (??) v Font size & location depends on task v Much done by context & grouping Visual Abilities Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
7 Color Vision ØColor & the retina v 380 (blue) ~ 770nm (red) v Problems with cones or ganglion cells causes problems with color perception v (not really color blindness ) v 8% males, 0.5% females Ø Implications (??) v avoid saturated colors v color coding should be redundant when possible Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
8 Perception Matters in Usability ØRead-flow principle: v Action items (buttons, links) should support the flow of the user in the same way as reading occurs. v The last action should be the most-likely action to avoid backtracking. v Left=back, stop, quit, cancel, previous v Right=next, continue, submit << Previous Slide Next Slide >> Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
9 Read flow FLOWS DOES NOT FLOW Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
10 Hearing ØCapabilities (best-case scenario) v pitch - frequency (20-20,000 Hz) v loudness - amplitude (30-100dB) v location (5 source & stream separation) v timbre - type of sound (lots of instruments) ØImplications (??) Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
11 Touch ØThree main sensations handled by different types of receptors: v Pressure (normal) v Intense pressure (heat/pain) v Temperature (hot/cold) ØSensitivity, Dexterity, Flexibility, Speed ØWhere important? v Mouse, Other I/O, VR, surgery Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
12 Overview I. Senses A. Vision B. Hearing C. Touch D. Smell? II. Information processing A. Perceptual B. Cognitive 1. Memory a. Short term b. Medium term c. Long term 2. Processes a. Selective attention b. Learning c. Problem solving d. Language C. Motor system III. Motor system IV. Motivations V. Social Attachments Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
13 ØCapabilities III. Motor System v Range of movement, reach, speed, strength, dexterity, accuracy ØOften cause of errors v Wrong button v Double-click vs. single click ØPrinciples v Feedback is important v Minimize eye movement Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
14 Project (D1) Ø Part 1 - Understanding the problem v Discovery process v In UCD terms, determine Context, Domain, Users, Needs/Wants, Tasks, and their design implications v Who is it, what do they need to do, and where? v Interpretive evaluation of current interface, if it exists v Establish objectives, requirements for (re)design Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
15 Reminder: UCD 9 Steps 1. Define the Context 2. Describe the User 3. Needs & Task Analysis 4. Function Allocation & Information Architecture 5. System Layout / Basic Design 6. Mockups & Prototypes 7. Usability Testing 8. Iterative Test & Redesign 9. Updates & Maintenance PROJECT PART 1 Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
16 1. Define the Context ØContext: the type of uses, applications v Life critical systems, applications v Industrial, commercial, military, scientific, consumer v Office, home, entertainment v Exploratory, creative, cooperative ØMarket ØCustomer (not the same as the User) Design Impacts? Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
17 2. Describe the User (!!) Ø Physical attributes (age, gender, size, reach, visual angles, etc ) Ø Physical work places (table height, sound levels, lighting, software version ) Ø Perceptual abilities (hearing, vision, heat sensitivity ) Ø Cognitive abilities (memory span, reading level, musical training, math ) Ø Personality and social traits (likes, dislikes, preferences, patience ) Ø Cultural and international diversity (languages, dialog box flow, symbols ) Ø Special populations, (dis)abilities Design Implications?! Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
18 3. Task & Needs Analysis ØTalk to and observe users doing what they do; find out what they want/need to do ØNeeds/wants, surveys, focus groups ØExplore the PROBLEM SPACE ØList each and every TASK ABSTRACT into standard tasks Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
19 Upcoming ØMore on human abilities (cognition, social aspects) ØBrainstorming methods Fall 2018 PSYCH / CS
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