ABO & RHESUS BLOOD GROUP FREQUENCY IN RAJKOT POPULATION (A FOUR YEAR STUDY , 2010, 2011, 2012)

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1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE ABO & RHESUS BLOOD GROUP FREQUENCY IN RAJKOT POPULATION (A FOUR YEAR STUDY , 2010, 2011, 2012) Amit H Agravat 1, Amit A Gharia 2 *, Gauravi A Dhruva 3 1 Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot Resident Doctor, Department of Pathology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot Professor & Head, Department of Pathology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The ABO and Rhesus blood groups were discovered and identified in 1900 and 1939 respectively [20]. Since years ABO system & Rh system is of prime importance at global level for primary screening & identification. This study hence includes the frequency of various blood groups in past 4 years in Rajkot population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study of commonly occurring ABO & Rh (Rhesus) blood groups in past 4 years i.e., 2009, 2010, 2011 & 2012 was done. A total of blood were selected and screened for this study within age group of 18 to 55 years & both sexes were included. This study was carried out in Blood bank, P. D. U. Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot. RESULTS: From above results, our study has determined the distribution frequency of ABO & Rh blood groups in Rajkot. Our result states that blood group B is the most common followed by O blood group. The frequency of the blood groups according to the present study ; B+ve 34.1%, O+ve31.3%, A+ve 21%, AB+ve 7.98%, B neg 2%, O neg 1.82%, A neg 1.33%, & rarest being AB neg 0.44%. Also the Rh group positive are 94.37% & Rh neg less common with 5.63% prevalence. CONCLUSION: Blood group B is the commonest blood group in Rajkot population, followed by O, A, & AB. Also, Rh positive have 94.37% prevalence & Rh negative with 5.63%. Keywords: ABO, Rh,Blood groups frequency, INTRODUCTION The ABO and Rhesus blood groups were discovered and identified in 1900 and 1939 respectively. 1-4 At present the ABO blood group system is the only system in which antibodies are consistently and predictably present in the serum of normal individuals whose red cells lack the antigens. The ABO system remains by far the most significant for blood transfusion. The ABO system includes many phenotypes and several antibody specificities. The second type of blood group is the Rhesus [Rh] system. It includes only two Rhesus phenotypes i.e. rhesus positive and rhesus negative, depending on whether Rh antigen is present on the red cells or not. *Corresponding Author Dr. Gharia Amit A D-38, High Rise Building, 10 th Floor, Jamtower chowk Jamnagar Road, Rajkot , Gujarat (India) E mail: dramit11@rediffmail.com The D antigen, after A and B, is the most important red cell antigen in transfusion practice. Unlike the situation with A and B, persons whose red cells lack the D antigen do not regularly have anti-d in their serum. 5-9 Formation of antibody almost always results from exposure, through either transfusion or pregnancy, to the immunizing red cells possessing the D antigen. There are many different Blood group systems in existence but since years ABO system & Rh system is of prime importance at global level for primary screening & identification, because in other blood group systems: 1) Antigens are quite weak, 10 2) Most of the have naturally occurring antibodies like ABO system, ) If at all antibodies are present, they react at low temperature and not at 37 C like ABO & Rh system. This study hence includes the frequency of various blood groups in past 4 years in Rajkot population. In today s world, where blood transfusion is the center of Clinical management, and it is estimated that the management of thalassemic child costs about more than 90,000 to 1, 00,000 rupees per year for blood transfusions 14,15 this study of prevalence of the commonest & rarest blood group will be helpful. 67 Int J Res Med. 2013; 2(2);67-71 e ISSN: p ISSN:

MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study of 37631 total blood was carried out in past 4 years (2009, 2010, 2011 &2012) in Blood bank of P. D. U.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study of total blood was carried out in past 4 years (2009, 2010, 2011 &2012) in Blood bank of P. D. U. Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot, which is considered to be the capital of Saurashtra region of Gujarat state, India, with an average donation of 9400 per year. There are various methods for Blood Groups detection those includes slide method, tile method, & tube method but we have adopted tube testing method, as it is relevant, recommended and advantageous because the centrifugation involved enhances the reaction allowing weaker antibodies to be detected. For the detection of blood group, one drop antisera A, B, Anti-D was taken in labeled test tube. One drop of 2-5% red cell suspension was added to each drop of typing serum. After mixing well; it was kept at 37 C for 45 minutes & resuspended the cell button & then observed for agglutination. Negative results were confirmed microscopically. RESULTS The study of in Rajkot of age 18 to 55 years both males & females showed following facts. Table 1: Total blood donations in 2009, 2010, 2011& 2012 Figure 1: Pie Diagram showing frequency of different Blood Groups 1 = B group (36%) 2 = O group (33%) 3 = A group (22%) 4 = AB group (9%) Figure 2: Bar diagram showing number of blood in group wise distribution in Rajkot population in 4 years 2009, 2010, 2011 & 2012 B>O>A>AB (Blood Groups) Year TOTAL DONORS Number of blood A B O AB X axis- year, Y axis- Number of 68 Int J Res Med. 2013; 2(2);67-71 e ISSN: p ISSN:

3 Table 2: Table showing number of total blood particular to corresponding blood groups in Percentage in 4 years (2009, 2010, 2011 & 2012) Group Blood Donors % A +ve A -ve B +ve B -ve O +ve O -ve AB +ve AB -ve Total Table 3: Number of blood particular to corresponding groups & frequency of blood groups in Percentage in Rajkot population in 2009, 2010, 2011 & 2012 Groups Total A +ve A -ve B +ve B -ve O +ve O -ve AB +ve AB -ve Total % Table 4: Rh Blood group frequency in the present study Group Total % Rh Positive Rh Negative Total Int J Res Med. 2013; 2(2);67-71 e ISSN: p ISSN:

4 Table 5: The prevalence of ABO & Rh groups nationally & internationally ABO & Rhesus Blood Group Frequency Regions A B O AB Rh +ve Rh Present study Gujarat Maharashtra ve Bangalore 8,10, Kashmir 4, India Pakistan Saudi Arabia Germany England DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From above results, our study has determined the distribution frequency of ABO & Rh blood groups in Rajkot. Our result states that blood group B is the most common followed by O blood group. The frequency of the blood groups according to the present study ; B+ve 34.1%, O+ve31.3%, A+ve 21%, AB+ve 7.98%, B -ve 2%, O -ve 1.82%, A -ve 1.33%, & rarest being AB -ve 0.44%. Also the Rh group positive are 94.37% & Rh -ve less common with 5.63% prevalence. Population across various regions of India & worldwide differ in distribution of blood group phenotypes as per above observation.in Gujarat & Maharashtra B blood group is most common followed by blood group O 12,16-18 which is in accordance with our present study, whereas in Bangalore, Kashmir & India as whole has O blood group with the common frequency followed by B blood group. 10,5,3 In England and Germany, A blood group is the most common followed by O blood group 6,7,19,20 This difference in phenotype of blood groups is due to the prevalence of autosomal genes at various geographic regions. Due to the autosomal inheritance male & female data does not affect the frequency blood group phenotype.from our observation we can correlate why diseases like peptic ulcer which is common in blood group O & stomach carcinoma which is common in A blood group are prevalent in different parts of world by geographical distribution of blood groups. REFERENCES 1. Matthew NT. Relation between stature and blood group among Indian soldiers. Sankhaya : Swadesh A. ABO blood group in relation to eosinophilia. Anthropologist 1961; Bhat NA, Kammili MA, Kadla SA, Nafae A. Frequency of blood groups in and recipients. The Indian Practitioner 1999 (March) 52; 3: Beinab MA, Talib, Lulu A, Al-Nuaim, Mohsen AF, El-Hazini, Arjumand S, Warsy. Blood groups in Saudi Obstetric patients. Saudi Medical Journal (3). 5. Boyd WC, and Boyd Lyle G. The blood groups and types of the Ramath Navaho. Amer J Phys. Anthrop 1949, 7: Kpec, Ada C; The distribution of the blood groups in the United Kingdom, London, New York (etc), Oxford University Press 1970 ; 10:146pp. 7. Walter H and Arndt-Hanser ANNY. Populations gene tische Unter suchungen in s Mittelrhein Bebiet. Gottingen, etc, Musterschmidt, 1967, 59pp (Homo, Suppl. No.2). 8. Nanu A, Thapliyal RM. Blood group gene frequency in a selected north Indian population. Indian J Med Res 1997;106: Int J Res Med. 2013; 2(2);67-71 e ISSN: p ISSN:

5 9. Afzal M, Ziaur-Rehman, Hussain F, Siddiqi R. A survey of blood groups. J Pak Med Assoc 1977; 27: Das PK, Nair SC, Harris VK, Rose D, Mammen JJ, Bose YN, et al. Distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups among blood in a tertiary care centre in South India. Trop Doct 2001; 31: Reddy KS, Sudha G. ABO and Rh(D) blood groups among the DesuriReddis of Chittur District, Andhra Pradesh. Anthrapologist 2009; 11:237-8.Infectious disease markers in blood at Central Referral Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim. 12. Mukherjee BN, Malhotra KC, Das SK, Mazumder PP, Monami Roy, Kate SL, Sainani GS. (1979).Genetic polymorphism analysis among nine endogamous population groups of Maharashtra-India. 13. Journal of Human Evolution; Vol. 8, 6: Mastana SS, Papiha SS. (1994). Genetic structure and Microdifferentiation among four endogamous groups of Maharashtra, Western India. Annals of Human Genetics; Vol. 21, Pujara Krupal, Gauravi Dhruva, Oza Haren, Agravat Amit, Dadhania Bhoomika Prevelance of anaemia, Thalassemia and Sickle Cell anaemia in medical students: A three year cross-sectional study in PDU Medical college Rajkot, IJORIM. 2013;(2)1; Kpec, Ada C; The distribution of the blood groups in the United Kingdom, London, New York (etc), Oxford University Press 1970 ; 10:146pp. 17. Census of India. Data from the 2001 Census includes cities, villages and towns (Provisional) Spiegelhalter DJ, Thomas A, Best NG, Lunn D. WinBug program version 1.4. Biostatistics Unit. Cambridge Asiatic Journal of Biotechnology Resources. 20. Mollison PL. The genetic basis of Rh blood group system. Transfusion 1994;34: Int J Res Med. 2013; 2(2);67-71 e ISSN: p ISSN:

Prevalence of ABO & Rh blood among the population residing in and around Guwahati - A retrospective study

International Journal of Sciences & Applied Research www.ijsar.in Prevalence of ABO & Rh blood among the population residing in and around Guwahati - A retrospective study D. Saharia 1 and Reeta Baishya