GCP-2. Alternative names. Discovery. Structure. Anja Wuyts*, Paul Proost and Jo Van Damme SUMMARY BACKGROUND
|
|
- Adelia Stevenson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Anja Wuyts*, Paul Proost and Jo Van Damme Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute ± University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, 3000, Belgium * corresponding author tel: , fax: , anja.wuyts@rega.kuleuven.ac.be DOI: /rwcy SUMMARY The primary structures of human, bovine, and murine granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 () (61±67% homology) were disclosed by amino acid sequence analysis of purified natural protein. chemoattracts neutrophilic granulocytes and induces enzyme release and an increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in these cells in vitro and has proinflammatory properties in vivo. Human, bovine, and murine occur as different N- terminally truncated forms. In contrast to human, for murine C-terminally extended forms (e.g. LIX) have also been isolated. For human and bovine, no difference in potency is observed between these isoforms, whereas for murine, N-terminal as well as C-terminal truncation result in increased specific activity. Similar to IL-8, but in contrast to the other ELR + CXC chemokines, human can efficiently activate cells by binding to CXCR1 and CXCR2. For human and murine, the cdna has been cloned. BACKGROUND Discovery Human granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 () was originally isolated as a granulocyte chemotactic factor from conditioned medium of human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells stimulated with a cytokine mixture (Proost et al., 1993a). It was separated from the simultaneously produced CXC chemokines IL-8, GRO, GRO, and IP-10 by four purification steps (adsorption to controlled pore glass beads, heparin- Sepharose affinity chromatography, cation-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography and reversedphase HPLC) (Proost et al., 1993a). Using the same purification procedure as for human, the bovine equivalent of was purified from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated bovine kidney (MDBK) cells (Proost et al., 1993b). Murine was identified as a neutrophil chemotactic factor produced by PMA-stimulated thymic epithelial (MTEC1) cells as well as by MO fibroblasts stimulated with a combination of LPS and poly(riboinosinic acid) poly(ribocytidylic acid) (poly(ri:rc)) Alternative names Bovine ENA-78, isolated from LPS-stimulated monocytes and alveolar macrophages, is identical to bovine (Allman-Iselin et al., 1994). The amino acid sequence of natural murine corresponds to the cdna-derived sequence of murine LIX (LPSinduced CXC chemokine), which was cloned from LPS-stimulated fibroblasts (Smith and Herschman, 1995). Structure Only the primary structure of has been determined. The proteins contain the four characteristic cysteines of chemokines and show the ELR- and CXC-motif in the N-terminal region (Proost et al., 1993b; Wuyts et al., 1996). As shown for other chemokines, disulfide bridges will be formed between the first and third and between the second and fourth cysteine residue.
2 1070 Anja Wuyts, Paul Proost and Jo Van Damme Main activities and pathophysiological roles chemoattracts and activates (intracellular calcium increase, enzyme release) neutrophilic granulocytes in vitro. The protein induces local neutrophil accumulation and plasma extravasation in vivo, indicating a role in inflammation (Proost et al., 1993a,b; Wuyts et al., 1996, 1997a, 2000). GENE AND GENE REGULATION Accession numbers Human : U83303, Y08770 Murine : U27267 Chromosome location The human gene is localized on the long arm of chromosome 4 (Modi and Chen, 1998). Regulatory sites and corresponding transcription factors The human gene consists of four exons and three introns. The region 3 0 of the -coding region contains three polyadenylation signals and multiple copies of the ATTTA motif, which are associated with rapid message degradation. The promoter has potential binding sites for AP-2, NF-IL6, and NFB transcription factors (Rovai et al., 1997). Cells and tissues that express the gene IL-1 and LPS are inducers of human mrna expression in diploid fibroblasts, MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, and monocytic THP-1 cells. In contrast, IFN has no effect or downregulates mrna in these cell types (Table 1) (Rovai et al., 1997; Froyen et al., 1997; Van Damme et al., 1997). Whereas PMA and dsrna stimulate expression in MG-63 cells, they downregulate mrna in THP-1 cells (Froyen et al., 1997; Van Damme et al., 1997). Dexamethasone attenuates the TNF-induced expression in MG-63 cells(rovai et al., 1997). Human mrna is upregulated in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected endometrial epithelial cells (Wyrick et al., 1999) and is constitutively expressed in heart, lung, liver, and Table 1 Regulation of human mrna expression in different cell types Cell type IL-1 IFN TNF LPS dsrna PMA Fibroblasts + 0 nd MG-63 cells THP-1 cells + nd + nd, not determined; +, increased expression; 0, no effect;, decreased expression. pancreas, but not or weakly in brain, kidney, and placenta tissue (Van Damme et al., 1997). Murine mrna is induced in fibroblasts by LPS and by TGF1, but it is not expressed in LPSstimulated macrophages. Dexamethasone attenuates the LPS-induced mrna expression in fibroblasts (Smith and Herschman, 1995). In mice, mrna can be detected in the lung, but not in other organs. However, after intravenous administration of LPS, mrna is expressed by a variety of tissues. LPS-induced expression is strongest in the heart, intermediate in lung, spleen, bowel, kidney, and skeletal muscle, and weakest in brain and liver. This pattern of expression is different from that of the other murine ELR + CXC chemokines KC and MIP-2. The induction of mrna in acute endotoxemia is delayedcomparedtothatofkcandmip-2,and mrnaremainselevatedforalongerperiodoftime.the difference in tissue distribution of expression and in kinetics of induction indicate that these three murine ELR + CXC chemokines are regulated differently (Rovai et al., 1998). The LPS-induced expression of murine mrna in lung, small bowel, heart, liver, and spleen is attenuated by endogenous glucocorticoids. However, in brain, the expression is increased by dexamethasone, indicating that might mediate a function in brain distinct from its proinflammatory role as a neutrophil chemoattractant. In contrast to, endotoxemia-induced lung expression of KC and MIP-2 is insensitive to glucocorticoids (Rovai et al., 1998). Murine mrna in the lung is also increased during staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced acute lung inflammation (Neumann et al., 1998). PROTEIN Accession numbers Human : P80162 Bovine : P80221 Murine : P50228
3 1071 Sequence The primary structure of (75 residues) (Figure 1) was first determined by N-terminal and internal amino acid sequence analysis of purified natural protein (Proost et al., 1993b). The sequence was confirmed by cloning of the human cdna and gene, except for two additional amino acids at the C-terminus (Froyen et al., 1997; Rovai et al., 1997). The cdna encodes a 114 residue protein, including a 37 amino acid signal peptide (Rovai et al., 1997). contains four cysteine residues and shows the ELR and CXC motif. Bovine contains 75 amino acids and has 67% identical amino acids with human (Proost et al., 1993b). The murine cdna encodes a protein of 92 amino acids after cleavage of a 40- residue signal peptide (Smith and Herschman, 1995). Description of protein Human is a 6 kda protein which occurs as four different N-terminally truncated forms (77, 75, 72, and 69 amino acids). These isoforms are separated by reversed-phase HPLC (Proost et al., 1993a,b). Similarly, in addition to intact bovine (5 kda, 75 amino acids), isoforms missing 6, 7, and 8 N- terminal amino acids have been purified from bovine kidney cells (Proost et al., 1993b). Bovine, isolated from LPS-stimulated monocytes and alveolar macrophages, is missing five amino acids at the N- terminus (Allman-Iselin et al., 1994). Murine, isolated from epithelial cells and fibroblasts, occurs as 28 different N- and/or C-terminally truncated isoforms, containing from 69 ((10±78)) up to 92 ((1±92)) amino acids. These isoforms correspond to protein bands of 6 to 9.5 kda on SDS- PAGE In contrast to human and bovine, the murine Figure 1 Amino acid sequence for human, bovine, and murine. Signal sequences are underlined. Human MSLPSSRAAR VPGPSGSLCA LLALLLLLTP PGPLASAGPV SAVLTELRCT CLRVTLRVNP KTIGKLQVFP AGPQCSKVEV VASLKNGKQV CLDPEAPFLK KVIQKILDSG NKKN Bovine GPVAAVVREL RCVCLTTTPG IHPKTVSDLQ VIAAGPQCSK VEVIATLKNG REVCLDPEAP LIKKIVQKIL DSGKN Murine MSLQLRSSAH IPSGSSSPFM RMAPLAFLLL FTLPQHLAEA APSSVIAATE LRCVCLTVTP KINPKLIANL EVIPAGPQCP TVEVIAKLKN QKEVCLDPEA PVIKKIIQKI LGSDKKKAKR NALAVERTAS VQ isoforms are not completely separated by reversedphase HPLC. This final purification step yields fractions containing mixtures of forms truncated at the N- and/or C-terminus. These naturally truncated forms shortened (S) at the N-terminus or C- terminus, compared to longer (L) forms, are designated (SS), (SL), (LS), and (LL), respectively Discussion of crystal structure The crystal structure of has not been determined, but is supposed to be similar to that of IL-8. Important homologies Human is highly homologous to human ENA-78 (77% identical amino acids), whereas it shows only low homology to IL-8 (30% identical amino acids) (Table 2). Bovine has 67% identical amino acids with human and 72% with human ENA-78 (Proost et al., 1993b). However, bovine shows a similar elution profile on cation-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC as human and is therefore considered to be the equivalent of human. Murine GCP- 2(1±78) has 64%, 61%, and 55% identical amino acids with bovine, human, and human ENA-78, respectively (Wuyts et al., 1996) (Table 2). Posttranslational modifications does not contain N-glycosylation sites. The calculated molecular mass for human and bovine (8312 and 7927 Da, respectively) is higher than their relative molecular mass (6 and 5 kda, respectively) deduced from SDS-PAGE (Proost et al., 1993b). Furthermore, synthetic nonglycosylated Table 2 Structural comparison (% identical residues) of the amino acid sequence of, IL-8, and ENA-78 Human Bovine Murine Human IL-8 Human 100 Bovine Murine Human IL Human ENA
4 1072 Anja Wuyts, Paul Proost and Jo Van Damme human and murine show identical biochemical (elution profiles during purification, relative molecular mass on SDS-PAGE) and biological properties to that of the natural protein, indicating that there is probably no glycosylation (Wuyts et al., 1997a, 2000). For human, bovine, and murine, different N-terminally processed forms have been identified (Proost et al., 1993a,b; Wuyts et al., 1996). In addition, several C-terminally extended forms of murine have been isolated from natural cellular sources CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) has been shown to remove the dipeptide from human, yielding (3±77) (Proost et al., 1998). CELLULAR SOURCES AND TISSUE EXPRESSION Cellular sources that produce Human protein was isolated from cytokinestimulated MG-63 osteosarcoma cells (Proost et al., 1993a). The bovine equivalent is produced by kidney cells, monocytes, alveolar macrophages and endometrial epithelial cells (Proost et al., 1993b; Allman- Iselin et al., 1994; Staggs et al., 1998; Austin et al., 1999). Murine was purified from conditioned medium of stimulated thymic epithelial cells and fibroblasts Eliciting and inhibitory stimuli including exogenous and endogenous modulators production by osteosarcoma cells is induced with a mixture of cytokines, derived from mitogenstimulated mononuclear cells (Proost et al., 1993a). However, the exact nature of protein induction has not yet been studied due to the lack of a specific ELISA. Bovine kidney cells and monocytes produce after stimulation with PMA and LPS, respectively (Proost et al., 1993b; Allman-Iselin et al., 1994). IFN, IFN, PMA, and pregnancy-specific protein B are inducers of bovine in endometrial epithelial cells (Staggs et al., 1998; Austin et al., 1999). Bovine has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in inflamed lung tissues in cases of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis; it was detected in the alveolar epithelial cells, mesothelial cells, endothelial cells and leukocytes (Allman-Iselin et al., 1994). PMA and LPS plus dsrna induce the production of murine in epithelial cells and fibroblasts, respectively RECEPTOR UTILIZATION Human induces an increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in human neutrophils, which is completely prevented by pertussis toxin, whereas cholera toxin does not inhibit this increase. This was the first indication that acts on neutrophils through pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors. The increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in response to is abolished or strongly reduced after stimulation of neutrophils with equimolar concentrations of or the other ELR + CXC chemokines IL-8, GRO, GRO, and ENA-78. Alternatively, desensitizes the calcium response of neutrophils induced by ENA-78, GRO, GRO, and IL-8, indicating that shares its receptor(s) and/or signal transduction pathways with the other ELR + CXC chemokines (Wuyts et al., 1997a). The precise receptor usage of has further been studied using CXCR1 and CXCR2 transfectants (Wuyts et al., 1997a, 1998). is equally potent and efficient at inducing a calcium rise in both CXCR1- and CXCR2-transfected cells, whereas the related ENA-78 is a better stimulus for CXCR2- than for CXCR1-transfected cells (Figure 2a,b) (Wuyts et al., 1998). In contrast, IL-8 is more potent to induce a calcium increase in CXCR1 than in CXCR2 transfectants. inhibits the calcium increase induced by IL-8 in both transfected cell types and vice versa, whereas ENA-78 can only inhibit the IL-8-induced response in CXCR2-transfected cells. This indicates that CXCR2 is shared by IL-8,, and ENA-78, whereas the CXCR1-mediated calcium mobilization is efficiently activated by IL-8 and, but not by ENA-78. In addition,, like IL-8, chemoattracts CXCR1- and CXCR2-transfected cells with a similar potency, whereas ENA-78 is more potent to attract CXCR2 transfectants (Figure 2c,d). Furthermore, can displace 125 I-labeled IL-8 from both CXCR1 and CXCR2, whereas ENA-78 can only displace IL-8 from CXCR2 (Figure 2e,f ). In conclusion, can activate cells through both CXCR1 and CXCR2, whereas ENA-78 is an efficient ligand for CXCR2 only (Wuyts et al., 1998). Comparison of the primary structures of and IL-8 revealed that both chemokines contain a basic amino acid (Arg20 and Lys15, respectively) at position 6 after the second cysteine, whereas no basic residue is present in the other ELR + CXC chemokines. Lys15 has previously been shown to be important for IL-8 binding to CXCR1 (SchraufstaÈ tter et al.,
5 1073 Figure 2 CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptor usage by human. The ability of human to induce an increase in [Ca 2+ ] i (a, b) and chemotaxis (c, d) of CXCR1- (a, c) and CXCR2- (b, d) transfected cells and to displace 125 I-labeled IL-8 from CXCR1 (e) and CXCR2 (f ) was compared with that of ENA-78 and IL- 8. Results show that in addition to IL-8, also can activate cells through both CXCR1 and CXCR2, whereas ENA-78 is a much better ligand for CXCR ). Substitution of Arg20 of by Gly (GCP- 2(R20G)) shows that this basic residue is indeed important for activation of cells through CXCR1. (R20G) and wild-type induce similar responses (calcium increase, migration) in CXCR2 transfectants, whereas CXCR1-expressing cells do not respond to the variant (Wolf et al., 1998). According to these findings, murine and MIP-2, both containing a basic residue at position 6 after the second cysteine residue (Lys21 and Arg17, respectively), induce a calcium rise in both CXCR1- and CXCR2-transfected cells. However, both proteins are more potent to signal through CXCR2 than through CXCR1 (Wuyts et al., 2000).
NH2- and COOH-Terminal Truncations of Murine Granulocyte Chemotactic Protein-2 Augment the In Vitro and In Vivo Neutrophil Chemotactic Potency
This information is current as of June 11, 2013. References Subscriptions Permissions Email Alerts NH2- and COOH-Terminal Truncations of Murine Granulocyte Chemotactic Protein-2 Augment the In Vitro and
More informationDiscovery. Gerry Graham* and Rob Nibbs SUMMARY BACKGROUND
D6 Gerry Graham* and Rob Nibbs Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, The Beaton Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate Switchback Road, Bearsdon, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK * corresponding author tel:
More informationMIG. Structure. Main activities and pathophysiological roles. Discovery. Accession numbers. Alternative names. Joshua Marion Farber* SUMMARY
MIG Joshua Marion Farber* Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room 11N-228, MSC 1888, Bethesda, MD 0892-1888, USA * corresponding
More informationBasis of Immunology and
Basis of Immunology and Immunophysiopathology of Infectious Diseases Jointly organized by Institut Pasteur in Ho Chi Minh City and Institut Pasteur with kind support from ANRS & Université Pierre et Marie
More informationCYTOKINE RECEPTORS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
CYTOKINE RECEPTORS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION What is Cytokine? Secreted popypeptide (protein) involved in cell-to-cell signaling. Acts in paracrine or autocrine fashion through specific cellular receptors.
More informationChapter 11 CYTOKINES
Chapter 11 CYTOKINES group of low molecular weight regulatory proteins secreted by leukocytes as well as a variety of other cells in the body (8~30kD) regulate the intensity and duration of the immune
More informationThe recruitment of leukocytes and plasma proteins from the blood to sites of infection and tissue injury is called inflammation
The migration of a particular type of leukocyte into a restricted type of tissue, or a tissue with an ongoing infection or injury, is often called leukocyte homing, and the general process of leukocyte
More informationCORSO DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN PATOLOGIA E NEUROPATOLOGIA SPERIMENTALI CICLO XXIII
SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE BIOMEDICHE CLINICHE E SPERIMENTALI DIPARTIMENTO DI MEDICINA TRASLAZIONALE CORSO DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN PATOLOGIA E NEUROPATOLOGIA SPERIMENTALI CICLO XXIII BIOLOGICAL
More informationCell-Derived Inflammatory Mediators
Cell-Derived Inflammatory Mediators Introduction about chemical mediators in inflammation Mediators may be Cellular mediators cell-produced or cell-secreted derived from circulating inactive precursors,
More informationCYTOKINES. Marion C. Cohen, Ph.D. MSB C
CYTOKINES Marion C. Cohen, Ph.D. MSB C538 973-972-5995 cohenma@umdnj.edu Last week s EMT group was at full strength, although they were now tossing around phrases like cytokines and pyruvic acid. A Few
More informationCytokines modulate the functional activities of individual cells and tissues both under normal and pathologic conditions Interleukins,
Cytokines http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter22/animation the_immune_response.html Cytokines modulate the functional activities of individual cells and tissues both under
More informationCytokines, adhesion molecules and apoptosis markers. A comprehensive product line for human and veterinary ELISAs
Cytokines, adhesion molecules and apoptosis markers A comprehensive product line for human and veterinary ELISAs IBL International s cytokine product line... is extremely comprehensive. The assays are
More informationThe Immune Response in Time and Space
The Immune Response in Time and Space Chapters 14 & 4 Sharon S. Evans, Ph.D. Department of Immunology 845-3421 sharon.evans@roswellpark.org September 18 & 23, 2014 Inflammation Inflammation Complex response
More informationT-cell activation T cells migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues where they interact with antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and other lymphocytes:
Interactions between innate immunity & adaptive immunity What happens to T cells after they leave the thymus? Naïve T cells exit the thymus and enter the bloodstream. If they remain in the bloodstream,
More informationT-cell activation T cells migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues where they interact with antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and other lymphocytes:
Interactions between innate immunity & adaptive immunity What happens to T cells after they leave the thymus? Naïve T cells exit the thymus and enter the bloodstream. If they remain in the bloodstream,
More informationEffector T Cells and
1 Effector T Cells and Cytokines Andrew Lichtman, MD PhD Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 2 Lecture outline Cytokines Subsets of CD4+ T cells: definitions, functions, development New
More informationTrim29 gene-targeting strategy. (a) Genotyping of wildtype mice (+/+), Trim29 heterozygous mice (+/ ) and homozygous mice ( / ).
Supplementary Figure 1 Trim29 gene-targeting strategy. (a) Genotyping of wildtype mice (+/+), Trim29 heterozygous mice (+/ ) and homozygous mice ( / ). (b) Immunoblot analysis of TRIM29 in lung primary
More informationACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS. Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT
ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT Types of Adaptive Immunity Types of T Cell-mediated Immune Reactions CTLs = cytotoxic T lymphocytes
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:1.138/nature9814 a A SHARPIN FL B SHARPIN ΔNZF C SHARPIN T38L, F39V b His-SHARPIN FL -1xUb -2xUb -4xUb α-his c Linear 4xUb -SHARPIN FL -SHARPIN TF_LV -SHARPINΔNZF -SHARPIN
More informationChemical aspects of the cell. Chemicals that control cell signaling: chemotaxis
Chemical aspects of the cell Chemicals that control cell signaling: chemotaxis Cellular responses Chemotaxis Cellular response to an environmental substance with a directional movement. Chemokinesis Cellular
More informationM.Sc. III Semester Biotechnology End Semester Examination, 2013 Model Answer LBTM: 302 Advanced Immunology
Code : AS-2246 M.Sc. III Semester Biotechnology End Semester Examination, 2013 Model Answer LBTM: 302 Advanced Immunology A. Select one correct option for each of the following questions:- 2X10=10 1. (b)
More informationCytokines (II) Dr. Aws Alshamsan Department of Pharmaceu5cs Office: AA87 Tel:
Cytokines (II) Dr. Aws Alshamsan Department of Pharmaceu5cs Office: AA87 Tel: 4677363 aalshamsan@ksu.edu.sa Learning Objectives By the end of this lecture you will be able to: 1 Understand the physiological
More informationInsulin Resistance. Biol 405 Molecular Medicine
Insulin Resistance Biol 405 Molecular Medicine Insulin resistance: a subnormal biological response to insulin. Defects of either insulin secretion or insulin action can cause diabetes mellitus. Insulin-dependent
More informationAttribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Attribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
More informationChapter 3, Part A (Pages 37-45): Leukocyte Migration into Tissues
Allergy and Immunology Review Corner: Chapter 3, Part A (pages 37-45) of Cellular and Molecular Immunology (Seventh Edition), by Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman and Shiv Pillai. Chapter 3, Part A (Pages
More informationTime course of immune response
Time course of immune response Route of entry Route of entry (cont.) Steps in infection Barriers to infection Mf receptors Facilitate engulfment Glucan, mannose Scavenger CD11b/CD18 Allows immediate response
More informationCourtship Pheromone Use in a Model Urodele, the Mexican Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
1 2 Courtship Pheromone Use in a Model Urodele, the Mexican Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) 3 Margo Maex 1, Ines Van Bocxlaer 1, Anneleen Mortier 2, Paul Proost 2 & Franky Bossuyt 1 9 10 11 1 Amphibian Evolution
More informationBasis and Clinical Applications of Interferon
Interferon Therapy Basis and Clinical Applications of Interferon JMAJ 47(1): 7 12, 2004 Jiro IMANISHI Professor, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Abstract: Interferon (IFN) is an antiviral substance
More informationChemokines and trefoil factor peptides in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease
Defensio dissertationis Vienna, 03.10.2017 Chemokines and trefoil factor peptides in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease Doctoral thesis at the Medical University of Vienna for obtaining the
More informationIRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences ISSN Vol. 03 Issue 02 (May, 2016) Paper DOI:
IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences ISSN 2455-4499 Vol. 03 Issue 02 (May, 2016) Paper DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v3.n2.p8 Pathophysiology of Giant Cell Formation in Giant Cell Tumor
More informationImmune response to infection
Immune response to infection Dr. Sandra Nitsche (Sandra.Nitsche@rub.de ) 20.06.2018 1 Course of acute infection Typical acute infection that is cleared by an adaptive immune reaction 1. invasion of pathogen
More informationExamples of questions for Cellular Immunology/Cellular Biology and Immunology
Examples of questions for Cellular Immunology/Cellular Biology and Immunology Each student gets a set of 6 questions, so that each set contains different types of questions and that the set of questions
More informationCytokines. Luděk Šefc. Cytokines Protein regulators of cellular communication. Cytokines x hormones
Cytokines Luděk Šefc Cytokines Protein regulators of cellular communication Cytokines x hormones Hormones Cytokines Production sites few many Cell targets few many Presence in blood yes rarely Biological
More information2? If there is a suboptimum stimulus, the potency of which can relate to ligand affinity
1 Confirmation that T cell receptor activation is digital, not analog. Hence individual T cell cytolytic capacity is independent of initial stimulation strength Abstract. Whether a sub-optimum lymphocyte
More informationACR Meeting November, 2012
ACR Meeting November, 212 Arhalofenate is a Novel Dual-Acting Agent with Uricosuric and Anti-Inflammatory Properties Yun-Jung Choi, Vanina Larroca, Annette Lucman, Vic Vicena, Noe Abarca, Tim Rantz, Brian
More informationT cell maturation. T-cell Maturation. What allows T cell maturation?
T-cell Maturation What allows T cell maturation? Direct contact with thymic epithelial cells Influence of thymic hormones Growth factors (cytokines, CSF) T cell maturation T cell progenitor DN DP SP 2ry
More informationScott Abrams, Ph.D. Professor of Oncology, x4375 Kuby Immunology SEVENTH EDITION
Scott Abrams, Ph.D. Professor of Oncology, x4375 scott.abrams@roswellpark.org Kuby Immunology SEVENTH EDITION CHAPTER 13 Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity Copyright 2013 by W. H.
More informationInnate immune regulation of T-helper (Th) cell homeostasis in the intestine
Innate immune regulation of T-helper (Th) cell homeostasis in the intestine Masayuki Fukata, MD, Ph.D. Research Scientist II Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, F. Widjaja Foundation,
More informationRAS Genes. The ras superfamily of genes encodes small GTP binding proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many cellular processes.
۱ RAS Genes The ras superfamily of genes encodes small GTP binding proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many cellular processes. Oncogenic ras genes in human cells include H ras, N ras,
More informationBIOL212 Biochemistry of Disease. Metabolic Disorders - Obesity
BIOL212 Biochemistry of Disease Metabolic Disorders - Obesity Obesity Approx. 23% of adults are obese in the U.K. The number of obese children has tripled in 20 years. 10% of six year olds are obese, rising
More informationT Cell Effector Mechanisms I: B cell Help & DTH
T Cell Effector Mechanisms I: B cell Help & DTH Ned Braunstein, MD The Major T Cell Subsets p56 lck + T cells γ δ ε ζ ζ p56 lck CD8+ T cells γ δ ε ζ ζ Cα Cβ Vα Vβ CD3 CD8 Cα Cβ Vα Vβ CD3 MHC II peptide
More informationACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY The recognition of specific antigen by naïve T cell induces its own activation and effector phases. T helper cells recognize peptide antigens through
More informationCancer Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, P.O. Box 85800, San Diego CA
[Frontiers in Bioscience 3, d616-630, July 1, 1998] CD44 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Jayne Lesley and Robert Hyman Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, P.O. Box 85800, San Diego
More informationCorso di Laurea Specialistica in Biotecnologie Molecolari aa 2006/2007 Presentazione di Immunologia Molecolare INTERFERON GAMMA.
Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Biotecnologie Molecolari aa 2006/2007 Presentazione di Immunologia Molecolare INTERFERON GAMMA Valentina Grosso The Inteferons 1957: Isaacs and Lindenmann discovered a
More informationInnate Immunity. Chapter 3. Connection Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Know Differences and Provide Examples. Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin
Chapter Know Differences and Provide Examples Innate Immunity kin and Epithelial Barriers Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin -Activity against Gram (-) E. coli Connection Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
More informationDifferentiation-induced Changes of Mediterranean Fever Gene (MEFV) Expression in HL-60 Cell
Differentiation-induced Changes of Mediterranean Fever Gene (MEFV) Expression in HL-60 Cell Wenxin Li Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Abstract MEFV is a human gene that codes for an
More informationIL-17 in health and disease. March 2014 PSO13-C051n
IL-17 in health and disease March 2014 PSO13-C051n Originally Researchers Suggested That IL-12 and IL-4 drove Th Cell Differentiation Naïve CD4 + T cell Question: Which of these cell types is responsible
More information2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 12 Signal Transduction
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 12 Signal Transduction CHAPTER 12 Signal Transduction Key topics: General features of signal transduction Structure and function of G protein coupled receptors Structure
More informationSubject Index. Bcl-2, apoptosis regulation Bone marrow, polymorphonuclear neutrophil release 24, 26
Subject Index A1, apoptosis regulation 217, 218 Adaptive immunity, polymorphonuclear neutrophil role 31 33 Angiogenesis cancer 178 endometrium remodeling 172 HIV Tat induction mechanism 176 inflammatory
More informationCutaneous Immunology: Innate Immune Responses. Skin Biology Lecture Series
Cutaneous Immunology: Innate Immune Responses Skin Biology Lecture Series The Immune Response: Innate and Adaptive Components Source: Wolff, Goldsmith, Katz, Gilchrest, Paller, Leffell. Fitzpatrick s Dermatology
More informationLymphoid System: cells of the immune system. Answer Sheet
Lymphoid System: cells of the immune system Answer Sheet Q1 Which areas of the lymph node have most CD3 staining? A1 Most CD3 staining is present in the paracortex (T cell areas). This is towards the outside
More informationElectrolytes. Summary: (This area will include a brief description of what the protocol is used for and why someone would need to use it.
Electrolytes Version: 1 Edited by: Jason Kim (note that the following list should be linked to the appropriate location.) Summary Reagents and Materials Protocol Reagent Preparation Reagent 1 Reagent 2
More informationReview Article Understanding the Role of Chemokines and Cytokines in Experimental Models of Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Hindawi Immunology Research Volume 2017, Article ID 7261980, 5 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7261980 Review Article Understanding the Role of Chemokines and Cytokines in Experimental Models of Herpes
More informationRAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM:
RAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: To Distinguish Self from Non-Self Thereby Protecting Us From Our Hostile Environment. Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity Innate immunity: (Antigen nonspecific) defense
More informationInnate Immunity II. Integration. Lindsay Nicholson Advanced Immunology L2
Innate Immunity II Integration Lindsay Nicholson Advanced Immunology L2 l.nicholson@bristol.ac.uk Lecture 1 Defining Innate Immunity Recognition and effector mechanisms (I) Lecture 2 Recognition and effector
More informationMuramyl dipeptide activation of nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain 2 protects mice from experimental colitis
Research article Muramyl dipeptide activation of nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain 2 protects mice from experimental colitis Tomohiro Watanabe, 1,2 Naoki Asano, 1 Peter J. Murray, 3 Keiko Ozato,
More informationInnate Immunity & Inflammation
Innate Immunity & Inflammation The innate immune system is an evolutionally conserved mechanism that provides an early and effective response against invading microbial pathogens. It relies on a limited
More informationStructure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules
MICR2209 Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules Dr Allison Imrie allison.imrie@uwa.edu.au 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will examine the major receptors used by cells of the innate and
More informationContents The Cytokine System The Discovery of the Brain Immunomodulators
Contents 1 The Cytokine System... 1 1.1 Inducible Character of Cytokine Formation and Reception... 1 1.2 Locality of Cytokine Action... 2 1.3 Superfluity of Cytokine System... 2 1.4 Interrelationship and
More informationSupplementary fig. 1. Crystals induce necroptosis does not involve caspases, TNF receptor or NLRP3. A. Mouse tubular epithelial cells were pretreated
Supplementary fig. 1. Crystals induce necroptosis does not involve caspases, TNF receptor or NLRP3. A. Mouse tubular epithelial cells were pretreated with zvad-fmk (10µM) and exposed to calcium oxalate
More informationStewart et al. CD36 ligands promote sterile inflammation through assembly of a TLR 4 and 6 heterodimer
NFκB (fold induction) Stewart et al. ligands promote sterile inflammation through assembly of a TLR 4 and 6 heterodimer a. mrna (fold induction) 5 4 3 2 1 LDL oxldl Gro1a MIP-2 RANTES mrna (fold induction)
More informationDear Valuable Readers, Thank you for the support
Newsletter Dear Valuable Readers, Inside the issue- Message from the promoter Directors PSA-Glycan YBL-Top Renal Markers Our upcoming Products CA 15-3 Validation reports Welcome to our second newsletter
More informationStudy of different types of ubiquitination
Study of different types of ubiquitination Rudi Beyaert (rudi.beyaert@irc.vib-ugent.be) VIB UGent Center for Inflammation Research Ghent, Belgium VIB Training Novel Proteomics Tools: Identifying PTMs October
More information12/10/2009. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University. Mucosal Cytokine Network in IBD
Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in IBD Theresa T. Pizarro Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University Mucosal Cytokine Network in IBD Andoh, et al., 2008 1 Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Family Cytokine
More informationPurification of carp (Cyprinus carpio) kidney cathepsin C
Purification of carp (Cyprinus carpio) kidney cathepsin C (Pemurnian enzim cathepsin C dari ginjal ikan mas Cyprinus carpio) Pangkey H. dan Lantu S. ABSTRACT Pemurnian enzim cathepsin C diperoleh melalui
More informationNTD Vaccine Design Toolkit and Training Workshop Providence, RI January 05, 2011 Cytokines Leslie P. Cousens, PhD EpiVax, Inc.
NTD Vaccine Design Toolkit and Training Workshop Providence, RI January 05, 2011 Cytokines Leslie P. Cousens, PhD EpiVax, Inc. Cytokines Properties of Cytokines Cytokines are proteins with specific roles
More informationType of file: PDF Title of file for HTML: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures
Type of file: PDF Title of file for HTML: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures Type of file: MOV Title of file for HTML: Supplementary Movie 1 Description: NLRP3 is moving along
More informationInflammation in OA. Osteoarthritis. Crystals found in synovial fluid. Calcium-containing crystals in OA 10/28/2013. I have no disclosures
Dublin Academic Medical Centre Dublin Academic Medical Centre How Do Calcium Crystals Induce Inflammation and Contribute to Osteoarthritis I have no disclosures Geraldine McCarthy MD, FRCPI Clinical Professor
More informationB-cell. Astrocyte SCI SCI. T-cell
RF #2015 P-01 PI: Azizul Haque, PhD Grant Title: Targeting Enolase in Spinal Cord Injury 12-month Technical Progress Report Progress Report (First Six Months): Enolase is one of the most abundantly expressed
More informationThe T cell receptor for MHC-associated peptide antigens
1 The T cell receptor for MHC-associated peptide antigens T lymphocytes have a dual specificity: they recognize polymporphic residues of self MHC molecules, and they also recognize residues of peptide
More informationFOCiS. Lecture outline. The immunological equilibrium: balancing lymphocyte activation and control. Immunological tolerance and immune regulation -- 1
1 Immunological tolerance and immune regulation -- 1 Abul K. Abbas UCSF FOCiS 2 Lecture outline Principles of immune regulation Self-tolerance; mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance Inhibitory
More informationOsteoprotegerin ligand and osteoprotegerin: novel implications for osteoclast biology and bone metabolism
European Journal of Endocrinology (1999) 141 195 210 ISSN 0804-4643 REVIEW Osteoprotegerin ligand and osteoprotegerin: novel implications for osteoclast biology and bone metabolism Lorenz C Hofbauer Division
More informationInnate immune cells---- one time migration preprogrammed homing properties
Innate immune cells---- one time migration preprogrammed homing properties neutrophils---acute inflammation monocytes---subacute/chronic inflammation eosinophils---parasitic or allergic inflammation natural
More informationPart III Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells: General Introduction
Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells: General Introduction Iván López-Expósito As an organ specialized in food digestion and nutrient absorption, the intestinal mucosa presents a huge surface area (almost
More informationIn vitro models for assessment of the respiratory sensitization potential of compounds.
In vitro models for assessment of the respiratory sensitization potential of compounds. 1 Investment driving Animal-free Testing Setting the scene 2 What we know about skin sensitization induction in a
More informationNewly Recognized Components of the Innate Immune System
Newly Recognized Components of the Innate Immune System NOD Proteins: Intracellular Peptidoglycan Sensors NOD-1 NOD-2 Nod Protein LRR; Ligand Recognition CARD RICK I-κB p50 p65 NF-κB Polymorphisms in Nod-2
More informationGeneral Overview of Immunology. Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
General Overview of Immunology Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Objectives Describe differences between innate and adaptive immune responses
More informationChemokines, Chemokine Receptors, and Renal Disease: From Basic Science To Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Studies
REVIEW J Am Soc Nephrol 11: 152 176, 2000 Chemokines, Chemokine Receptors, and Renal Disease: From Basic Science To Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Studies STEPHAN SEGERER, PETER J. NELSON, and DETLEF
More informationThe role of IL-17A in postmenopausal inflammatory events, such as in osteoporosis
The role of IL-17A in postmenopausal inflammatory events, such as in osteoporosis 1 Ildikó Molnár, MD, CSc, 2 Ilona Bohaty, MD, 1 Éva Somogyiné-Vári 1 Immunoendocrinology and Osteoporosis Centre, 2 Regional
More informationD2 inhibits TLR2- initiated 12p40 transcription (-) TLR2 PGN MDP. MyD88 IRAK ECSIT TRAF6 NIK. Smallest unit of PGN muramyl dipeptide IKK.
D2 inhibits TLR2- initiated 12p40 transcription CARD CARD NOD2 LRR RICK/Rip2 NIK MDP TRAF6 PGN TLR2 MyD88 IRAK ECSIT (-) IKK Smallest unit of PGN muramyl dipeptide IκB NF-κB atanabe et al, 2004 NF-κB IL-12p40
More informationSupplementary information
Supplementary information Supplementary Figure S1: Ex[Ca 2+ ]-induced IL-1ß production of monocytes primed with different TLR ligands IL-1ß release of CD14+ monocytes in response to stimulation for 16
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature11429 S1a 6 7 8 9 Nlrc4 allele S1b Nlrc4 +/+ Nlrc4 +/F Nlrc4 F/F 9 Targeting construct 422 bp 273 bp FRT-neo-gb-PGK-FRT 3x.STOP S1c Nlrc4 +/+ Nlrc4 F/F casp1
More informationQuestion 1. Kupffer cells, microglial cells and osteoclasts are all examples of what type of immune system cell?
Abbas Chapter 2: Sarah Spriet February 8, 2015 Question 1. Kupffer cells, microglial cells and osteoclasts are all examples of what type of immune system cell? a. Dendritic cells b. Macrophages c. Monocytes
More informationANATOMY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Immunity Learning objectives Explain what triggers an immune response and where in the body the immune response occurs. Understand how the immune system handles exogenous and endogenous antigen differently.
More informationT Cell Activation, Costimulation and Regulation
1 T Cell Activation, Costimulation and Regulation Abul K. Abbas, MD University of California San Francisco 2 Lecture outline T cell antigen recognition and activation Costimulation, the B7:CD28 family
More informationNature Methods: doi: /nmeth Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Subtiligase-catalyzed ligations with ubiquitin thioesters and 10-mer biotinylated peptides. (a) General scheme for ligations between ubiquitin thioesters and 10-mer, biotinylated
More informationThomas HAIDER Journal Club
Thomas HAIDER Journal Club 20.10.2014 Background Immunology of the CNS - History Ehrlich, 1885 & 1904 dye did not stain brain -> BBB Shirai, Y. (1921) On the transplantation of the rat sarcoma in adult
More information2. Cytokines and chemokines
2. Cytokines and chemokines Larry C. Borish, MD, and John W. Steinke, PhD Charlottesville, Va Cytokines and chemokines are redundant secreted proteins with growth, differentiation, and activation functions
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Normal T lymphocyte populations in Dapk -/- mice. (a) Normal thymic development in Dapk -/- mice. Thymocytes from WT and Dapk
Supplementary Figure 1. Normal T lymphocyte populations in Dapk -/- mice. (a) Normal thymic development in Dapk -/- mice. Thymocytes from WT and Dapk -/- mice were stained for expression of CD4 and CD8.
More informationThe Case of the Spring Break Consequences
The Case of the Spring Break Consequences Hazel reluctantly opened her eyes when her alarm went off. Spring Break was over, and she was definitely NOT ready for the second half of the semester. However,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Generation of knockin mice expressing L-selectinN138G. (a) Schematics of the Sellg allele (top), the targeting vector, the
Supplementary Figure 1. Generation of knockin mice expressing L-selectinN138G. (a) Schematics of the Sellg allele (top), the targeting vector, the targeted allele in ES cells, and the mutant allele in
More informationMammalian-type Glycosylation l in LEXSY
Mammalian-type Glycosylation l in LEXSY Case Study: Recombinant hu Erythropoietin Jena Bioscience GmbH Loebstedter Str. 80 07749 Jena, Germany Tel.: +49-3641-628-5000 Fax: +49-3641-628-5100 628 e-mail:
More informationImmunology lecture: 14. Cytokines: Main source: Fibroblast, but actually it can be produced by other types of cells
Immunology lecture: 14 Cytokines: 1)Interferons"IFN" : 2 types Type 1 : IFN-Alpha : Main source: Macrophages IFN-Beta: Main source: Fibroblast, but actually it can be produced by other types of cells **There
More information1. The scavenger receptor, CD36, functions as a coreceptor for which TLR? a. TLR ½ b. TLR 3 c. TLR 4 d. TLR 2/6
Allergy and Immunology Review Corner: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 8th Edition By Abul K. Abbas, MBBS, Andrew H. H. Lichtman, MD, PhD and Shiv Pillai, MBBS, PhD. Chapter 4 (pages 62-74): Innate Immunity
More informationINFLAMMATION & REPAIR
INFLAMMATION & REPAIR Lecture 7 Chemical Mediators of Inflammation Winter 2013 Chelsea Martin Special thanks to Drs. Hanna and Forzan Course Outline i. Inflammation: Introduction and generalities (lecture
More informationLymphoid architecture & Leukocyte recirculation. Thursday Jan 26th, 2017
Lymphoid architecture & Leukocyte recirculation Thursday Jan 26th, 2017 Topics The life of immune cells Where are they born? Where are they educated? Where do they function? How do they get there? The
More informationInnate Immunity. Connection Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Know Differences and Provide Examples Chapter 3. Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin
Know Differences and Provide Examples Chapter * Innate Immunity * kin and Epithelial Barriers * Antimicrobial peptide psoriasin -Activity against Gram (-) E. coli Connection Between Innate and Adaptive
More informationAirway Inflammation in Asthma Chih-Yung Chiu 1,2, Kin-Sun Wong 2 1 Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
REVIEW ARTICLE Chih-Yung Chiu 1,2, Kin-Sun Wong 2 1 Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. 2 Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial
More informationIntracellular MHC class II molecules promote TLR-triggered innate. immune responses by maintaining Btk activation
Intracellular MHC class II molecules promote TLR-triggered innate immune responses by maintaining Btk activation Xingguang Liu, Zhenzhen Zhan, Dong Li, Li Xu, Feng Ma, Peng Zhang, Hangping Yao and Xuetao
More informationChemokines and chemokine receptors
hemokines and chemokine receptors Philip M. Murphy The chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that coordinate leukocyte trafficking and activation [in the immune system. hemokines normally promote
More information