ACT UP (AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power): HIV/AIDS activist group founded in 1987 in New York City.

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1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ACT UP (AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power): HIV/AIDS activist group founded in 1987 in New York City. Agitprop: a term used to describe political art meant to agitate and spread propaganda. Antiretroviral drug: common term used for any drug used to treat infections by retroviruses, including, most typically HIV. Assay: term used in science for a laboratory test or analysis. Atripla: combination drug for treatment of HIV that contains three separate antiretroviral drugs; approved for use in the US in 2006 as a one pill a day HIV treatment regimen. AZT (azidothymidine): a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. First antiretroviral drug, approved for use in the US in Capsid: protein shell that surrounds the genome of a virus. (CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: United States federal agency focused on public health. CD4+ cells: cells containing the CD4 protein on their surface. Most commonly, T helper cells of the immune system. CMV retinitis: inflammation of the retina that can lead to blindness, caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV); occurs more often in people with HIV/AIDS. Combination therapy: treatment regimen in which more than one drug or medication are used to treat a single infection or disease. Control group: group in a scientific experiment that receives no treatment.

2 Cultural artifacts: widely-distributed objects we read as texts that reflect cultural values; for purposes of our course, we can look to many kinds of cultural production to see representations of HIV/AIDS: these include (but are not limited to) movies, television shows, public health posters, photography, art, advertisements, podcasts, social media, popular music, and mass-produced objects used to spread information about HIV/AIDS (buttons, condom cases, tote bags, etc.). Dependent variable: variable in an experiment that is determined by, or depends on, the independent variable; shown on Y-axis of graph. Disability studies: a field that works to understand how illness and disability have been represented and defined by society. Efficacy: ability to produce a desired result. In medicine, typically refers to effectiveness of a drug. Elizabeth Glaser: noted HIV/AIDS activist and co-founder of Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, which focuses on motherto-child transmission of HIV and HIV/AIDS in children. Envelope: cell-derived lipid membrane that surrounds the capsid of some viruses. (FDA) Food and Drug Administration: United States federal agency focused on safety and regulation of many items, including vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Functional cure: type of cure in which virus is not completely eradicated from the body, but patient can stop taking antiretroviral drugs and remain asymptomatic. Genome: genetic material of an organism. Genre: a category of text with specific rules for its type; for example, different genres of literary works include drama, poetry, and the novel. GRID (gay-related immune deficiency): Early name for syndrome now known as AIDS.

3 HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy): highly effective drug regimen used to suppress HIV replication; typically includes a combination of two reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor.. HIV criminalization: general term referring to laws that make behaviors associated with HIV a crime. HTLV-III, LAV: early names for virus now known as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Independent variable: variable in an experiment that researcher can control or manipulate; shown of X-axis of graph. KS (Kaposi sarcoma): type of cancer caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8); opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Larry Kramer: an American author and political activist who wrote the autobiographical play The Normal Heart (1985), considered a landmark work in theater about HIV/AIDS. Latent virus reservoir: cells containing viral DNA that remain not sensitive to antiretroviral drugs and not recognized by the immune system. Literary criticism: the practice of offering specific interpretations of what literary works mean. Monotherapy: treatment regimen in which a single drug or medication is used. Mother-to-child transmission: transmission of HIV from an HIVpositive mother to her child during pregnancy, during delivery, or by breastfeeding. Obligate intracellular parasite: microbe only capable of replicating inside an appropriate host cell; all viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Opportunistic infection: infection caused by a microbe that doesn t typically cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals with functioning immune systems.

4 Patient zero: epidemiology term for initial person in a linked cluster of cases of a disease; also referred to as index case. (PrEP) Pre-exposure prophylaxis: HIV prevention strategy in which people without HIV take antiretroviral drugs daily to prevent infection. Primary sources: in science, peer-reviewed articles describing new findings. Protease inhibitor: type of antiretroviral drug that interferes with the activity of protease, a necessary viral enzyme. Reverse transcriptase: HIV enzyme used for synthesis of viral DNA from viral RNA. Ronald Reagan: 40th President of the United States ( ). Ryan White: person with hemophilia who acquired HIV as a teenager through contaminated blood products; faced stigma at school and became a poster child for HIV/AIDS awareness; Ryan White Care Act passed by U.S. Congress shortly after his death. Secondary sources: in science, articles that review previously published findings, usually for a scientific audience. Serodiscordant: couple in which one person is infected with HIV and the other person is not. "So what?": the larger conclusions that an individual reader comes to about what a text means, based on interpretation and its supporting evidence. Structure: the way in which a story gets told or its information is revealed, including whether it follows the conventions of a particular genre; the expectations this creates in a reader can help an author to convey their ideas. Style: the way in which a story is told, including tone of narration or speech, the arrangement of language, and word choice; all these things work together to give a certain feeling to a reader about the world of the story as it unfolds.

5 Symbol: a character, image, word choice, or use of language in a text which has a meaning beyond its literal or obvious one. Tension: when an artwork seems to contradict itself or offer a conflicting message; this can lead to an interesting, deeper level of meaning in a work. Tertiary literature: in science, review articles intended for a general audience. Texts: broadly defined, anything that can be subjected to an interpretive or critical reading; can be visual, verbal, or performed. The Mississippi baby: infant born with HIV in whom a functional cure seemed to have been achieved; viral load rebounded after approximately two years without any antiretroviral treatment. Trans/transgender: term for people who identify their gender differently from their birth gender. Triple drug cocktail: combination therapy used to inhibit HIV replication. Commonly used term for HAART. Trope: a pattern that is repeated in art or literature, one that carries a familiar symbolic meaning or association. Truvada: combination drug for treatment of HIV that contains two separate antiretroviral drugs; approved for use in the US in 2012 for pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection. Viral load: level of HIV in blood of someone who is HIV positive.