PATTERN OF DONATION AND SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BLOOD DONORS IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA. By ISAAC IZ

Transcription

1 PATTERN OF DONATION AND SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BLOOD DONORS IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA. By ISAAC IZ

2 Introduction Problem Statement: 100 million people sustain life threatening injuries, and more than 5 million die for lack of blood supply yearly. Only 2 million out of 80 million units are donated in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) [WHO, 2002]. Access to safe and adequate blood and blood product remain a mirage in SSA, thirty years after the first WHO resolution (WHA28.72) to address the issue.

3 Introduction cont. Causes of allogenic blood demand Escalating elective surgery, Various safety introductions in blood transfusion. Accidents. Infections like HIV and Malaria. Terror attacks and PPH have all conspired to ensure that allogenic blood remains very much a vital but limited asset

4 Approach One hundred and thirty -six consecutively recruited whole blood donors engaged in the study. Donors were recruited having given informed consent after counseling Donors were grouped according types. Haematological parameters; packed cell volume, total white cell count and platelet count were assessed using standard techniques

5 Study area Sokoto State is located in the extreme North Western part of Nigeria near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. Sokoto is, on the whole, a very hot area. maximum daytime temperatures 40 C (104.0 F). The warmest months are February to April when daytime temperatures can exceed 45 C (113.0 F). Report from the 2007 National Population Commission indicated that the state had a population of 3.6 million.

6 Methods Three milliliters of blood sample collected into (K2EDTA) anticoagulated blood containers. The determination of PCV was by using a microhaematocrit centrifuge (Hawksley, UK). Platelet count and Total White Cell count was determined using standard methods.

7 Statistics Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 11) software. Comparisons between populations were made using the Student's t-test for parametric data and the Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric data. An alpha value of < 0.05 denoted a statistically significant difference. Correlation was compared using a version of linear regression analysis.

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12 Discussion Commercially remunerated blood donors makes up (14.71%). They are often associated with the following problems High Prevalence of TTIs [Ejele OA et al 2005]. They may be poor in health and undernourished; They are more likely to give blood more often than recommended, They have high risk behaviors.

13 Discussion Voluntary non remunareted donors make up 5.88% in this study. Family replacement donors constituted a significant number of blood donors (79.41%). The disadvantages of this method of blood donation include; Patients or their relatives are under intense strain and providing blood puts additional responsibility and stress on them.

14 Discussion Undue pressure may cause members of the family to give blood, even when they know that donating blood may affect their own health. Or even at risk of transmission of TTIs. It is difficult for a country s transfusion needs to be met solely relying on family replacement donations [Bates I and Hassall O, 2010]. Also, there is potentially at risk of producing antibodies to clinically significant antigen/s by spouse

15 Discussion The trend of PCV and platelet count follows the pattern; commercial remunerated donors < family replacement donors < voluntary non-remunerated donors. A positive and significant correlation between commercial remunerated blood donation and low PCV and platelet count [Jeremiah ZA, et al. 2010].

16 Hindrances of accessing safe and adequate blood National blood transfusion services and policies are often lacking. Lacking of appropriate infrastructure Inadequate trained personnel Financial resources are often inadequate. Predominance of family replacement and Presence of commercially remunerated blood donors,

17 Challenges of safe and effective blood transfusion High incidence of TTIs. Reliance on commercial and family-replacement donors. Inadequate knowledge. Cultural hindrances related challenges. Transfusion of whole blood. Lack of effective stewardship. Absence of red cell alloimmunization testing services. Sub optimal usage of alternatives to allogenic blood.

18 Challenges of safe and effective blood transfusion continue Absence of indication coding tool to facilitate effective use of blood products. Absence of evidence- based approaches to the management of major haemorrhages. Absence of uninterrupted power supply and challenge of cold chain management of blood product and Absence of regular stock of Emergency group O Negative blood for emergency use.

19 Conclusion Family and commercial remunerated donation still predominate in this study. The findings from this study indicates that the PCV and platelet count is significantly lower among commercial remunerated donors. And it re-emphasize the need to formulate policies on ways to seriously and innovatively attract and retain voluntary non-remunerated blood donors.

20 References 1. World Health Organization. Global database on blood safety: report Available at 3. World Health Assembly resolution WHA58.13 (Blood Safety). Proposal to Establish World Blood Donor Day. WHA58/2005/REC/ National Population Commission (NPC). National Census Figures, Abuja, Nigeria Jeremiah ZA, Koate BB. Anaemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia among blood donors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Blood Transfus Apr; 8(2): Ejele OA, Erhabor O, Nwauche CA. Trends in the prevalence of some transfusiontransmissible infections among blood donors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Haema. 2005; 8(2):

21 Acknowledgement I acknowledge the contributions of the following research colleagues; Erhabor O, Hussain AU, Abdulrahaman Y and the Haematology staff of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.

22 Appreciations Thank you for listening.