Genotypic analysis of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Monterrey, Mexico
|
|
- Winfred Page
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of Medical Microbiology (2004), 53, DOI /jmm Genotypic analysis of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Monterrey, Mexico Srinivas V. Ramaswamy, 1 Shu-Jun Dou, 1 Adrian Rendon, 2 Zhenhua Yang, 3,4 M. Donald Cave 3,5 and Edward A. Graviss 1 Correspondence Edward A. Graviss egraviss@bcm.tmc.edu 1 Houston Tuberculosis Initiative, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2 Pulmonary Services and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Monterrey, Universidad Autonomy de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 3 Regional Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, AR, USA 4 Department of Medicine and 5 Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA Received 10 June 2003 Accepted 13 November 2003 Thirty-seven multidrug-resistant and 13 pan-susceptible isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were analysed for the diversity of genotypes associated with known drug-resistance mechanisms. The isolates were obtained from patients attending a university tuberculosis clinic in Monterrey, Mexico. A total of 25 IS6110-RFLP patterns were obtained from the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates. Approximately 65 % of the MDR-TB isolates were attributed to secondary resistance. Different drug-susceptibility patterns were seen with the clustered isolates. The percentage of isolates resistant to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (STR) was 100, 97.3, 48.7 and 67.6, respectively. The most common resistanceassociated polymorphisms for the four drugs were as follows: INH, Ser315Thr (67. 6%)inkatG; RIF, Ser450Leu (41. 7%)inrpoB; EMB, Met306Ile/Val/Leu (66. 7%)inembB; and STR, Lys43Arg (24 %) in rpsl. Drug-resistance-associated mutations were similar to changes occurring in isolates from other areas of the world, but unique, previously unreported, mutations in katg (n ¼ 5), rpob (n ¼ 1) and rrs (n ¼ 3) were also identified. INTRODUCTION Present address: Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Abbreviations: EMB, ethambutol; INH, isoniazid; MDR-TB, multidrugresistant tuberculosis; PZA, pyrazinamide; RIF, rifampicin; STR, streptomycin. The emergence and widespread dissemination of multidrugresistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pose a serious threat to tuberculosis (TB) control in the new millennium (Raviglione et al., 1995). The lack of new therapeutic agents to treat MDR-TB along with a need to develop quick and efficient molecular diagnostic tools has stimulated research in the past few years to delineate the molecular genetic basis of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. Drug resistance in M. tuberculosis is due to the acquisition of mutations in chromosomally encoded genes and the generation of multidrug resistance is a consequence of serial accumulation of mutations primarily due to inadequate therapy. Several studies have shown that resistance to isoniazid (INH) is due to mutations in the katg gene and about 50 % of isolates with katg mutations have an amino acid replacement at codon 315 (Zhang et al., 1992; Heym et al., 1995; Marttila et al., 1998; Ramaswamy & Musser, 1998). The rpob gene, which encodes the â-subunit of RNA polymerase, harbours a mutation in an 81 bp region in about 95 % of rifampicin (RIF)-resistant M. tuberculosis strains recovered globally (Ramaswamy & Musser, 1998; Telenti et al., 1993; Jin & Gross, 1988; Kapur et al., 1994). Streptomycin (STR) resistance is due to mutations in the rrs and rpsl genes which encode the 16S rrna and ribosomal protein S12, respectively (Ramaswamy & Musser, 1998; Nair et al., 1993; Meier et al., 1994; Sreevatsan et al., 1996). Mutations in the pnca gene have been shown to develop pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance in approximately 70 % of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis resistant to PZA and & 2004 SGM Printed in Great Britain IP:
2 S. V. Ramaswamy and others approximately 65 % of clinical isolates resistant to ethambutol (EMB) have a mutation in the embb gene (Ramaswamy & Musser, 1998; Ramaswamy et al., 2000; Telenti et al., 1997b; Sreevatsan et al., 1997b). A global surveillance programme initiated in 1994 by the World Health Organization and the International Union Against TB and Lung Disease to monitor drug resistance has provided information on the prevalence of drug resistance in three states of Mexico, which included Baja California, Oaxaca and Sinaloa (World Health Organization, 1997; Anonymous, 1998a, b). This was the first population-based TB drug-resistance study in Mexico which reported both high and medium TB incidence in 1994 (World Health Organization, 1997). Recently, a clinic-based molecular epidemiological study of TB in Monterrey, Mexico, determined the diversity of RFLP patterns and the extent of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis isolates from patients who attended the clinic (Yang et al., 2001). Based on both IS6110 and ptbn12 characterization, 39 % of 166 isolates were shown to belong to 22 clusters, indicating extensive recent transmission. The study also showed that the prevalence of drug-resistant TB was high, with 32 % of the 186 isolates testing drug-resistant and 18 % MDR (Yang et al., 2001). The present investigation was undertaken to identify resistance-associated mutations in the MDR-TB isolates recovered from patients who attended the Jose E. Gonzalez University Hospital TB clinic in Monterrey, Mexico. It has been suggested that mutations conferring drug resistance may vary geographically (Rinder et al., 1997). Thus, the information gained by genotyping drug-resistant isolates helps not only to identify genetic markers in M. tuberculosis strains unique to a particular geographical niche, but also in the evaluation of molecular screening tests to identify MDR- TB. METHODS Bacterial isolates. Fifty MDR (n ¼ 37) and susceptible (n ¼ 13) M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. Isolates were collected between January 1996 and March 1998 and are a subset of 186 strains initially isolated from patients attending the Jose E. Gonzalez University Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico (Yang et al., 2001). Specimens were cultured on Löwenstein Jensen slants and were identified as M. tuberculosis on the basis of a positive niacin test. Drug susceptibility testing was done using the proportion method with INH (0. 2 ìgml 1 ), RIF (40 ìgml 1 ), STR (4 ìgml 1 ) and EMB (2 ìgml 1 ). Resistance to any of the four drugs tested was defined as >1 % growth on drugcontaining medium compared to a control medium (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1995). Isolates resistant to at least INH and RIF were considered MDR. DNA isolation, characterization and genetic group analysis. Isolation of DNA and IS6110-RFLP analysis were performed by using an internationally standardized method (van Embden et al., 1993). The molecular profiles were analysed by computer-assisted analysis using the BIOIMAGE software WHOLE BAND ANALYSER, version 3.4. Of the 34 samples analysed, the number of IS6110 copies ranged from two to 14. Ten isolates had less than six copies of IS6110 and were defined as lowcopy isolates. Twenty isolates had unique IS6110 profiles and the remaining 14 isolates shared five different band patterns. Isolates with the same IS6110-RFLP pattern or low-copy isolates were subjected to a secondary typing method using ptbn12 as probe, which contains the polymorphic GC-rich sequences (Chaves et al., 1996). Of the nine isolates that gave results with ptbn12-typing, one cluster containing two isolates was identified. The isolates in the cluster could be further distinguished based on their susceptibility patterns (Table 1). All isolates were assigned to one of three principal genetic groups based on polymorphisms present at gyra codon 95 and katg codon 463 (Sreevatsan et al., 1997a). Twenty isolates (54 %) were group 3, and 17 isolates (46 %) were group 2. There were no group 1 isolates. Isolates with the same IS6110, ptbn12 profiling patterns and genetic grouping were considered to be clonally related. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The major resistancedetermining regions of the katg, embb, rpsl and rpob genes were amplified using oligonucleotide primers and PCR conditions described previously (Heym et al., 1995; Kapur et al., 1994; Sreevatsan et al., 1996; Ramaswamy et al., 2000; Escalante et al., 1998). In addition to rpsl for determining STR resistance-associated mutations, the entire rrs gene encoding the 16S rrna was amplified using two sets of primers: F1 (59- GTCAGGATATTTCTAAATACCTTTGG-39), R1 (59-CACCTCAGCG TCAGTTACTG-39), F2 (59-CAGTAACTGACGCTGAGGAG-39) and R2 (59-GTTTTCGTGGTGCTCCTTAG-39). A GeneAmp System 9700 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems) was used for targeted DNA amplification. Unincorporated nucleotides and primers were removed by filtration using Microcon 100 microconcentrators (Amicon). DNA sequencing reactions were performed with the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems) with appropriate primers and purified PCR-amplified DNA as the template. The sequencing reactions were cleaned using Centrisep spin columns (Princeton Separations) and run on an ABI PRISM 377 DNA Sequencer (Applied Biosystems). The sequence data generated were assembled and edited electronically with the ALIGN and EDITSEQ programs (DNASTAR) and compared with the H37Rv genome database as well as with corresponding sequences from the susceptible M. tuberculosis strains (Cole et al., 1998). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study was undertaken to describe the drug-resistanceassociated alleles in MDR-TB isolates recovered from Monterrey, Mexico. Although individual drug-resistant isolates have been studied previously (Viader-Salvadó et al., 2003), this is the first description of mutations identified by sequencing in a collection of MDR-TB isolates from Mexico. Correlation between susceptibility testing and genotypic data Drug susceptibility data for the MDR-TB isolates are shown in Table 1. All 37 isolates were resistant to INH and RIF, except one strain (1531), which was susceptible to RIF. Twenty-five isolates (67. 6 %) were resistant to STR, and 18 isolates (48. 7 %) were resistant to EMB. Thirteen isolates (35. 1 %) were resistant to all four drugs tested and 16 isolates (43. 2 %) were resistant to three drugs. No correlation could be found between drug susceptibility patterns and molecular characterization data. The drug susceptibility profile correlated well with the observed and previously reported frequencies of mutations found in katg and inha (91. 8 %), 108 IP: Journal of Medical Microbiology 53
3 Genotyping MDR-TB isolates from Monterrey Table 1. Genetic group, IS6110, ptbn12 and comparison between the susceptibility test data and genotype data of MDR-TB isolates Isolate Genetic group* No. of bands FP ptbn12 Susceptibility patternk Nature of resistance Additional genotypic resistance# M007 I, R, S, E M I, R, S, E M I, R, S, E M016 I, R, E M I, R, S, E M023 I, R, S, E M026 I, R 2 E M035 I, R M036 I, R M I, R 1 S M023 I, R, S, E M084 I, R, S, E M088 I, R, S, E M093 I, R, S 2 E M110 I, S, E M071 I, R, S 2 E M117 I, R, S M120 I, R, S M I, R, S M125 I, R, S M I, R, S, E M049 NA I, R, E 1 S ND I, R, S, E M I, R, S, E M150 I, R, S, E M154 I, R, E M084 I, R, S M187 I, R, E 2 S ND I, R M200 I, R, S, E ND I, R, S M205 I, R, S M026 I, R, S M I, R, S M227 I, R M026 I, R M I, R 2 *Genetic group designation based on polymorphisms in katg codon 463 and gyra codon 95. Number of hybridizing bands by IS6110-typing. ND, Not determined. IS6110 fingerprinting code. Data not shown for pan-susceptible isolates. Polymorphic GC-rich sequence fingerprinting code. NA, Not available. ksusceptibility testing done by proportion method in Monterrey. I, isoniazid; R, rifampicin; S, streptomycin; E, ethambutol. Susceptible isolates with genotypic resistance are shown. 1, Primary resistance; 2, secondary resistance. #Additional genotypic alterations were identified in the designated isolates. IP:
4 S. V. Ramaswamy and others embb (83. 3 %) and rpob (83. 8 %) (Ramaswamy & Musser, 1998; Kapur et al., 1994; Ramaswamy et al., 2000; Telenti et al., 1997a). Eleven isolates (44 %) with streptomycin resistance had a resistance-associated mutation. One MDR- TB isolate (1674) had no mutations identified in the target regions. Four MDR-TB isolates had additional genotypic resistance, three of which were identified in embb and the other change was found in rrs. Isolates in the same cluster had different drug susceptibilities and resistance-associated mutations. This indicates that a majority of the isolates had acquired mutations independently. This rules out the presence and dissemination of a highly successful MDR-TB clone in the Monterrey community based on the recovered isolates. Although all MDR-TB isolates described by Yang et al. (2001) were used in this study and the sample size is small, it is reasonable to think that genotypes described in this study are circulating in the Monterrey and surrounding communities. rrs gene. Isolate 1258, believed to be sensitive to STR by drug susceptibility testing, had a C!T substitution at position 516 of rrs, which has been previously reported to be associated with drug resistance. Three other drug-resistant isolates had ac!t change at position 491 of rrs, but this change was also observed in three drug-sensitive isolates, suggesting that this polymorphism is not associated with drug resistance. A recent study also showed that this change is not associated with STR resistance, but is deeply rooted within an evolutionary clade of isolates from a suburb of Cape Town in South Africa (Victor et al., 2001). Our data corroborate with their findings and show that this change is associated only with major genetic group 3 isolates recovered from the Monterrey region in Mexico. Also, three more undescribed nucleotide substitutions in rrs of STR-resistant isolates were identified in our study. These changes were located at nucleotide positions 189 (G!A), 426 (G!T) and 1238 (T!C). Analysis of mutations in the target regions Resistance-associated mutations in katg, inha and rpob, markers for INH and RIF resistance, respectively, were found in 30 isolates (81. 1 %). The nucleotide and amino acid changes identified in the drug-resistant isolates are shown in Table 2. The study shows that MDR-TB strains from Monterrey not only have mutations in regions of genes previously shown to be involved in drug resistance, but also have mutations not described previously (Ramaswamy & Musser, 1998). For example, two common substitution mutations found in codons 450 and 445 of rpob were also seen in strains from this study. Fifteen isolates (40. 1 %) had a mutation in codon 450 and 27 % (n ¼ 10) of RIF-resistant isolates had a substitution in codon 445. Two isolates, 616 and 1142, had two different mutations each in rpob and no changes were seen in any of the susceptible isolates. One isolate had a missense change in codon 480 (Ile!Val) that has not been described previously (Table 2). Among the INH-resistant strains, 25 isolates (67. 6 %) had a substitution mutation () at codon 315 of katg, which is the most common mutation described in INH-resistant strains. Recently, Viader-Salvadó et al. (2003) showed that 53. 7% of INH-resistant isolates showed a mutation in codon 315 of katg and 86 % of RIF-resistant isolates had a resistanceassociated mutation in rpob of M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from north-east Mexico. New mutations were also identified in codons 249 (Arg!Cys), 275 (Thr!Ser), 307 (Gly!Glu) and 727 (Ala!Asp) of katg in INH-resistant isolates. The entire rpsl and rrs genes, encoding the ribosomal protein S12 and 16S rrna, respectively, were sequenced for mutations associated with STR resistance. Only 11 isolates (44 %) harboured mutations that were not found in susceptible isolates, indicating that genes other than rpsl and rrs are involved in STR resistance. Six isolates had a substitution in codon 43 of rpsl and no corresponding changes were found in the drug-sensitive isolates. Three isolates had a T!C change at nucleotide position 1238 of the Twelve of the 18 (66. 7 %) EMB-resistant isolates had mutations in the 461 bp embb region sequenced. In addition, three isolates judged to be sensitive to EMB by susceptibility testing showed resistance-associated mutations in embb. This discrepancy is probably due to heteroresistance involving mixed cultures. A total of 12 isolates had a substitution mutation in codon 306 and the remaining three isolates had amino acid replacements in codon 406. Two isolates, 730 and 1498, were part of a cluster with identical IS6110 (4 bands, profile M059) and ptbn12 characterization (147), but differed in their drug susceptibility profiles. Both isolates had identical alleles in rpob, katg and rpsl. However, isolate 1498 differed from 730 by its susceptibility to EMB, suggesting that 730 arose from 1498 by acquiring additional resistance to EMB. Mutations associated with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) are generally clustered in a 40 amino acid stretch around codon 95 of the gyra gene (Ramaswamy & Musser, 1998). Although the susceptibility testing was not done for FQs, the resistance-determining region in gyra was sequenced for all the isolates to determine the major genetic grouping. No mutations associated with FQ resistance were detected. In conclusion, the genotypic analysis of MDR-TB isolates from Monterrey, Mexico, identified that commonly found mutations in drug-resistant isolates from different regions of the world are also found in this region (Ramaswamy & Musser, 1998). Molecular strategies used to rapidly detect resistance-associated mutations would be applicable to isolates in Monterrey and other parts of Mexico. The new mutations identified in this study illustrate that, in spite of several genotypic studies done on drug-resistant isolates, there still remains a number of resistance-associated mutations to be discovered in M. tuberculosis. It remains to be seen if any of the new mutations identified in this study can also be found in other parts of Mexico based on a larger sample size and an epidemiologically independent group of isolates. 110 IP: Journal of Medical Microbiology 53
5 Genotyping MDR-TB isolates from Monterrey Table 2. Mutations identified in drug-resistant isolates Automated DNA sequencing of the most common resistance-determining regions of katg (390 bp, codons ), inha promoter (395 bp, 199 to +196 bases), rpob (494 bp, codons ), embb (461 bp, codons ) and the entire rpsl (375 bp plus 104 bp upstream region) and rrs genes (1537 bp plus 53 bp upstream region). The rpob codon numbering is based on the H37Rv genome and not on the Escherichia coli rpob numbering system as described previously. Both the nucleotide and the amino acid changes are shown. Asterisks indicate novel mutations., Wild-type; Nt., nucleotide. Isolate katg changes inha changes rpob changes rpsl changes rrs changes embb changes ; AGC!ACC, 306; ATG!ATA, 480; ATC!GTC, Ile!Val* ; AGC!ACA, ; AGC!ACC, 435; GAC!GAG, Asp!Glu 306; ATG!GTG, Met!Val 445; CAC!AAC, His!Asn ; AGC!ACC, 306; ATG!ATA, ; AGC!ACC, 435; GAC!GTC, Asp!Val Nt. 1238; T!C* 306; ATG!CTG, Met!Leu ; AGC!ACC, 441; TCG!TTG, 306; ATG!ATA, ; AGC!ACC, 406; GGC!GAC, Gly!Asp ; ACC!TCC, 445; CAC!GAC, Thr!Ser* His!Asp ; AGC!ACC, ups; C!T 450; TCG!TTG, Nt. 1238; T!C* ; AGC!ACC, 306; ATG!ATA, ; CGC!TGC, Arg!Cys* 445; CAC!TAC, 306; ATG!ATT, ; AGC!ACC, 406; GGC!GAC, Gly!Asp ups; C!T 406; GGC!GCC, Gly!Ala ; GCC!GAC, Ala!Asp* Nt. 491; C!T 306; ATG!ATA, ups; C!T Nt. 189; G!A* ; AGC!ACC, 445; CAC!GAC, His!Asp ; AGC!ACC, 445; CAC!TGC, His!Cys ; GGA!GAA, Gly!Glu* ; deletion* Nt. 1238; T!C* ; CGC!TGC, Arg!Cys* 445; CAC!TAC, 306; ATG!ATT, IP:
6 S. V. Ramaswamy and others Table 2. cont. Isolate katg changes inha changes rpob changes rpsl changes rrs changes embb changes ; AGC!ACC, 306; ATG!ATC, ; AGC!ACC, 445; CAC!TAC, ; AGC!ACC, 445; CAC!GAC, His!Asp 306; ATG!ATA, ; AGC!ACC, Nt. 426; G!T* 1258 Nt. 516; C!T 306; ATG!ATA, ; AGC!ACC, 445; CAC!TAC, ; AGC!ACC, 441; TCG!TTG, ; AGC!ACC, 441; TCG!TTG, ; AGC!ACC, Nt. 491; C!T ; AGC!ACC, 445; CAC!TAC, ; AGC!ACC, ; AGC!ACC, Nt. 491; C!T ; AGC!ACC, 452; CTG!CCG, Leu!Pro ; AGC!ACC, 435; GAC!GTC, Asp!Val ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was funded in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, under control no. R01-AI The study used resources and facilities at the Central Arkansas Veterans Health Services Center in Little Rock, AR, USA. REFERENCES Anonymous (1998a). Population-based survey for drug resistance of tuberculosis Mexico, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 47, Anonymous (1998b). Guidelines for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis. WHO Geneva/IUATLD Paris. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2, Chaves, F., Yang, Z. H., El Hajj, H., Alonso, M., Burman, W. J., Eisenach, K. D., Dronda, F., Bates, J. H. & Cave, M. D. (1996). Usefulness of the secondary probe ptbn12 in DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 34, Cole, S. T., Brosch, R., Parkhill, J. & 39 other authors. (1998). Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence. Nature 393, Escalante, P., Ramaswamy, S., Sanabria, H., Soini, H., Pan, X., Valiente-Castillo, O. & Musser, J. M. (1998). Genotypic characterization of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Peru. Tuber Lung Dis 79, Heym, B., Alzari, P. M., Honoré, N. & Cole, S. T. (1995). Missense mutations in the catalase-peroxidase gene, katg, are associated with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Microbiol 15, Jin, D. J. & Gross, C. A. (1988). Mapping and sequencing of mutations in the Escherichia coli rpob gene that lead to rifampicin resistance. J Mol Biol 202, Kapur, V., Li, L. L., Iordanescu, S., Hamrick, M. R., Wanger, A., Kreiswirth, B. N. & Musser, J. M. (1994). Characterization by automated DNA sequencing of mutations in the gene (rpob) encoding the RNA polymerase â subunit in rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from New York City and Texas. J Clin Microbiol 32, Marttila, H. J., Soini, H., Eerola, E., Vyshnevskaya, E., Vyshnevskiy, B. I., Otten, T. F., Vasilyef, A. V. & Viljanen, M. K. (1998). A Ser315Thr substitution in KatG is predominant in genetically heterogeneous multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates originating from the St. Petersburg area in Russia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42, Meier, A., Kirschner, P., Bange, F.-C., Vogel, U. & Böttger, E. C. (1994). Genetic alterations in streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: mapping of mutations conferring resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38, Nair, J., Rouse, D. A., Bai, G.-H. & Morris, S. L. (1993). The rpsl gene and streptomycin resistance in single and multiple drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Microbiol 10, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1995). Anti- 112 IP: Journal of Medical Microbiology 53
7 Genotyping MDR-TB isolates from Monterrey mycobacterial Susceptibility Testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proposed Standard M24-T. Villanova, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Ramaswamy, S. & Musser, J. M. (1998). Molecular genetic basis of antimicrobial agent resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 1998 update. Tuber Lung Dis 79, Ramaswamy, S. V., Amin, A. G., Göksel, S., Stager, C. E., Dou, S.-J., El Sahly, H., Moghazeh, S. L., Kreiswirth, B. N. & Musser, J. M. (2000). Molecular genetic analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ethambutol resistance in human isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44, Raviglione, M. C., Snider, D. E., Jr & Kochi, A. (1995). Global epidemiology of tuberculosis. Morbidity and mortality of a worldwide epidemic. JAMA (J Am Med Assoc) 273, Rinder, H., Dobner, P., Feldmann, K., Rifai, M., Bretzel, G., Rusch- Gerdes, S. & Loscher, T. (1997). Disequilibria in the distribution of rpob alleles in rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates from Germany and Sierra Leone. Microb Drug Resist 3, Sreevatsan, S., Pan, X., Stockbauer, K. E., Williams, D. L., Kreiswirth, B. N. & Musser, J. M. (1996). Characterization of rpsl and rrs mutations in streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from diverse geographic localities. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40, Sreevatsan, S., Pan, X., Stockbauer, K. E., Connell, N. D., Kreiswirth, B. N., Whittam, T. S. & Musser, J. M. (1997a). Restricted structural gene polymorphism in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex indicates evolutionarily recent global dissemination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, Sreevatsan, S., Stockbauer, K. E., Pan, X., Kreiswirth, B. N., Moghazeh, S. L., Jacobs, W. R., Jr, Telenti, A. & Musser, J. M. (1997b). Ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: critical role of embb mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41, Telenti, A., Imboden, P., Marchesi, F., Lowrie, D., Cole, S., Colston, M. J., Matter, L., Schopfer, K. & Bodmer, T. (1993). Detection of rifampicinresistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lancet 341, Telenti, A., Honore, N., Bernasconi, C., March, J., Ortega, A., Heym, B., Takiff, H. E. & Cole, S. T. (1997a). Genotypic assessment of isoniazid and rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a blind study at reference laboratory level. J Clin Microbiol 35, Telenti, A., Philipp, W. J., Sreevatsan, S., Bernasconi, C., Stockbauer, K. E., Wieles, B., Musser, J. M. & Jacobs, W. R., Jr (1997b). The emb operon, a gene cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in resistance to ethambutol. Nat Med 3, van Embden, J. D., Cave, M. D., Crawford, J. T. & 8 other authors (1993). Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: recommendations for a standardized methodology. J Clin Microbiol 31, Viader-Salvadó, J. M., Luna-Aguirre, C. M., Reyes-Ruiz, J. M., Valdez- Leal, R., Bosque-Moncayo, M. D. L. A. D., Tijerina-Menchaca, R. & Guerrero-Olazarán, M. (2003). Frequency of mutations in rpob and codons 315 and 463 of katg in rifampin- and/or isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from northeast Mexico. Microb Drug Resist 9, Victor, T. C., van Rie, A., Jordaan, A. M., Richardson, M., van der Spuy, G. D., Beyers, N., van Helden, P. D. & Warren, R. (2001). Sequence polymorphism in the rrs gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is deeply rooted within an evolutionary clade and is not associated with streptomycin resistance. J Clin Microbiol 39, World Health Organization (1997). Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance in the World. The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance, WHO/TB/ Geneva: WHO Global Tuberculosis Programme. Yang, Z. H., Rendon, A., Flores, A. & 7 other authors (2001). A clinicbased molecular epidemiologic study of tuberculosis in Monterrey, Mexico. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 5, Zhang, Y., Heym, B., Allen, B., Young, D. & Cole, S. (1992). The catalaseperoxidase gene and isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nature 358, IP:
Primary Multi Drug Resistance in New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 656-663 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Primary Multi Drug Resistance in New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
More informationCDC s Approach to Fast Track Laboratory Diagnosis for Persons at Risk of Drug Resistant TB: Molecular Detection of Drug Resistance (MDDR) Service
CDC s Approach to Fast Track Laboratory Diagnosis for Persons at Risk of Drug Resistant TB: Molecular Detection of Drug Resistance (MDDR) Service Beverly Metchock, DrPH, D(ABMM) Team Lead, Reference Laboratory
More informationReceived 24 August 2007/Returned for modification 17 October 2007/Accepted 27 November 2007
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Feb. 2008, p. 725 729 Vol. 52, No. 2 0066-4804/08/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/aac.01124-07 Copyright 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Prevalence
More informationDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
Indian J Med Res 135, May 2012, pp 756-762 Variations in the occurrence of specific rpob mutations in rifampicinresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients of different ethnic groups in
More informationEthambutol Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Critical Role of embb Mutations
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Aug. 1997, p. 1677 1681 Vol. 41, No. 8 0066-4804/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Ethambutol Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
More informationGenetic Polymorphism at Codon 463 in the katg Gene in Isoniazid-Sensitive and -Resistant Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Middle East
Original Paper Med Principles Pract 2001;10:129 134 Received: January 31, 2001 Revised: May 14, 2001 Genetic Polymorphism at Codon 463 in the katg Gene in Isoniazid-Sensitive and -Resistant Isolates of
More informationThe Efficacy of Genotype MTBDRplus Assay in Rapid Detection of Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates
The Efficacy of Genotype MTBDRplus Assay in Rapid Detection of Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates Singh Shruti S 1, Desai Pratibha B. 2 1,2 Department of
More informationAntimicrobial Agent Resistance in Mycobacteria: Molecular Genetic Insights
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Oct. 1995, p. 496 514 Vol. 8, No. 4 0893-8512/95/$04.00 0 Copyright 1995, American Society for Microbiology Antimicrobial Agent Resistance in Mycobacteria: Molecular Genetic
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE /j x
ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01495.x Public health impact of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with a mutation at amino-acid position 315 of katg: a decade of experience
More informationDiagnosis of drug resistant TB
Diagnosis of drug resistant TB Megan Murray, MD, ScD Harvard School of Public Health Brigham and Women s Hospital Harvard Medical School Broad Institute Global burden of TB 9 million new cases year 2 million
More informationDRUG RESISTANCE IN TUBERCULOSIS
DRUG RESISTANCE IN TUBERCULOSIS INTRODUCTION Up to 50 million people may be infected with drug-resistant resistant TB.* Hot zones of MDR-TB such as Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Argentina and the Dominican
More informationIgor Mokrousov, 1 * Olga Narvskaya, 1 Tatiana Otten, 2 Elena Limeschenko, 1 Lidia Steklova, 3 and Boris Vyshnevskiy 2
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, May 2002, p. 1417 1424 Vol. 46, No. 5 0066-4804/02/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1417 1424.2002 Copyright 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationTuberculosis Disparity Between US-born African-Americans and Caucasians in Houston:
Tuberculosis Disparity Between US-born African-Americans and Caucasians in Houston: A population-based study Jose A. Serpa 1, M.D.; Larry D. Teeter 2, Ph.D., James M. Musser 2, M.D., Ph.D. and Edward A.
More informationPatterns of rpoc Mutations in Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Patients in South Korea
ORIGINAL ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2017.0042 ISSN: 1738-3536(Print)/2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2018;81:222-227 Patterns of rpoc Mutations in -Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated
More informationMycobacterium tuberculosis and Molecular Epidemiology: An Overview
Journal of Microbiology Research 2014, 4(6A): 25-31 DOI: 10.5923/s.microbiology.201401.04 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Molecular Epidemiology: An Overview Asho Ali Department of Biology, King Abdul Aziz
More informationResearch Article Use of Genotype MTBDRplus Assay for Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Nepal
Hindawi International Scholarly Research Notices Volume 2017, Article ID 1635780, 5 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1635780 Research Article Use of Genotype MTBDRplus Assay for Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant
More informationRapid genotypic assays to identify drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South Africa
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Advance Access published October 21, 2008 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy doi:10.1093/jac/dkn433 Rapid genotypic assays to identify drug-resistant Mycobacterium
More informationDrug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Northeastern Sudan
British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 2(3): 424-433, 2012 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Northeastern Sudan S.O.
More informationMaha R Farhat, MD MSc Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School. I have no financial or other potential conflicts of interest to disclose
Maha R Farhat, MD MSc Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School I have no financial or other potential conflicts of interest to disclose Update on the epidemiology of TB drug resistance Success
More informationRapid Diagnosis and Detection of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis
Rapid Diagnosis and Detection of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis YAM Wing-Cheong 任永昌 Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong Tuberculosis Re-emerging problem in industrialized countries
More informationMolecular tests for rapid detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Title Molecular tests for rapid detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium. Author(s) Ho, PL; Yam, WC; Leung, CC; Yew, WW; Mok, TYW; Chan, KS; Tam, CM Citation Hong Kong Medical
More informationRapid detection of mutations in rpob gene of rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by line probe assay
Indian J Med Res 117, February 2003, pp 76-80 Rapid detection of mutations in rpob gene of rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by line probe assay Meera Sharma, Sunil Sethi, Baijayantimala
More informationDrug susceptibility testing for tuberculosis KRISTEN DICKS, MD, MPH DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
Drug susceptibility testing for tuberculosis KRISTEN DICKS, MD, MPH DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER Outline Drug resistant TB: definitions and epidemiology How does TB become resistant? Current drug susceptibility
More informationAspirin antagonism in isonizaid treatment of tuberculosis in mice ACCEPTED. Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Bloomberg School of
AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 4 December 2006 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/aac.01145-06 Copyright 2006, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions.
More informationDNA sequencing for the confirmation of rifampin resistance detected by Cepheid Xpert
JCM Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 4 March 2015 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/jcm.03433-14 Copyright 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 2 DNA sequencing for the confirmation
More informationLaboratory Diagnosis for MDR TB
Laboratory Diagnosis for MDR TB Neha Shah MD MPH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Tuberculosis Elimination California Department of Public Health Guam March 07 Objectives Describe
More informationANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE
ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE KULDEEP SINGH SACHDEVA (TOP), ADDITIONAL DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL, CENTRAL TB DIVISION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA; S ANAND
More informationTuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01711.x Association of specific mutations in katg, rpob, rpsl and rrs genes with spoligotypes of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Russia
More informationA simple, rapid and economic method for detecting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
braz j infect dis. 2013;17(6):667 671 The Brazilian Journal of INFECTIOUS DISEASES www.elsevier.com/locate/bjid Original article A simple, rapid and economic method for detecting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
More informationCharacterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Patients in Houston, Texas, by Spoligotyping
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 2000, p. 669 676 Vol. 38, No. 2 0095-1137/00/$04.00 0 Copyright 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
More informationThe Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
The Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Barry N. Kreiswirth,, PhD Director, PHRI TB Center Airborne pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Slow grower; doubles 24hrs; 3-4 weeks to culture 3-4 weeks for
More informationMULTIDRUG- RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS. Dean Tsukayama Hennepin County Medical Center Hennepin County Public Health Clinic
MULTIDRUG- RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS Dean Tsukayama Hennepin County Medical Center Hennepin County Public Health Clinic I have no relevant financial relationships. Discussion includes off label use of: amikacin
More informationCharacterization of Mutations in the Rpob and Katg Gene of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates From Pasteur Institute of Tehran
2461 Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res, 2014; 2 (8), 2461-2465 IJABBR- 2014- eissn: 2322-4827 International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research Journal homepage: www.ijabbr.com Original Article
More informationDiagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Tuesday April 9, 2013
TB Nurse Case Management San Antonio, Texas April 9-11, 2013 Diagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Tuesday April 9, 2013 Ken Jost has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationDNA FINGERPRINTING. Barry N. Kreiswirth, PhD Director, PHRI TB Center
DNA FINGERPRINTING Barry N. Kreiswirth, PhD Director, PHRI TB Center Molecular Epidemiology Local Epidemiology Are M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from localized cases of disease the same or different
More informationJillian Dormandy, BS; Akos Somoskovi, MD, PhD; Barry N. Kreiswirth, PhD; Jeffrey R. Driscoll, PhD; David Ashkin, MD; and Max Salfinger, MD
Original Research LUNG INFECTION Discrepant Results Between Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing by the Reference BACTEC 460TB Method and pnca DNA Sequencing in Patients Infected With Multidrug-Resistant
More informationTB 101 Disease, Clinical Assessment and Lab Testing
TB 101 Disease, Clinical Assessment and Lab Testing Pacific Islands Tuberculosis Controllers Association Conference (PITCA) Clinical Laboratory Breakout None Disclosure Objectives Be able to list and explain
More informationTransmissibility, virulence and fitness of resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. CHIANG Chen-Yuan MD, MPH, DrPhilos
Transmissibility, virulence and fitness of resistant strains of M. tuberculosis CHIANG Chen-Yuan MD, MPH, DrPhilos Transmissibility, Virulence and Fitness of resistant strains of M. tuberculosis For infectious
More informationMIC = Many Inherent Challenges Sensititre MIC for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
MIC = Many Inherent Challenges Sensititre MIC for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Marie Claire Rowlinson, PhD D(ABMM) Florida Bureau of Public Health Laboratories
More informationKen Jost, BA, has the following disclosures to make:
Diagnosis of TB Disease: Laboratory Ken Jost, BA May 10, 2017 TB Intensive May 9-12, 2017 San Antonio, TX EXCELLENCE EXPERTISE INNOVATION Ken Jost, BA, has the following disclosures to make: No conflict
More informationRapid Detection of Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from India and Mexico by a Molecular Beacon Assay
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2004, p. 5512 5516 Vol. 42, No. 12 0095-1137/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5512 5516.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationGenotyping of Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Limpopo Province. Kgasha Matete Olga
Genotyping of Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Limpopo Province by Kgasha Matete Olga DISSERTATION Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER
More informationDetection of Mutations Associated with Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from China
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 2005, p. 5477 5482 Vol. 43, No. 11 0095-1137/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jcm.43.11.5477 5482.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationGlobal Perspective on Transmission: Value in Genotype Mapping of Disease Transmission Dynamics
Global Perspective on Transmission: Value in Genotype Mapping of Disease Transmission Dynamics Neel R. Gandhi, MD Emory Rollins School of Public Health January 17, 2013 Medical Research Council BMJ 1948
More informationMolecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. Dr Sahajal Dhooria
Molecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Dr Sahajal Dhooria What is drug resistant TB? Definitions MDR TB defined as resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, with or without resistance
More informationDiagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Tuesday April 1, 2014
TB Nurse Case Management San Antonio, Texas April 1 3, 2014 Diagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost Tuesday April 1, 2014 Ken Jost, BA has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationReceived 4 June 2013; Final revision 1 August 2013; Accepted 30 August 2013; first published online 27 September 2013
Epidemiol. Infect. (2014), 142, 1328 1333. Cambridge University Press 2013 doi:10.1017/s0950268813002409 SHORT REPORT Characterization of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from immigrants
More informationTreatment of Active Tuberculosis
Treatment of Active Tuberculosis Jeremy Clain, MD Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic October 16, 2017 2014 MFMER slide-1 Disclosures No relevant financial relationships No conflicts of interest
More informationThe ins and outs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing
REVIEW 10.1111/j.1469-0691.11.03551.x The ins and outs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing E. C. Böttger Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
More informationRapid Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 2010, p. 4003 4009 Vol. 48, No. 11 0095-1137/10/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jcm.00812-10 Copyright 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Rapid Detection
More informationMicrobiological Pathology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Pretoria, South Africa 2
The Incidence of discordant Rifampicin susceptibility results between genotypic and phenotypic methods in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates at Dr George Mukhari Hospital Tertiary Laboratory,
More informationRapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 1120 1124 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.97.10051120 Printed in UK - all rights reserved Copyright ERS Journals Ltd 1997 European Respiratory Journal ISSN 0903-1936 Rapid detection of multidrug-resistant
More informationMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis: rapid detection of resistance to rifampin and high or low levels of isoniazid in clinical specimens and isolates
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2008) 27:1079 1086 DOI 10.1007/s10096-008-0548-9 ARTICLE Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: rapid detection of resistance to rifampin and high or low levels of isoniazid
More informationMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): epidemiology, prevention and treatment
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): epidemiology, prevention and treatment L. P. Ormerod Chest Clinic, Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn, Lancs BB2 3LR, and Postgraduate School of Medicine and
More informationSequence analysis for detection of first-line drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from a high-incidence setting
Feuerriegel et al. BMC Microbiology 2012, 12:90 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Sequence analysis for detection of first-line drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from a high-incidence setting
More informationA ten-year evolution of a multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outbreak in an HIV-negative context, Tunisia ( )
A ten-year evolution of a multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outbreak in an HIV-negative context, Tunisia (2001-2011) Naira Dekhil 1, Besma Mhenni 1, Raja Haltiti 2, and Helmi Mardassi 1 (speaker)
More informationThe New England Journal of Medicine EXOGENOUS REINFECTION AS A CAUSE OF RECURRENT TUBERCULOSIS AFTER CURATIVE TREATMENT
EXOGENOUS REINFECTION AS A CAUSE OF RECURRENT TUBERCULOSIS AFTER CURATIVE TREATMENT ANNELIES VAN RIE, M.D., ROBIN WARREN, PH.D., MADELEINE RICHARDSON, M.SC., THOMAS C. VICTOR, PH.D., ROBERT P. GIE, M.D.,
More informationDST for detection of DR TB - roll out of Xpert in South Africa and overview of other technologies: what are the gaps?
DST for detection of DR TB - roll out of Xpert in South Africa and overview of other technologies: what are the gaps? Mark Nicol Division of Medical Microbiology and Institute for Infectious Diseases and
More informationMulti-drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Rajshahi District
TAJ December 2005; Volume 18 Number 2 ISSN 1019-8555 The Journal of Teachers Association RMC, Rajshahi Original Article Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Rajshahi District M Wasim Hussain, 1 M Azizul
More informationGlobal epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Factors contributing to the epidemic of MDR/XDR-TB. CHIANG Chen-Yuan MD, MPH, DrPhilos
Global epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis Factors contributing to the epidemic of MDR/XDR-TB CHIANG Chen-Yuan MD, MPH, DrPhilos By the end of this presentation, participants would be able to describe
More informationMolecular Evidence for Heterogeneity of the Multiple-Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Population in Scotland (1990 to 1997)
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1999, p. 998 1003 Vol. 37, No. 4 0095-1137/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Molecular Evidence for Heterogeneity
More informationMolecular Analysis of Isoniazid and Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Recovered from Barcelona ABSTRACT
MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE Volume 11, Number 2, 2005 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Molecular Analysis of Isoniazid and Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Recovered from Barcelona PERE COLL,
More informationDrug Resistant Tuberculosis Biology, Epidemiology and Control Dr. Christopher Dye
Director of Health Information World Health Organization Geneva 1 1. Why TB patients are treated with drugs 2 Natural history and control of TB Fast 5/1 Slow 5/1 Uninfected Latent Active 1 1 infection/case
More informationInconsistent Results with the Xpert-MTB/Rif Assay in Detection of Mycobacterium
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 12 July 2013 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/jcm.01377-13 Copyright 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 2 3 Inconsistent Results
More informationMycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ø aerobic Gram-positive bacillus Ø grow in the cell of host organism Ø the pathogen causes tuberculosis Ø asymptomatic and latent infections Ø can
More informationLaboratory Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Objectives
Laboratory Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Marie-Claire Rowlinson, PhD D(ABMM) Calin Chiribau, PhD, MT(ASCP) Florida Bureau of Public Health Laboratories
More informationMolecular diagnosis of MDR-TB using GenoType MTBDRplus 96 assay in Ibadan, Nigeria
Niger. J. Physiol. Sci. 28(December 2013) 187 191 www.njps.com.ng Molecular diagnosis of MDR-TB using GenoType MTBDRplus 96 assay in Ibadan, Nigeria * 1 Kehinde A.O. and 2 Adebiyi, E.O. Department of Medical
More informationPrevalence and molecular characteristics of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Beijing, China: 2006 versus 2012
Yin et al. BMC Microbiology (2016) 16:85 DOI 10.1186/s12866-016-0699-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Prevalence and molecular characteristics of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Beijing, China:
More informationTransmission of MDR/XDR Tuberculosis in Shanghai. Qian Gao Shanghai Medical College Fudan University
Transmission of MDR/XDR Tuberculosis in Shanghai Qian Gao Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Drug Resistant TB in China The Highest DR-TB Burden Country New TB cases/year Cases with any DR MDR XDR
More informationStacy White, PhD May 12, TB for Community Providers. Phoenix, Arizona
Role of the Laboratory in TB Diagnosis Stacy White, PhD May 12, 2015 TB for Community Providers May 12, 2015 Phoenix, Arizona EXCELLENCE EXPERTISE INNOVATION Stacy White, PhD has the following disclosures
More informationXin-Feng Wang 1, Jun-Li Wang 2, Mao-Shui Wang 1. Introduction
Original Article Page 1 of 6 Evaluation of GenoType MTBDRplus assay for rapid detection of isoniazid- and rifampicin-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from diabetes mellitus patients Xin-Feng
More informationAnalysis of mutational pattern in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in a geographically isolated northeastern region of India
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-issn: 2278-3008, p-issn:2319-7676. Volume 9, Issue 1 Ver. III (Jan. 2014), PP 04-10 Analysis of mutational pattern in multidrug resistant
More informationMulti-clonal origin of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates. determined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 30 May 2012 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/jcm.00678-12 Copyright 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 2 Multi-clonal origin
More informationReceived 6 November 1996/Accepted 28 February 1997
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1997, p. 1390 1393 Vol. 35, No. 6 0095-1137/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Genetic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium
More informationMycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ø small, aerobic, nonmotile bacteria Ø Gram-positive bacillus Ø can survive in a dry state for weeks Ø grow only within the cells of a host organism
More informationANALYSIS OF MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN AT AN ACADEMIC HOSPITAL IN PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA
ANALYSIS OF MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN AT AN ACADEMIC HOSPITAL IN PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA Mafunise M 1, Le Roux MC 1, de Villiers BE 1, Ditsele RMM 1,2 1 Department of Microbiological
More informationThe rapid diagnosis of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis - a molecular story-
J. Med. Microbiol. - Vol. 47 (1998), 189-196 0 1998 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and reland REV1 EW ARTCLE The rapid diagnosis of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
More informationGenetics of drug resistant tuberculosis
Thorax 1998;53:793 797 793 Genetics and pulmonary medicine c 5 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois,
More informationMultidrug resistance (MDR) epitomises. Mechanisms of heteroresistance to isoniazid and rifampin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Eur Respir J 2009; 33: 368 374 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00089808 CopyrightßERS Journals Ltd 2009 Mechanisms of heteroresistance to isoniazid and rifampin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
More informationUse of Genetic Distance as a Measure of Ongoing Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2003, p. 5640 5644 Vol. 41, No. 12 0095-1137/03/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5640 5644.2003 Copyright 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationThe current state of knowledge: genotypic vs phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing (DST)
The current state of knowledge: genotypic vs phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing (DST) Daniela M Cirillo Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Outline Concordance
More informationRapid and accurate detection of rifampin and isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an oligonucleotide array
ORIGINAL ARTICLE BACTERIOLOGY Rapid and accurate detection of rifampin and isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an oligonucleotide array W.-L. Huang 1, Z.-J. Hsu 1, T. C. Chang 2 and R.
More informationMycobacterium tuberculosis Strains with Highly Discordant Rifampin Susceptibility Test Results
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 2009, p. 3501 3506 Vol. 47, No. 11 0095-1137/09/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jcm.01209-09 Copyright 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Mycobacterium
More informationDrug-Susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Does Not Develop Mutation-Conferred Resistance to Rifampin at an Elevated Rate
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 2003, p. 1520 1524 Vol. 41, No. 4 0095-1137/03/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1520 1524.2003 Copyright 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationDetection of Multidrug Resistance and Characterization of Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Raichur District, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 1543-1549 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.185
More informationMolecular Characterization of Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Collected in Australia
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Oct. 2005, p. 4068 4074 Vol. 49, No. 10 0066-4804/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/aac.49.10.4068 4074.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationThe authors assessed drug susceptibility patterns
Drug Resistance Among Tuberculosis Patients, 1991 and 1992 New York City, CYNTHIA R. DRIVER, RN, MPH THOMAS R. FRIEDEN, MD, MPH ALAN B. BLOCH, MD, MPH IDA M. ONORATO, MD All the authors are with the Division
More informationHarmonizing the Use of Molecular & Culture-based DST of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Harmonizing the Use of Molecular & Culture-based DST of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Grace Lin, MS. Research Scientist grace.lin@cdph.ca.gov APHL 8 th TB Lab Conference San Diego 8-19-13 Harmonizing? There
More informationTB Intensive San Antonio, Texas November 11 14, 2014
TB Intensive San Antonio, Texas November 11 14, 2014 Diagnosis of TB: Laboratory Ken Jost, BA November 12, 2014 Ken Jost, BA has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationBMC Infectious Diseases
BMC Infectious Diseases This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. Rapid screening of
More informationRapid Diagnosis of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis by Use of a Reverse Line Blot Hybridization Assay
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 2011, p. 2546 2551 Vol. 49, No. 7 0095-1137/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jcm.02511-10 Copyright 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Rapid Diagnosis
More informationDetection of heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by pyrosequencing
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 18 September 2013 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/jcm.01761-13 Copyright 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 Detection of heteroresistant
More informationSingle Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Genes Associated with Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Apr. 2003, p. 1241 1250 Vol. 47, No. 4 0066-4804/03/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.4.1241 1250.2003 Copyright 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationWhite Paper Application
White Paper Application Project Title: Whole genome sequencing of clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Authors: David Alland, Jerrold Ellner, Susan Dorman, Moses Joloba, Clifton Barry Primary
More informationLaboratory s Role in the Battle Against Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Laboratory s Role in the Battle Against Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Angela M. Starks, Ph.D. Chief, Laboratory Branch Division of Tuberculosis Elimination June 6, 2016 National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral
More informationRapid Diagnostic Techniques for Identifying Tuberculosis Ken Jost November 13, 2008
Tuberculosis Updates for Clinicians San Antonio, Texas November 13, 2008 Rapid Diagnostic Techniques for Identifying Tuberculosis Ken Jost November 13, 2008 Rapid Diagnostic Techniques for Identifying
More informationBacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France. Received 7 August 2013; returned 1 October 2013; revised 11 October 2013; accepted 14 October 2013
J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69: 947 954 doi:10.1093/jac/dkt448 Advance Access publication 11 November 2013 Characterization of the embb gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Barcelona and rapid
More informationAnti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world and rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis
Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world and rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis Chiyoji ABE acquired drug resistance primary drug resistance 10 10 HIV 1 3 INHRFP MDR-TB DOTSDirectly Observed Treatment,
More informationClinical and Public Health Impact of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) for Tuberculosis
Clinical and Public Health Impact of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) for Tuberculosis Amit S. Chitnis, MD, MPH; Pennan M. Barry, MD, MPH; Jennifer M. Flood, MD, MPH. California Tuberculosis Controllers
More information