Iridovirus Iridoviridae Nurith J. Jakob, Gholamreza Darai, Trevor Williams
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![Iridovirus Iridoviridae Nurith J. Jakob, Gholamreza Darai, Trevor Williams Chilo. ultrathin section of intracellular mature virus particles. Length of bar [nm]: 100. [courtesy of Hans R.](/docs-images/89/97562719/images/1-0.jpg "Gelderblom] Virion Morphology: icosahedral Envelope: no Diameter [nm]: 120 145 Length [nm]: - Structural components: core, internal lipid membrane, capsid Buoyant density [g/ml]: 1.26 1.")
1 Iridovirus Iridoviridae Nurith J. Jakob, Gholamreza Darai, Trevor Williams Chilo. ultrathin section of intracellular mature virus particles. Length of bar [nm]: 100. [courtesy of Hans R. Gelderblom] Virion Morphology: icosahedral Envelope: no Diameter [nm]: Length [nm]: - Structural components: core, internal lipid membrane, capsid Buoyant density [g/ml]: Additional information: a fringe of short fibrils (2.5 nm length) attached to the outer surface of the capsid reported in some isolates Genome Nucleic acid: DNA Strandedness: double-stranded Polarity: - Configuration: linear Segments: 1 Size [kb]: G+C content [%]: Transcription units:? Additional information: genome is circularly permuted and terminally redundant (12%); one isolate of 1 reported to comprise two genomic components 1
2 Replication Strategy Entry mechanism: Site of transcription: Transcriptase: Site of genome replication: Replicase: Replication intermediate: Site of virion assembly: Egress mechanism: Additional information: viropexis via pinocytosis nucleus host RNA polymerase I and virus-encoded DNA-dependent RNA polymerase nucleus probably by virus-encoded DNA-dependent DNA polymerase unknown virogenic stroma in cytoplasm exocytosis through extrusion of particles in vacuoles, budding through cell membrane, cell lysis particles form paracrystalline arrays in host cell cytoplasm History Year Event/Discovery Reference 1954 First (1) infection reported in Tipula paludosa (Diptera) larvae in Xeros N (1954) Nature 174: UK 1957 Iridescence phenomenon shown to be due to crystalline arrangement of particles in Williams RC, Smith KM (1957) Nature 179: host cells 1958 Icosahedral particle structure demonstrated by double shadowing Williams RC, Smith KM (1958) Biochim biophys Acta 28: shown to have extended host range (by injection) compared to other insect Smith KM, et al. (1961) Virology 13: viruses 1963 A second (2) isolated from Sericesthis pruinosa (Coleoptera) in Australia Steinhaus EA, Leutenegger R (1963) J Insect Pathol 5: shown to be remarkably infectious by injection Day MF, Mercer EH (1964) Aust J Biol Sci 17: Iridescent virus DNA compared with Frog Virus 3 and Poxviruses Bellett AJD, Fenner F (1968) J Virol 2: Capsid shown to consist of protein subunits arranged in tri- and pentasymmetrons Wrigley NG (1969) J Gen Virol 5: System of nomenclature proposed to cope with growing number of reports of infections Tinsley TW, Kelly DC (1970) J Invertebr Pathol 12: Complex particle ultrastructure revealed in detailed EM studies Stoltz DB (1971) J Ultrastruc Res 37: First detailed laboratory study of transmission routes Carter JB (1973) J Invertebr Pathol 21: Serological relationships summarized Kelly DC, et al. (1979) J Gen Virol 42: Genome of 6 shown to be circularly permuted and terminally redundant Delius H, et al. (1984) J Virol 49: Polypeptide complexity of 6 revealed Cerutti M, Devauchelle G (1985) Virology 145: An isolate of 1 shown to contain two DNA components Tajbakash S, et al. (1986) Biochem Cell Biol 64: Complex organization of repetitive DNA in genome of 6 reported Fischer M, et al. (1988) Virology 167: Complete sequence of 1 major capsid protein gene published Tajbakash S, et al. (1990) J Virol 64: Abundant inapparent infections reported in insect populations using PCR and insect Williams T (1993) Proc Roy Soc Lond B 251: bioassay 1994 Largest subunit of RNA polymerase II detected by DNA sequence analysis of 6 Schnitzler P, et al. (1994) J Gen Virol 75: Comparative genetic study of es performed; new nomenclature Williams T, Cory JS (1994) J Gen Virol 75: proposed 1997 One third of genome of 6 sequenced Bahr U, et al. (1997) Virus Genes 15: Capsid protein partial sequences compared among 18 IIV isolates Webby R, Kalmakoff J (1998) Arch Virol 143: Impact of inapparent infection quantified in mosquitoes infected by 6 Marina CF, et al. (1999) Oecologia 119: Detailed ultrastructure of 6 revealed Yan X, et al. (2000) Nat Struct Biol 7: Complete genome of 6 sequenced Jakob NJ, et al. (2001) Virology (in press) 2
3 Anticarsia gemmatalis Genus Members Species Abbr. Synonym(s) Wildtype AgIV Chilo (CIV) Tipula (TIV) Sericesthis iridescent virus (SIV) Wiseana iridescent virus (WIV) Costelytra zealandica (CzIV) Heliothis armigera (HaIV) Simulium iridescent virus (SIV) Heteronychus arator (BBIV) Apis cerana iridescent virus Bee IV Tenebrio molitor Heliothis zea (HzIV) Armadilidium vulgare 28 (28) Isopod iridescent virus isolates Host range (Lepidoptera) (Diptera) (Coleoptera) 9, 10, 18 (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera) (Coleoptera) 31, 32 (Lepidoptera, Hemiptera) (Diptera) (Coleoptera) (Hymenoptera) (Coleoptera) (Lepidoptera) Crustacea (Isopods) (Lepidoptera) Membership status Virus Code type species approved
4 Genetic map of Chilo (6). arrows represent selected genes; numbers of open reading frames and positions of ApaI restriction sites are indicated inside and outside the circular map, respectively. 4
5 Nucleotide Sequences Genomic Virus species Strain Nucleotides Accession Reference region number complete genome AF Jakob NJ, et al. (2001) Virology (in press) Proteins Protein Abbr. MW [kda] Time of expression Accession numbers Additional information DNA polymerase DPOL, 037L ( AAD48150 putative protein (6) 6) topoisomerase II TOPO2, 045L AAD48151 putative protein (6) (6) ATPase 075L (6) 30.2 AAB94422 putative protein (6) ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase RDR1, 085L AAB94427 putative protein (6) (large sub.) (6) protein-tyrosine phosphatase 123R (6) 16.4 AAB94448 putative protein (6) helicase 161L (6) 50.8 AAB94470 putative protein (6) global transactivator homolog 172L (6) 69.7 AAB94475 putative protein (6) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 DdRP1, 176R AAB94477 putative protein (6) (6) DNA ligase 205R (6) 70.2 AF putative protein (6) thymidylate synthase 225R (6) 34.0 AAD21329 putative protein (6) thymidylate kinase 251L (6) 24.8 AF putative protein (6) major capsid protein MCP, 274L ( late P18162, Q05815, forms a heterotetramer in 6 6) 0 P22166 ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase RDR2, 376L 42.2 AF putative protein (6) (small sub.) (6) serine-threonine protein kinase 389L (6) 47.7 AF putative protein (6) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 DdRP2, 428L AF putative protein (6) (6) L96 protein L96 96 late P22856 may be involved in packaging of 1 genomic DNA 5
6 Biology Virus Permissive species cell lines 1 Sf-9, Sf-21, C6/36, fat body, epidermis, haemocytes, BTI-EAA muscle 6 many insect cell lines fat body, epidermis, haemocytes, gut, muscle Tissue tropism Cytopathic effects Additional information cell fusion, cytoplasmic stroma, cell blebbing cell rounding, fusion, cytoplasmic stroma reported to cause epidermal tumours in Bombyx mori very broad host range by injection Diseases Disease patent IIV disease sublethal IIV disease Causative agent all genus s 6, 22 Affected organism invertebrates, esp. Diptera, Ephemeroptera Characteristics lavender or blue patent colour change followed by death reduced fecundity, longevity and body size, non-lethal Route of transmission unknown unknown Geographic distribution world-wide UK and Czech Republic Key References Darai G (1990) Molecular Biology of Iridoviruses. Kluwer Academic Publications, Boston, pp 305 Delius H, et al. (1984) DNA analysis of insect 6: evidence for circular permution and terminal redundancy. J Virol 49: Bahr U, et al. (1997) The DNA sequence of Chilo between the genome coordinates and Virus Genes 15: McMillan NAJ, Kalmakoff J (1994) Virus Res 32: Ward VK, Kalmakoff J (1991) In: Kurstak E (ed.) Viruses of s. Marcel Dekker, NY, pp Webby R, Kalmakoff J (1998) Arch Virol 143: Webby R, Kalmakoff J (1999) Virus Res 59: Williams T (1998) Iridescent Viruses. In: Miller L, Ball A (eds.) The Insect Viruses. Plenum Press NY, pp Williams T, Cory JS (1994) J Gen Virol 75:
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