ICTVdB Virus Descriptions

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1 [Home] [Index of Viruses ] [Descriptions] [ Character List ] [ Picture Gallery ] [ Interactive Key ] [ Data Entry] [ 2002 ICTV] ICTVdB Virus Descriptions Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may therefore be pointing to sections that are not yet described. Links to other descriptions may also point to a document that has not yet been published. 52. Picornaviridae Table of Contents Taxonomy Original Source and History of Virus Virion Properties Morphology Physicochemical and Physical Properties Nucleic Acid Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Taxonomy Genome Organization and Replication Infectivity Replication Function of Helper and Satellite Viruses Cytopathology Antigenic Properties Serological Relationships Diagnosis Biological Properties Symptoms and Host Range Transmission Geographic Distribution Ecology and Control Diagnostic and Methods Taxonomic Structure General Comments References Data sources and Contributors Related Databases Additional Data Sources and Teaching aids Virus Code. 52. Virus Accession number

2 Properties of Virion Morphology Comments: There are a number of small RNA viruses that have been described for which the taxonomic status is not known. These include the following: 1 - three acid stable viruses of horses, two of which belong to a single serotype. Their properties are similar to equine rhinoviruses, which themselves vary in acid liability. 2 - several diseases of domesticated birds caused by small RNA viruses which have often been referred to as 'enteroviruses'. They include avian encephalomyelitis (AEV), duck hepatitis virus types I and III (type II is an astrovirus), avian nephritis virus (ANV) and a number of poorly characterised isolates. 3 - at least 25 small RNA viruses from various insect species. These are described in the literature as picornaviruses, or picornavirus-like viruses. The position of all these viruses within the family Picornaviridae is currently under review. They include agents such as bee acute paralysis, bee slow paralysis, bee virus X, Drosophila P and A viruses, sacbrood virus, Queensland fruitfly virus, Triatoma virus and aphid lethal paralysis virus. 4 - viruses morphologically resembling picornaviruses isolated from harbor seals and sea bass. 5 - Members of the family Sequiviridae have many properties in common with picornaviruses. Virus infects vertebrates. Description is on taxonomic level of family. Virions not enveloped. Nucleocapsids isometric; (22-)27-30 nm in diameter. Symmetry icosahedral (T=1, pseudo T=3). Nucleocapsids appear to be round. 12 capsomers per nucleocapsid. Incomplete virus particles often present; they are empty capsids. Physicochemical an Physical Properties Nucleic Acid Molecular mass (Mr) of virion 8-9 x 106. Buoyant density g cm-3 in CsCl. Sedimentation coefficient S. Under in vitro conditions virions relatively stable, or not stable; in mild acid environment; virions relatively stable; in presence of cation. Virions not sensitive by chloroform, di-ethyl ether, and non-ionic detergents. Virions contain one molecule of linear positive-sense single stranded RNA.

3 Proteins Lipids Total genome length is nt. The 5' end of the genome has a genome-linked protein (VPg). 5'-terminus has a poly (C) tract (in some viruses). 5'-terminus has near the terminus. 3' end has a poly (A) tract. Five structural virion proteins found. Virion structural proteins are not glycosylated. Virions contain 0 % lipid. Genome Organization and Replication Antigenic Properties Genomic nucleic acid infectious. Genome replicates in cytoplasm (in complexes associated with membranes). Serological Relationships Biological Properties Antigen determinants are type-specific, or group-specific (to which they are converted after gentle heating). Antigen determinants that possess type-specific reactivity are found on the designated "N" and "D" for polivirus. Antigen determinants that possess group-specific reactivity are found on the designated "H" and "C" for polivirus. Antigenic specificity of virion can be determined by neutralization tests, or hemagglutination inhibition tests (some species only), or complement fixation tests, or ELISA tests (using a capture format), or immunodiffusion tests. Classification of members of this taxon based on their antigenic properties. Symptoms and Host Range Host of virus belongs to the Domain Eucarya. Host of virus belongs to the Kingdom Animalia. Phylum Chordata and Arthropoda. Subphylum Vertebrata. Class Aves and Mammalia. Order Primates, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Rodentia. Experimental Host Range and Symptoms Few (<3) families susceptible, or many (>9) families susceptible (in case of Cardiovirus and Aphtovirus). Transmission

4 Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Geographic Distribution Taxonomic Structure References Probably distributed world-wide. Taxonomic structure of the family. Genus Enterovirus (VC ), Genus Rhinovirus (VC ), Genus Hepatovirus (VC ), and Genus Cardiovirus (VC ). Unclassified viruses: 52.0.U cricket paralysis virus; 52.0.U Drosophila C virus; 52.0.U equine rhinovirus; 52.0.U equine rhinovirus; 52.0.U equine rhinovirus 3; 52.0.U Gonometa virus. The significance of the reported serological cross-reaction between CrPV and EMCV is not presently understood. The following references are cited in the Sixth ICTV Report: rf_picor.htm. Data sources and contributors. Related Databases The above description has been compiled from the data presented in the Sixth ICTV Report by Minor PD, Brown F, Domingo E, Hoey E, King A, Knowles N, Lemon S, Palmenberg A, Rueckert RR, Stanway G, Wimmer E, Yin-Murphy M. World Wide Web tutorial on virus provided by Virology Departments, University of Leicester, UK: ( ). Taxon images: vsd16_c.jpg Description generated automatically from DELTA-format data.

5 Web Page by: C. Büchen-Osmond Developer of the software to create this webpage: M. J. Dallwitz ICTV and DELTA related References [Home] [Index of Viruses ] [Descriptions] [ Character List ] [ Interactive Key ] [ Data Entry] Note:The ICTV database is under development and is subject to changes and corrections. If you have questions about this project please contact us. Your comments and help will be appreciated ICTV. All rights reserved Contact Cornelia Büchen-Osmond. Created: April 1995 Last updated: 28 June 2002.