Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Disease

Transcription

1 Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Disease

2 INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PATHOGENESIS Series Editors: Allen L. Honeyman and Herman Friedman, University South Florida College of Medicine Mauro Bendinelli, University of Pisa Recent volumes in this series: DNA TUMOR VIRUSES Oncogenic Mechanisms Edited by Giuseppe Barbanti-Brodano, Mauro Bendinelli, and Herman Friedman ENTERIC INFECTIONS AND IMMUNITY Edited by Lois J Paradise, Mauro Bendinelli, and Herman Friedman HERPESVIRUSES AND IMMUNITY Edited by Peter G. Medveczky, Herman Friedman, and Mauro Bendinelli HUMAN RETROVIRAL INFECTIONS Immunological and Therapeutic Control Edited by Kenneth E. Ugen, Mauro Bendinelli, and Herman Friedman MICROORGANISMS AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Edited by Herman Friedman, Noel R. Rose, and Mauro Bendinelli OPPORTUNISTIC INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA AND IMMUNITY Edited by Lois J. Paradise, Herman Friedman, and Mauro Bendinelli PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AS AN OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN Edited by Mario Campa, Mauro Bendinelli, and Herman Friedman PULMONARY INFECTIONS AND IMMUNITY Edited by Herman Chmel, Mauro Bendinelli, and Herman Friedman RAPID DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS Edited by Steven Specter, Mauro Bendinelli, and Herman Friedman RICKETTSIAL INFECTION AND IMMUNITY Edited by Burt Anderson, Herman Friedman, and Mauro Bendinelli STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION AND DISEASE Edited by Allen L. Honeyman, Herman Friedman, and Mauro Bendinelli A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

3 Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Disease

4 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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12 Contents 1. The Regulation of Virulence in the Staphylococci Small Colony Variants of Staphylococcus aureus: Mechanisms for Production, Biology of Infection, and Clinical Significance ,....,

13 3. Capsule Production Capsule and Vaccine Development Superantigen Activation of Macrophages

14 CONTENTS xvii 3. Macrophage-Superantigen Interactions Macrophages Have Disparate Responses to Staphylococcal Superantigens The MHC II Has Two Distinct Superantigen Binding Epitopes that Regulate Macrophage Responses The Low Affinity Superantigen Epitopes Control IL Superantigen-Mediated MHC I Receptor Cross-Linking Enhances Macrophage Activation Contribution of Macrophage-Response Genes in Superantigen Pathogenesis Conclusion References Toxin Production JEREMY M. YARWOOD and PATRICK M. SCHLIEVERT 1. Introduction Toxin Production Profiles and Disease Association Regulation and Control of Toxin Production Toxin Processing and Secretion References Staphylococcal Enterotoxins SHUPING ZHANG and GEORGE C. STEWART 1. Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Enterotoxins Enterotoxin Mode of Action A Rose by Any Other Name Pyrogenic Toxin Superantigens Enterotoxin Role in Staphylococcal Diseases Nature of the Genetic Elements Encoding the Enterotoxins Expression and Regulation of Enterotoxin Genes References

15 8. Staphylococcal Extracellular/Surface Enzymatic Activity Surface Protein Anchoring and Display in Staphylococci Pore-forming Cytolysins α and γ-hemolysins and Leukocidin from Stahylococcus aureus

16 Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by Nonprofessional Phagocytes

17 13. Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis Global Regulation of Virulence Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Index