Dry mass yield from sainfoin in binary mixtures with ryegrass and cocksfoot

Transcription

1 Dry mass yiel from sainfoin in binary mixtures with ryegrass an cocksfoot Vasilev E. in Porqueu C. (e.), Tavares e Sousa M.M. (e.). Sustainable Meiterranean grasslans an their multi-functions Zaragoza : CIHEAM / FAO / ENMP / SPPF Options Méiterranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méiterranéens; n pages Article available on line / Article isponible en ligne à l aresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Vasilev E. Dry mass yiel from sainfoin in binary mixtures with ryegrass an cocksfoot. In : Porqueu C. (e.), Tavares e Sousa M.M. (e.). Sustainable Meiterranean grasslans an their multifunctions. Zaragoza : CIHEAM / FAO / ENMP / SPPF, p (Options Méiterranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méiterranéens; n. 79)

2 Dry mass yiel from sainfoin in binary mixtures with ryegrass an cocksfoot E. Vasilev Institute of Forage Crops, 89 Gen. Vl. Vazov Str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria SUMMARY A fiel trial uner non-irrigate conitions was carrie out in Central North Bulgaria. Two sainfoin populations, cultivar Jubilejna an the new selecte No. 239 were teste in pure stans, an in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass an cocksfoot uner cutting regime of utilization. Sainfoin ha a bigger portion in mixtures with ryegrass in secon an thir cut as compare to the mixture with cocksfoot. The mixtures were less infeste than pure sainfoin, but the mixtures with ryegrass were more infeste than those with cocksfoot. On average for three years the ry mass yiel from sainfoin No. 239 was 2 higher than that from sainfoin Jubilejna in pure stans, an 19% higher on average for mixtures with grasses. There was no ifference in the average annual ry mass yiel from pure sainfoin stans as compare to those from mixtures, but consiering wee proportion, the mixtures showe avantages. Keywors: Sainfoin, perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, mixtures. RESUME "Renement en matière sèche u sainfoin en association binaire avec u ray-grass et u actyle". Un essai en champ a été fait ans es conitions non irriguées en Bulgarie Centrale u Nor. Deux populations e sainfoin, la variété "Jubilejna" et le N o 239 nouvellement sélectionné, ont été etuiées ans es semis purs et ans es associations binaires avec ray-grass anglais et actyle au régime e coupes pour foin. Le sainfoin représentait une portion plus grane ans les associations avec le ray-grass pour les première et troisième coupes en comparaison à l'association avec le actyle. Les associations étaient moins envahies par les mauvaises herbes que le sainfoin pur, mais les associations avec le ray-grass étaient plus envahies par les mauvaises herbes que celles avec le actyle. En moyenne pour trois ans, le renement en matière sèche u sainfoin n o 239 était plus élevée e 2 en comparaison au sainfoin "Jubilejna" ans es semis purs et e 19% en moyenne pour les associations avec les céréales. Il n'y avait pas e ifférence ans le renement moyen annuel en matière sèche es semis purs e sainfoin en comparaison à ceux es associations, mais en vue e la portion es mauvaises herbes, les associations ont es avantages. Mots-clés : Sainfoin, ray-grass anglais, actyle, associations. Introuction Sainfoin is a suitable component of perennial grass-legume mixtures uner nonirrigate conitions (Chakarov, 1998). It cohabits very well with other perennial grass an legume species, wee infestation is twice lower, an ry mass is higher as compare to pure stan (Chakarov an Dimitrova, 2003; Vasilev, 2004). Accoring to the authors, in a mixe stan of smooth bromegrass an sainfoin cultivar "Jubilejna", the crue protein yiel was 49% higher than that from a pure stan. Cocksfoot cultivar "Dabrava" an perennial ryegrass cultivar "Meretti" have not been stuie as components of binary mixtures with sainfoin. The objective of this stuy was to etermine the botanical composition of swar an ry mass yiel from two sainfoin synthetic populations (cultivar "Jubilejna" an the new selecte No. 239) in binary mixtures with cocksfoot an perennial ryegrass uner cutting regime of utilization. Materials an methos A fiel trial was carrie out uner nonirrigate conitions uring the perios. Long plot metho was use with four replications an recor plot size of 10 m 2. Soil subtype was slightly leache chernozem, poorly supplie with nitrogen an phosphorus, an well supplie with potassium. Soil solution ph was 6.4. Two sainfoin populations, cultivar "Jubilejna" an the new selecte No. 239 were teste in pure stans an in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass (cultivar "Meretti") an with Options Méiterranéennes, Series A, No

3 cocksfoot (cultivar Dabrava). Before basic cultivation 300 kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 an 150 kg ka -1 K 2 O were applie as reserve fertilizing epening on soil supply. Nitrogen was applie at the time of sowing (50 kg ha -1 ). Chemical wee control was not conucte. Sainfoin was sown at a sowing rate of 120 kg ha -1 nonpoe see, an perennial ryegrass an cocksfoot at 25 kg ha -1. The legume:grass ratio was 1:1 in the mixe stans. The first cut of swars was one at early flowering stage of sainfoin, but the others at the herbage height of 30 cm. Two cuts were obtaine in the year of trial establishment, three cuts in 2004 an 2006, an four in Data on botanical composition an ry mass yiel on average for the perio after trial establishment is shown in this article. Experimental ata on ry mass yiel was submitte to analysis of variance an means were compare to those obtaine from pure sainfoin stan using LSD. Results an iscussion Biological characteristics of sainfoin an grasses in the ifferent cuts, forme uner respective meteorological conitions, etermine ynamics in botanical composition of the swar. Uner a haycutting regime of utilization, sainfoin an grasses forme reprouctive stems mainly in first cut, an represente 65% of annual yiel. In the next cuts they forme stems an leaves only (Chakarov, 1998; Katova 2005; Vasilev, 2006). Sainfoin as a component of the swars ominate in all stans an cuts (Fig. 1). Its participation was lower in the fourth cut for mixtures. On the contrary, grasses took a bigger portion in the fourth cut. Cocksfoot as more rought resistant, took a bigger portion in mixtures uring the summer (secon an thir cut) than ryegrass. It was foun that sainfoin No. 239 ha a bigger portion in mixture with cocksfoot than cultivar "Jubilejna". The mixtures give more flexible swars (more efficient use of biotic an abiotic factors) were less infeste than pure stans. The mixtures with ryegrass were more infeste than those with cocksfoot except for the fourth cut. First cut J 239 J + R R J + C C R C Thir cut 10 Secon cut Fourth cut Jubileyna 239 Ryegrass Cocksfoot Wees Fig. 1. Botanical composition on average for the perio. On average for the perio, the most prouctive species was sainfoin, followe by cocksfoot an ryegrass (Table 1). In the first cut mixtures were higher prouctive than pure stans, but only the ry mass yiel of the mixtures with cultivar "Jubilejna" exceee the pure stan of "Jubilejna". In the secon cut the ry mass yiel of the pure sainfoin stans exceee those of the mixtures except for the mixture "Jubilejna" with cocksfoot. In the thir an fourth cuts no ifferences 242 Options Méiterranéennes, Series A, No. 79

4 were foun between pure sainfoin stans an respective mixtures. The average annual yiel obtaine from the mixture Jubilejna" an cocksfoot exceee significantly the yiel obtaine from pure stan of "Jubilejna". Table1. Dry mass yiel on average for the perio (kg ha -1 ) Treatments Cuts 1 Jubilejna 5693 b 2632 b 1583 b 240 ab b No ab 3289 a 1845 b 256 a a Jubilejna + Ryegrass 6647 ab 2194 bc 1430 bc 238 ab b No Ryegrass 7347 a 2672 b 1625 b 255 a ab Jubilejna+ Cocksfoot 6887 ab 2533 bc 1811 b 242 ab ab No Cocksfoot 7222 a 2624 b 2069 a 238 ab a Ryegrass 2090 c b 4023 c Cocksfoot 2275 c bc 213 ab 4914 c 48.4 LSD 5% a, b c, Different letters in the same column enote significant ifference (P< 0.05) between means. Depening on sainfoin population average for the teste swars, it was foun that No. 239 was more prouctive than "Jubilejna" in the first, secon an annual yiel (Table 2). Table 2. Average ry mass yiel of teste swars epening on sainfoin population, on average for the perio (kg ha -1 ) Sainfoin populations CUTS Sainfoin cultivar Jubilejna" 6409 ab 2453 b 1608 b 240 a b Sainfoin No a 2861 a 1846 a 250 a a LSD 5% a, b Different letters in the same column enote significant ifference (P< 0.05) between means. The ry mass yiel of both mixtures exceee that of the pure stan in the first cut, but they were less prouctive in the secon (Table 3). In the thir cut the highest yiel was obtaine in the mixture with cocksfoot, followe by the pure stan, an by the mixture with ryegrass. There was no ifference in the forth cut as well as in the average annual yiel. Table 3. Dry mass yiel epening on the type of stan, average for the perio (kg ha -1 ) Type of stan CUTS 1. Pure stan of sainfoin 6266 ab 2960 a 1714 ab 248 a ab Mixture with ryegrass 6997 a 2433 b 1527 ab 246 a ab Mixture with cocksfoot 7054 a 2578 b 1940 a 240 a a LSD 5% a, b Different letters in the same column enote significant ifference (P< 0.05) between means. Options Méiterranéennes, Series A, No

5 Conclusions Sainfoin ha a bigger portion in mixtures with ryegrass in secon an thir cut as compare to the mixture with cocksfoot. The mixtures were less infeste than pure sainfoin, but the mixtures with ryegrass were more infeste than those with cocksfoot. On average for three years the ry mass yiel from sainfoin No. 239 was higher by 2 than sainfoin "Jubilejna" in pure stans, an by 19% on average for mixtures with grasses. There was no ifference in the average annual ry mass yiel from pure sainfoin stans as compare to those from mixtures, but consiering the wee portion, the mixtures ha avances. References Chakarov, R. an Dimitrova, Ts. (2003). Stuy of creste wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) in a mixture with newly evelope varieties of perennial legumes. Journal of Mountain Stockbreeing an Agriculture, 6: Chakarov, R. (1998). Nutrient content an prouctivity of grasses in pure stans an in mixtures with legumes. Plant Science, Sofia, 35, 9: Katova, A. (2005). Evaluation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) local populations: Forage an see prouctivity. Plant Science, Sofia, 42: Vasilev, E., (2006). Dry matter yiel from sainfoin in binary mixtures with cocksfoot an perennial ryegrass. Fiel Crops Stuies, Dobrouja Agricultural Institute, 3, 4: Vasilev, E. (2004). Forage prouctivity of some Bulgarian lucerne cultivars in mixtures with grasses. In Proceeings of the 20 th General Meeting of the European Grasslan Feeration, Luzern, Switzerlan, 2004, Luscher, A., Jeangros, B., Kessler, W., Huguenin, O., Lobsiger, M., Millar, N. an Suter, D. (es). Grasslan Science in Europe, 9, pp Options Méiterranéennes, Series A, No. 79