2015/5/29. Research members. Background (2/4) Background (1/4)

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. Exchange seminar Relationship between Indoor Environmental Factors and Child Health Problems in China ~ Outline and preliminary results ~ Toru Otake (Tohoku univ.

1 . Exchange seminar Relationship between Indoor Environmental Factors and Child Health Problems in China ~ Outline and preliminary results ~ Toru Otake (Tohoku univ.) Research members Representative: Hiroshi Yoshino ( Tohoku Univ., Japan) U Yanagi ( Kogakuin Univ.) Kenichi Hasegawa (Akita Prefecture Univ.) Atsushi Iwamae (Kinki Univ.) Zhang Qingyuan (Tsukuba College of tech.) Naoki Kagi (Tokyo Instutute of tech.) Tomonobu Goto (Tohoku univ.) Li Zhenhai (Tongji Univ.) Zhang Huibo (Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.) Xie jingchao (Beijing Univ. of Technology) Ly yang (Dalian Univ. of Technolog) Liu jing (Harbin Institute of Technology) Background (/) Childhood allergic diseases were increasing worldwide. Ex) In Japan, allergic diseases of children are increasing. Ex) asthma, respiratory symptoms etc. The latest prevalence of asthma in pupils is as double as that in the past years. Prevalence of asthma[%]..... Kindergarten Elementary school Junior high school High school Background (/) The reason of increment in allergic diseases is not clear. However, indoor environmental factors should be part of the reasons for allergic diseases. Dampness in buildings has recently been shown to be associated with adverse health effect on occupants such as causing allergies * Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Shanghai: mild and humid region Vaper Condensation & frost damage High humidity & mold

health problems, we have designed an epidemiological investigation to th and th grade

Shanghai The problems will probably increase.

Preliminary results of Phase Phase : Case-Control study by questionnaire Investigated

Target : th and th grade students (n=68) Location : Shanghai, Beijing, Dalian, Harbin

2 Background (/) How about in China? Harbin Beijing Dalian Harbin: extremely cold region Beijing, Dalian : cold region Shanghai: mild and humid region Vaper Condensation & frost damage High humidity & mold Background (/) In order to clarify the association between the indoor environment and health problems, we have designed an epidemiological investigation to th and th grade students in China. In the future Airtight and insulation will be improved. Shanghai The problems will probably increase. 6 Contents Outline: Design of Epidemiological investigation ) Background ) Outline ) Preliminary results of Phase Phase : Case-Control study by questionnaire Investigated period :.~. Target : th and th grade students (n=68) Location : Shanghai, Beijing, Dalian, Harbin To determine the association between environmental factors and adverse health effects by statistical methods. ) Preliminary results of Phase 7 Phase : Case-Control study by field measurements Investigated period :.~. Target : Children/dwellings choosen from Phase (n=) Location : Shanghai, Beijing, Dalian, Harbin To determine the association between environmental factors and adverse health effects by taking account of actual environment. 8

Health problems Indoor environment Building characteristics Outline: Outline of Phase (/) 8 questions Ex) Indoor environment Installed equipment Occupant behavior Building performance Occupant

3 Outline: Outline of Phase (/) This survey conducted during.~. Questionnaires were distributed to the parents of th and th grade students. (n=6) The parents returned a completed questionnaire by mail one week later. Health problems Indoor environment Building characteristics Outline: Outline of Phase (/) 8 questions Ex) Indoor environment Installed equipment Occupant behavior Building performance Occupant characteristics Health problems The American Thoracic Society-Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD) questionnaire was used as a simple tool to evaluate the prevalence of several allergic symptoms. These symptoms were judged by a combination of valid responses to specific questions. 9 Outline: Outline of Phase (/) Outline: Outline of Phase (/) Harbin:/ Beijing:/ Dalian:/ Shanghai: 9/ Exposure measurements will be conducted for dwellings including children with symptoms and healthy children. This survey had been done during winter season (.~.) Another survey in summer season has been conducted. (.7~.9) This data is not included in this presentation. The following measurements were conducted Indoor (and outdoor) temperature and humidity CO concentration Mold and SVOC in house dust VOCs concentration (Indoor and Outdoor) Airborne fungi concentration (Indoor and Outdoor) PM. PM (Indoor and Outdoor) Occupants health condition (Interview)

4 Contents Preliminary results of Phase (/) Harbin:7/ ) Background ) Outline ) Preliminary results of Phase ) Preliminary results of Phase Beijing:/ Dalian:/ Shanghai: 99/99 6/6 Distributed Questionnaire : 6. of Respondent : 6 (Response Ratio : 9.7%) Preliminary results of Phase (/) Allergic symptoms of children Continuous cough Continuous sputum Wheezing Hay fever(including similar symptoms) Hyperrsthesia of airway atopic dermatitis Asthma(presently) Asthma(historical) Allergic predisposition At least one allergic symptom at present At least one allergic symptom at present (including before) Harbin(%) Beijing(%) Dalian(%) Shanghai(%) Total(%) N=7 N= N= N= N=6 At least one allergic symptom at present The percentage of the children with current allergic symptoms were 6%. The highest region is Shanghai (%) and lowest region is Beijing (%). Preliminary results of Phase (/) Harbin(%) Beijing(%) Dalian(%) Shanghai(%) Total(%) Moisture environment 度数度数度数度数度数 N=77 N= N=8 N=6 N= 7 7 Spring Summer Feel damp (Living room) Autumn Winter Spring 6 N=9 N= N=8 N=8 N=6 Summer 8 Feel dry (Living room) 69 Autumn Winter Spring N=79 N= N=8 N= 7 Summer Feel damp (Child's room) Autumn Winter Spring N=98 N=9 N=89 N=6 N=66 Summer 8 76 Feel dry (Child's room) Autumn 77 7 Winter Damp The highest rate appears in summer. (Spring is also high in Shanghai) There is no difference among seasons in Harbin. Dry The highest rate appears in winter. (Autumn is also high in Shanghai) 6

Preliminary results of Phase (/) Dampnes index

Total(%) Vapor condensation Living room N=7 68

Children room 9 8 8 8 7 Visible mold Living

76 7 8 8 8 7 6 6 Visible damp stain Living

7 8 8 9 78 7 7 6 7 8 Vapor condensation Vapor

results of Phase ) Preliminary results of

5 Preliminary results of Phase (/) Dampnes index Harbin(%) Beijing(%) Dalian(%) Shanghai(%) Total(%) Vapor condensation Living room N=7 68 N= 6 N= 96 N= 6 N= Children room Visible mold Living room Child's room N=7 7 N= N= N= N= Visible damp stain Living room Child's room 8 8 N=7 8 N= 8 N= N= 88 N= Vapor condensation Vapor condensation is appeared in about half of dwelling. Contents ) Background ) Outline ) Preliminary results of Phase ) Preliminary results of Phase Visible mold and damp stain Visible mold and damp stain in Dalian & Harbin were appeared more than that in Beijing and Shanghai. 7 8 Phase : Pictures (Shanghai) Phase : Pictures (Shanghai) 9

Phase : Pictures (Harbin) Preliminary results of Phase (/) Living room temperature [ ] Living room RH [%] 8 6 % There is a difference between Shanghai

(%) Shanghai:Tongji University Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Living room temperature [ ] Living room HR [kg/kgda] Preliminary results of Phase

Why the temperature is different? District heating systems are used in Beijing, Dalian, and Harbin. Room air conditioners are used in Shanghai.

6 Phase : Pictures (Harbin) Preliminary results of Phase (/) Living room temperature [ ] Living room RH [%] 8 6 % There is a difference between Shanghai (ST), (SJ) and the others. ( ) Relative humidity (RH) in Shanghai is higher than the other city s. (%) Shanghai:Tongji University Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Living room temperature [ ] Living room HR [kg/kgda] Preliminary results of Phase (/) There is no difference about humidity ratio (HR). The difference of relative humidity is due to temperature difference. Why the temperature is different? District heating systems are used in Beijing, Dalian, and Harbin. Room air conditioners are used in Shanghai. Shanghai:Tongji University Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Preliminary results of Phase (/) Airbone fungus [cfu/m ] LR CR LR CR LR CR LR CR LR CR Shanghai (ST)Shanghai (SJ) Beijing Dalian Harbin LR : Living room CR : Child s room 6

7 Preliminary results of Phase (/) Airbone fungus [cfu/m ] South region rth region Preliminary results of Phase (/) Airbone fungus [cfu/m ] 8[cfu/m ] [cfu/m ] 9[cfu/m ] 9[cfu/m ] LR CR LR CR LR CR LR CR LR CR Shanghai (ST)Shanghai (SJ) Beijing Dalian Harbin Airborne fungus in rth region is higher than that in South region. LR CR LR CR LR CR LR CR LR CR Shanghai (ST)Shanghai (SJ) Beijing Dalian Harbin Fig. Average of total airborne fungus The highest airborne fungus appeared in Dalian ( [cfu/m ] ) The median in Dalian is the highest of all area. 6 Summary Future Works Summary: We have designed an epidemiological investigation to th and th grade students in China. The outline and preliminary results were presented. In phase, the percentage of the children with current allergic symptoms were 6%. In phase, there are some dwellings which have dampness problem. Ex) Feel damp, vapor condensation, visible mold, and damp stain. In phase, the temperature is different between south region and north region. In phase, airborne fungus in north region is higher than that in south region. Future works. For Phase, statistical analysis to clarify the association between the environmental factors and health problems.. For Phase, determining the relationship between children health and actual environment. Ex) The relationship between children health and temperature, humidity, airborne fungus, and so on

Y. Hu 1, W. Liu 1, C. Huang 1, Z. J. Zou 1, Z. H. Zhao 2, L. Shen 1, J. Sundell 3

Y. Hu 1, W. Liu 1, C. Huang 1, Z. J. Zou 1, Z. H. Zhao 2, L. Shen 1, J. Sundell 3 Indoor Air 2014; 24: 450 463 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ina Printed in Singapore. All rights reserved 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd INDOOR AIR doi:10.1111/ina.12104