Index. Bacterial infection of joint, immobilization

Transcription

1 Index ADP (Adenosine diphosphate), 65--Q6 Ambulation, early or postoperative, 8 Anemia, pressure sore formation in, Antagonist muscles, 72 Arteriovenous shunting, bed rest and, ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), 65--Q6 Atrophic muscles, management of, Bacterial infection of joint, immobilization for, 103 Bed rest (see also Immobilization) arteriovenous shunting in, dizziness following, 17 exercise tolerance and, 13 fainting and, 11, 17 heart rate and, 16 orthostatic intolerance and, pneumonia following, stroke volume and, therapeutic implications of, 5-9 venous thrombosis in, 22 Bladder evacuation, immobilization and, 3 Blood flow, thrombosis and, 21 Blood pressure, resting, 12 Blood volume, bed rest and, 13 Bone, immobilization effects on (see also Osteoporosis), Bone demineralization, 44 Bone density measurements, 48 Bone resorption diphosphanates and, hypervascularity and, 38 Braces, in muscle paralysis, 86~ Calcitonin, in osteoporosis, 56 Calcium, loss of (see also Hypercalciuria; Urinary calcium), 45 Carbon dioxide, removal of, 1-2 Cardiac output, in sitting position, 13 Cardiomyopathy, bed rest in, 6 Cardiovascular function, 12-13, 15 Casts, in joint immobilization, 108 Circulation immobilization and, muscular activity and, 1-2 Congestive heart failure,

2 152 Contractures in immobilization, spasticity and, 103 Deconditioning, bed rest and, Decubitus ulcers classification of, development of, prevention of, treatment of, Degenerative arthritis, joint immobilization and, 104 Denervated muscle, degeneration in, management of, Diphosphanates, bone resorption and,57-58 Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, 79 Elastic stockings, in venous thrombosis,25 Electrical stimulation, in muscle paralysis, Electrotherapy, in muscle atrophy and denervation, Estradiol, bone resorption and, 56 Exercise tolerance, bed rest and, Fainting, following bed rest, 11, 17 Finger joints, immobilization of, ~Fluorohydrocortisone, 19 Food, aspiration of, Functional electrical stimulation, in muscle paralysis, Gastrointestinal tract, immobilization and, 3 Heart, see Cardiac function; Cardiovascular function Heart rate bed rest and, 16 exercise and, 14 Heart volume, bed rest and, 12, 16 Hepatitis, bed rest and, 6 Herniorrhapy, discharge following, 8 Hydraulic lifts, 94 Hydroxyproline, urinary excretion of, 33, Hypercalcemia, immobilization and,49-51 Hypercalciuria (see also Urinary calcium), 33, 51 hydroxyproline excretion and, 33,48 in lower-extremity fractures, 45 phosphate supplementation in, 55 thiazides and, 5 Hypertrophic atrophy of bone, 41 Hypervascularity, bone resorption and,38 Hypotension, orthostatic, 20 Immobilization (see also Bed rest) air exchange in, 27 bladder evacuation and, 3 bone and, circulation and, defined, emotional effects of, gastrointestinal tract and, 3 general aspects of, 1-9

3 153 Immobilization (continued) heart rate and, 4, 16 heart volume and, 12, 16 hypercalcemia and, after injury, 15 intellectual effects of, of joints, muscle paralysis and, 75-77, nervous system response in, 2 nitrogen excretion in, 4 physical inactivity and, , physical therapy and, primary and secondary, 127 psychological treatment in, research in, respiration in, sensory deprivation in, sensory feedback in, 2 social effects of, 141 sulfate and nitrogen excretion in, 4 venous thrombosis in, Immobilization osteoporosis (see also Osteoporosis), localized, metabolic studies in, Inactivity, see Immobilization Incontinence, bed rest and, 3 Injury, immobilization following, 15 Isometric exercises, for atrophic and denervated muscles, Isotonic exercises, Isotope-kinetic analysis, Joint immobilization, exercises in, Joint immobilization (continued) muscle paralysis and, 103 pain in, 105 prevention of, stretching in, Joints, functional evaluation of, Ketosteroid excretion, in immobilization, 4 Knee joints, immobilization of, Magic Mountain, The (Mann), 7-8 Motion, bodily organization for, 1-2 Motorized wheelchairs, Motor unit, skeletal muscle and, Muscle activity demands of, 1 fuel and oxygen in, osteoporosis and, 38 Muscle contraction force of, 68-70, stretching and, 71 Muscle denervation electrotherapy in, strength-duration curve in, Muscle fibers, contractile characteristics of, Muscle paralysis braces in, electrical stimulation in, immobilization and, joint immobilization and, 103 management of, splints in, Muscles (see also Skeletal muscles) atrophy of, 78-79

4 154 Muscles (continued) contracted, fast-twitch and slow-twitch, 67~ flaccid, 76 immobilization and, physiology of, skeletal, see Skeletal muscles splinting and, 78 Muscle strength, index of, Muscle testing, Muscular dystrophy, 79 Myocardial infarctions armchair management of, 6 venous thrombosis in, 24 Myofibrils, 65 Nephrocalcinosis, 33 Nephrolithiasis, 33 Nitrogen excretion, in immobilization, 4 Orthostatic hypotension, 20 Orthostatic tolerance, Orthotics, in muscle paralysis, Oscillating bed, in hypercalciuria, 52 Osteitis, rarifying, 34 Osteoporosis bone destruction in, 41 calcitonin in, 56 in females, 44 immobilization in, localized, 36, muscle inactivity and, 38 parathyroid and thyroid hormones in, Oxygen uptake, exercises and, 16 Paget's disease, 57 Paralyzed patient, locomotion for, Paraplegics bone loss in, osteoporosis in, 53 venous thrombosis in, 23 Parathyroid hormone, osteoporosis and,40 Phosphate supplementation, in hypercalciuria, Photon beam densitometry, 34 "Physical fitness" concept, 2 PhYSical inactivity (see also Immobilization), , Physiology and Pathology of Bed Rest, The (Browse), 5 Piezoelectric currents, osteoporosis and, 39 Pneumonia, following bed rest, Poliomyelitis acute anterior, 46 contractures in, 79 osteoporosis and, 53 overwork muscle weakness in, 82 testosterone in, 58 Postoperative ambulation, 8 Pressure, tissue breakdown in, Pressure sores anemia and, prevention of, Psychological effects, Pyrophosphate, urinary excretion of,47-48 Quadriplegics bone loss in, 45-49

5 155 Quadriplegics (continued) corticoid excretion by, 20 furictional electrical stimulators for, hypercalcemia in, 51 muscle overwork weakness in, 82 venous thrombosis in, 23 Recumbency, low pressure baroreceptors in (see also Bed rest), Renal pelvis, urine stagnation in, 3 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systern, 54 Respiration immobility and, muscular activity and, 1-2 Respiratory infections, 27 Rest, healing powers of (see also Bed rest), 5 Rest and Pain (Hilton), 5 Rheumatoid arthritis bed rest in, 6-7 joint immobilization in, 104 Scoliosis, 47 Sensory deprivation, Sensory feedback, 2 Skeletal muscles antagonists and synergists in, body mass and, 65 grading systems of, immobilization and, motor unit and, 66 Skin immobilization effects in, pressure on, sores, prevention of, Space travel, weightlessness in, 20 Spasticity, flaccidity and, 76 Spinal-cord injury osteoporosis and, 53 pressure sores and, 115 Splints, in muscle paralysis, Strength-duration curve, in muscle denervation, Stretching, in joint immobilization, Stroke volume, bed rest and (see also Heart), Sulfate excretion, immobilization and,4 Synergist muscles, 72 Synovial fluid, in joint immobilization, Tenotomy, 36 Testosterone, in poliomyelitis treatment, 58 Tetracycline staining, in bone formation studies, 39 Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research,S Textbook of Internal Medicine (Striimpell), 7 Textbook of Medicine (Cecil), 7 Thiazides, hypercalciuria and, Thomas maneuver, 80 Thyroid hormone, osteoporosis and,40 Tilt-table testing, 17 Tissues breakdown of under pressure, edema in, 113 Tuberculosis, rest cure for, 7

6 156 Ulcers, decubitus, see Decubitus ulcers Urinary calcium excretion in immobilization osteoporosis (see also Hypercalciuria), 33,45-48 Urine, stagnation of, 3 Venous thrombosis, elastic stockings in, 25 Water/sodium diuresis, 19 Weightlessness, orthostatic intolerance and, 20 Wheelchair, for paralyzed patients, World War II, immobilized patients in, 123