The Weight Bearing Function Of The Sole Anatomical Evidence

Transcription

1 The Weight Bearing Function Of The Sole Anatomical Evidence Michael T. Savoldi Farrier Emeritus Resident Farrier (Retired) W.K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Center Farrier Science Instructor Animal & Veterinary Science California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 1

2 Bone Position Using the arch of the sole as a means to Identify the plane of the PIII bone 2

3 Sole Bar And Lamina Top Line Sole/Frog Ridge Sole Body Sole Angle Leading Edge Of Sole Sole Connection To Wall 3

4 Arch Of The Foot Heel Arch Arch Mid-Section Toe Arch Good Arch 4

5 Good Arch Strong & Well Developed Arch Arch Is Holding Bone Position 5

6 Bone Position Wall Removed PIII PIII Sole Dermas Medial Sole Sole connection to wall Lateral 6

7 Good Arch Medial Arch Lateral Arch Arch of sole body Bone position on arch Space between bone and sole Note: Leading edge of PIII is above sole connection to wall 7

8 Good Arch Bone Position Lateral Medial Space between bone and sole 8

9 Bone Position On Bar Lateral Medial Top line of bars Bone position on bar Space between bone and sole 9

10 Bone Models To The Arch Lateral Arch Medial Arch Arch Bone position on arch Bone modeling to arch 10

11 Bone Position Bone centered on sole Arch of sole body Good spacing between bone and wall 11

12 Bone Position Good Arch Bone Position On Arch PIII Bone Negative Plane Toe Area Weak Arch Toe Area PIII Bone Close Proximity To Plane Of Horizon Weak Arch Mid-Section PIII Bone Negative Plane Heel Area Week Arch Heel Area Note: Uniform Sole Thickness (UST) Was Used As A Standardized Foot Trim 12

13 Heel Arch Good Bone Position Arch Weak Toe Arch Strong Heel Arch Toe Arch Flatting Not Supporting Bone Position Angles Of The Sole Will Position PIII Bone In An Upright Angle 13

14 Larger Palmar Angle High arch with sunk anterior (front) part of the sole. The radiograph in C is that of a live horse with similar conformation to the sole and pedal bone of A, B. 14

15 Movie PIII In Motion Toe Area 15

16 Toe sink 16

17 No sole pack 17

18 Movie PIII In Motion Movie 1 (No orthotic) Movie 2 (With orthotic) Two stage silicone putty 18

19 19

20 With sole pack 20

21 Stabilizing Movement Of PIII 21

22 Arch Collapsing Good Bone Position Arch Leveling PIII Bone Will Be In Close Proximity To Plane Of Horizon It has sole depth, it doesn t have an arch. Pathology to the mid section to the bars, crushed heels, dropped soles along the leading edge of the leading edge of the p3 bone Wide Flat Foot Developing With Weak Arch 22

23 Flat Footed Flat sole. The radiograph in C is that of a live horse with similar conformation to the sole and pedal bone of A, B. 23

24 Morph Flat Foot Single radiograph taken before without orthotic (arch support) and after with orthotic. Foot trimmed to a horizontal plane excess sole not removed Both radiograph were then morphed together to show the effects of the orthotic 24

25 25

26 Toe Arch Good Bone Position Weak Heel Arch Arch Strong Toe Arch Heel Arch Flatting Not Supporting Bone Position PIII Bone Will Develop A Negative Plane Heel Area 26

27 Negative Palmar Angle The bone position is in a negative plain. More commonly seen in hind feet. Sole sunk in the caudal (back) area. The radiograph in C - is that of a live horse with similar sole and pedal bone conformation to that of A, B. 27

28 Toe lift 28

29 Movie PIII In Motion Negative Plane Heel Area 29

30 Morph Negative Plane Single radiograph taken before without orthotic (arch support) and after with orthotic. Foot trimmed to a horizontal plane excessive sole not removed Both radiograph were then morphed together to show the effects of the orthotic 30

31 Negative plane 31

32 Pathology Based On the Plane Of The Pedal Bone (PIII) Good Arch Bone Position On Arch Normal Bone Weak Arch Toe Area Stress To Soft Tissue PIII Bone Upright Angle Flat Toe Weak Arch Mid-Section Sole Thinning Stress To Soft Tissue PIII Bone Close Proximity To Plane Of Horizon Degeneration To PIII Bone Reabsorbing Flat Foot Bar Shifting Damage To The Lamina Weak Arch Heel Area Stress To Soft Tissue PIII Bone Negative Plane PIII Crushing Bars Stress Bump Flat Heel Sole Thinning Degeneration To PIII Note: Uniform Sole Thickness (UST) Was Used As A Standardized Foot Trim 32 Bone Remodeling

33 Good bone position Bone Position PIII and sole Sole body Medial Lateral Bone sinking into sole PIII should be above the sole edge Angle of sole body Medial/Lateral arch 33

34 Good bone position PIII and sole Bone Position Good arch Load affects arch Bone sinking into sole PIII should be above the sole edge Angle of sole body 34

35 Bone Position PIII below sole edge PIII sinking into sole 35

36 Bone Position Damage to soft tissue caused by bone sinking into sole PIII sinking into sole Weight bearing damage to the sole 36

37 Tissue Movement Close observation reveals a shift in tissue 37

38 Area Of Damage Soft tissue damage 38

39 Effects Of Weight Bearing A deviation in the frog sole connection 39

40 Collapsed Bar Damage to the laminae Medial Lateral 40

41 Effects Of Body Weight Bar Sole Bone position descending pressing into the bar and sole 41

42 Bone Models To The Angles Of The Sole Stress bump developing in bone Deviation in the sole 42

43 Bone Models To Pressure ) Stress bump DDFT 2) Stress bump Impar ligament 3) Stress bump Palmar Process Bone loss Stress bump Palmar Process 43

44 Internal Load Deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) Navicular bone 44

45 Motion Bar Movement Load 5 & 6 45

46 46

47 47

48 Pathology Navicular Bone Stress caused by unequal loading Stress area located above bar 48

49 Pathology Navicular Bone Stress area located above bar Erosion caused by movement of DDFT 49

50 Pathology Navicular Bone Unilateral Weight bearing pressure on bone Bilateral Location of stress above bar 50

51 Pathology To Sole Bar/Sole abscess Crushing of the bar Damage to the soft tissue (dermas), lamina, bar, and sole 51

52 Pathology To Sole Trimming alone cannot prevent pathology to the sole Bar shoe offers little support for sole body Bar/Sole abscess Crushing of the bar 52

53 Pathology To Soft Tissue/Sole Bar, Lamina, Sole Soft tissue Bar, Lamina, Sole 53

54 DDFT Insertion To The Navicular Bone Severe damage to navicular bone 54

55 DDFT Insertion To The Navicular Bone Impar ligament Deep Flexor Tendon (DDFT) 55 Severe damage to navicular bone

56 DDFT Insertion To The Navicular Bone Deep Flexor Tendon (DDFT) 56 Severe damage to navicular bone

57 Conclusion Weight bearing affects on the sole quite often produce sore feet Because of its location the trauma to the mid-section is often referred to as navicular disease but in reality it is very often soft tissue damage Stabilizing bone movement as a preventive measure can reduce wear in this area 57

58 Thank You 58