Motivation for the Study
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1 Indoor Air Quality in Immigrant Housing in Commerce City, CO Shannon Simons August 10, 2006 Motivation for the Study Indoor air has not been studied as thoroughly as outdoor air Not much research has been done on the living conditions of immigrants If Hispanic immigrants live in substandard housing, then what effect does this have on air quality?
2 What Are We Doing? Commerce City is very industrial with heavy vehicle traffic Comparing health effects with indoor and outdoor air quality Also comparing the relationship between indoor and outdoor air HUD Healthy Homes 250 homes are being inspected and surveyed by UCHSC 100 of these homes will receive air and vacuum sampling Air samples analyzed for PM 2.5 with 24-hour CO and CO 2 monitoring Vacuum samples analyzed for allergens
3 Allergens Allergic asthmatics are sensitized to specific allergens Subsequent exposure to allergens can trigger asthma attacks Young children most at risk for developing allergic asthma [2] Carbon Monoxide Result of combustion Fastens to red blood cells and prevents them from carrying oxygen Vision, ability to work and learn, and ability to physically function can be impaired Acute exposure can be fatal 15 PPM average over 8 hours or 22 PPM average over 1 hour is acceptable [3]
4 Particulate Matter Particles suspended in the air Dust, dirt, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets [4] Breathing can be impaired, asthma aggravated, and immune system can be weakened Can also transport bacteria, viruses, and toxins [2] Particulate Matter con t Long term exposure linked to reduced lung function, chronic bronchitis, and premature death PM 2.5 main concern in this study because they can become lodged in the lungs easily Suitable level is less than 65 ug/m 3 in a 24 hour period [5]
5 ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays Once the allergen standard has reacted with the antibodies, the samples (which have reacted with the same antibodies) are compared to the standard The plate is read in an optical density machine Calibration curves are made from the allergen standard
6 Difficulties with Indoor Air Assessments Confounding factors: PM 2.5 and allergens can both exacerbate asthma Quantitatively describing allergen concentrations Carpeting acts as an allergen reservoir, but does not represent personal exposure. Dust mites and feline allergens found in most homes, even if they do not have cats Results About half of the homes are complete Have not found many dangerous levels Have only sampled a few homes with wheezing or asthmatic children, so we cannot draw any conclusions yet No correlation between PM 2.5 concentrations and CO Suggested correlation between PM concentrations and CO 2 ELISA analysis is still pending
7 Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 Concentrations Number of Homes Indoor Outdoor > 40 PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m3) Indoor versus Outdoor PM 2.5 Concentration (ug/m 3 ) 100 Indoor PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m 3 ) Outdoor PM 2.5 Concentration (ug/m 3 )
8 Average PM 2.5 Concentrations 120 Average PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m 3 ) Indoor Outdoor 0 Total Homes (54) Homes with a Wheezing Child (6) Homes with an Asthmatic Child (3) Indoor PM 2.5 Concentration vs Indoor CO 2 Indoor PM2.5 (ug/m 3 ) TWA for Indoor CO 2 (ppm) R Squared =
9 Indoor PM 2.5 Concentration vs Indoor CO Indoor PM2.5 (u g /m 3 ) TWA for Indoor CO (ppm) Conclusions Much research is being performed on similar subjects This particular project will continue through December 2006 ELISA analysis will be performed and the families will be notified of the results
10 References [1] DW Dockery, CA Pope, X Xu,, et al., An Association Between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six US Cities, New England Journal of Medicine,, vol. 339, pp , 1759, [2] P. Scaramella,, Investigator s Manual for Air and Vacuum Sampling in a Study of Immigrant Housing in Conditions in Commerce City, Colorado, University of Colorado at Boulder, Summer REU, [3] Carbon Monoxide Safety, pubed/firesafetytopics/carbon_monoxide_safety.htm Accessed July 17,, [4] Fine Particle (PM2.5) Designations: Frequent Questions, Accessed July 17, [5] Fine Particle (PM2.5) Designations: Basic Information, htm Accessed July 17, [6] P. Scaramella et. al. An Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Hispanic Immigrant Housing in Commerce City, CO, University of Colorado at Boulder,, Spring, [7] Procedures for Preparation of Dust Samples for Allergen Determination ation. Charlottesville, VA: Indoor Biotechnologies, [8] ELISA Protocol for (Allergen): Product Code (Allergen), Charlottesville, VA: Indoor Biotechnologies, 2006.
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