I began this search with the terms I though most important as they were the

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1 David Triche Info 522 Assignment 4 July 26, 2010 Question One I began this search with the terms I though most important as they were the terms listed in the instructions. I tried with variations of cause but received too may returns. Focusing on autism and vaccines, I tried truncation and increased the results to only 219. Thinking I may have gone too broad, I decided to search the DE field for autism and vaccination. Because this acted similarly to a controlled vocabulary, I thought it may give me an additional level of accuracy.? s autism and vaccination S AUTISM 2705 VACCINATION 84 AUTISM AND VACCINATION? s autism and vaccin? S AUTISM VACCIN? 219 AUTISM AND VACCIN?? s s5/de S7 49 S5/DE So, with 49 results from the descriptor file, I felt fairly certain that the articles in this search would be very close to what the patron was looking for and I began to browse the results in citation abstract format #4.

2 I assumed the patron was concerned about the possibility of vaccinations being a cause of autism and wanted to find out if this was true. Applying a critical assessment, I quickly looked at all of the 49 abstracts and saw a pattern. It seemed as though the controversy arose in 1998 over an article in the British medical journal Lancet. It published a study that found a link between MMR vaccinations and autism. Furthermore, it seemed to me that other sources at the time, most notably papers, seemed to be turning this one study into what Skeptic magazine called a manufactroversy. As the author of the Skeptic article put it: For the most part, as the articles came closer to the present, mention of a possible link between vaccinations and autism was pretty well refuted. As a general rule daily news papers, obviously, have a lower level of authority than journals, even those that are not peer reviewed, and magazines. I ruled out a Murdoch owned paper that seemed to be stoking the controversy. At any rate, I select articles from the peer reviewed New England Journal of Medicine and the fairly well respected scientific magazine Discover. Both articles debunked the connection between autism and vaccines. The Journal article was apopulation study of half a million babies born in Denmark and is really the

3 definitive factor in dispelling the myth. I added the Skeptic article as a third article because it showed how the controversy arose. I selected the articles from the 49 revealed here.? t s7/4/1-49 7/4/18 DIALOG(R)File 47: Gale Group Magazine DB(TM) (c) 2010 Gale/Cengage. All rights reserved SUPPLIER NUMBER: Childhood vaccines' link to autism is debunked.(the Year in 2004 Science: The 100 most important discoveries and developments during one revolution around the sun) Mandavilli, Apoorva Discover, 26, 1, 51(1) Jan, 2005 ISSN: LANGUAGE: English RECORD TYPE: Citation 7/4/29 DIALOG(R)File 47: Gale Group Magazine DB(TM) (c) 2010 Gale/Cengage. All rights reserved SUPPLIER NUMBER: A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism. Madsen, Kreesten Meldgaard; Hviid, Anders; Vestergaard, Mogens; Schendel, Diana; Wohlfahrt, Jan; Thorsen, Poul; Olsen, Jorn; Melbye, Mads The New England Journal of Medicine, 347, 19, 1477(6) Nov 7, 2002 ISSN: LANGUAGE: English RECORD TYPE: Abstract ABSTRACT: The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine does not cause autism, according to a study of 537,303 children born in Denmark between 1991 and The rate of autism was no higher in the vaccinated children than it was in the unvaccinated children SUPPLIER NUMBER: (USE FORMAT 7 OR 9 FOR FULL TEXT ) Vaccines and autism: a deadly manufactroversy. Hall, Harriet Skeptic (Altadena, CA), 15, 2, 26(7) Summer, 2009 ISSN: LANGUAGE: English RECORD TYPE: Fulltext WORD COUNT: 4809 LINE COUNT: 00413

4 Question Two a. My first task was to go to the ERIC thesaurus to find synonymous terms for second language acquisition and corrective feedback. This is what I found: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, English instruction,; Metalinguistics; Second Language Learning and Error Analysis (Language), Error Correction Error, Analysis (Language), Feedback (Response), I began with the terms in the question and the terms I was familiar with. Those are ESL and SLA. SLA seemed to be a more manageable number as well as the one specified by the question, so I went with it. I anded feedback and received a small result. I tried with corrective and did better. I found the term Second language instruction to be particularly valuable. Looking at the 4 results I found three articles that discussed the subject and seemed to have valuable information. However, I do not know if the teacher wants this kind of resource or, perhaps, is looking for curriculum that fits this category. In the absence of any other information about what kind of resources the teacher had in mind, I selected articles I thought could be used as resources for a classroom teacher.? s esl? s sla S ESL (ADDED 07/01/1966) S2 514 SLA

5 ? s sla(4n)feedback S3 514 SLA FEEDBACK 4 SLA(4N)FEEDBACK? s s2 and corrective S4 514 S CORRECTIVE 10 S2 AND CORRECTIVE? t s4/4/1-10 From this I found two that I thought valuable. Needing more results, I approached the subject using some different terms. Using the term second language instruction that I found in the ERIC thesaurus, I found these very promising results:? s second()language()instruction S SECOND LANGUAGE (ADDED 07/01/1966) INSTRUCTION (ADDED 07/01/1966) SECOND()LANGUAGE()INSTRUCTION? s s1 and corrective()feedback S S CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK 280 CORRECTIVE(W)FEEDBACK 62 S1 AND CORRECTIVE()FEEDBACK 1. 4/3/ ERIC Number: EJ The Effectiveness of Corrective Feedback in SLA: A Meta-Analysis Li, Shaofeng 57 pp.

6 Language Learning v60 n2 p Jun 2010 June 2010 ( ) 2. 4/3/ ERIC Number: EJ Implicit and Explicit Corrective Feedback and the Acquisition of L2 Grammar Ellis, Rod; Loewen, Shawn; Erlam, Rosemary 30 pp. Studies in Second Language Acquisition v28 n2 p Jun 2006 June 2006 ( ) 3. 4/3/ ERIC Number: EJ The Effect of Different Types of Corrective Feedback on ESL Student Writing Bitchener, John; Young, Stuart; Cameron, Denise 15 pp. Journal of Second Language Writing v14 n3 p Sep 2005 September 2005 ( ) 4. 2/3/ ERIC Number: EJ Errors and Corrective Feedback: Updated Theory and Classroom Practice. Ancker, William Forum v38 n4 p20-25 Oct ( ) 5. 2/3/ ERIC Number: EJ Corrective Feedback in Historical Perspective. Schachter, Jacquelyn Second Language Research v7 n2 p Jun ( ) 6. 2/3/58

7 ERIC Number: EJ Focus-on-Form and Corrective Feedback in Communicative Language Teaching: Effects on Second Language Learning. Lightbown, Patsy M.; Spada, Nina Studies in Second Language Acquisition v12 n4 p Dec ( ) c. Deciding which articles were best presented some problems. With the questioner not present it was a bit difficult to know exactly what she wanted. For example, what exactly does she want in the way of resources? Does she want how to guides, curriculum, reports on what is effective, techniques? Not knowing the exact desires of the teacher I select a variety of aspects of the topic. In fact, I selected six articles. The sixth one dealt specifically with writing and I figured it was important enough to include. Here are my rationales: 1. The Li article: An analysis of what is effective seemed like a resource a teacher would want. 2. The Ellis article: A discussion of two approaches seemed valuable. 3. The Bitchner article: This is on additional article concerning writing. 4. The Ancker article: Deals with errors and classroom practice. I thought this the most valuable from the perspective of a classroom teacher. 5. The Schachtner article: This is a history and I always like to see how things have been done over time, especially in education. Oft times, valuable ideas have been forgotten. 6. The Lightbown article: Another article on effectiveness and form from a second language journal. Question Three My initial search was this:? s digital()reference S DIGITAL REFERENCE 187 DIGITAL()REFERENCE Then I searched with this:

8 ? s digital()reference S DIGITAL REFERENCE 187 DIGITAL()REFERENCE I looked at several of these items and discovered that a common descriptor in the controlled vocabulary of the database was: reference services. Additionally, H.W. Wilson used a sub topic heading of evaluation, I believe in place of research. So I went with that. s reference()services and evaluation S REFERENCE SERVICES EVALUATION 666 REFERENCE SERVICES AND EVALUATION? s s3 and digital S4 666 S DIGITAL 26 S3 AND DIGITAL Moving on to chat, I used the expand command with chat and found that there were only 182 articles mentioning chat.? e chat Ref E1 E2 E3 Items Index-term 1 CHASTNOST 1 CHASTOTNOI 182 *CHAT And 123 with chat and reference? s chat and reference S8 182 CHAT REFERENCE 123 CHAT AND REFERENCE I added evaluation and there were 18 articles, so I decided to have a look.? s s8 and evaluation

9 S9 123 S EVALUATION 18 S8 AND EVALUATION? t s9/5/1-18 The last search I did, just to make sure was this one:? s chat()reference and evaluation/ti S CHAT REFERENCE 73 CHAT(W)REFERENCE 2037 EVALUATION/TI 2 CHAT()REFERENCE AND EVALUATION/TI? t s13/9/1-2 But with only two articles resulting, one of which was revealed in the s9 search, I thought it this was clearly too fine. So, in determining which articles were best, I focused on research because that is what the orders specified. I selected articles from journals that clearly had a research or evaluative direction. The orders did not specify peer reviewed articles and I did not check to see if these were. Two have the word research in their titles, Library & Information Science Research and Internet Research. The last specified that it was a study in the title. A study is research of a sort. Finally, since we were only to select three articles, I chose two concerning digital reference and one dealing with chat. They are below. #1 4/5/23 DIALOG(R)File 438: Library Lit. & Info. Science (c) 2010 The HW Wilson Co. All rights reserved H.W. Wilson Record Number: BLIB Digital reference services: framework for analysis and evaluation

10 White, Marilyn Domas Library & Information Science Research ( Libr Inf Sci Res ) v. 23 no3 (2001) p Document Type: Feature Article ISSN: Language: English Record Status: New record Descriptors: Reference services -- Automation; Output measures #2 4/5/26 DIALOG(R)File 438: Library Lit. & Info. Science (c) 2010 The HW Wilson Co. All rights reserved H.W. Wilson Record Number: BLIB Digital reference: services, attitudes, and evaluation Janes, Joseph Internet Research ( Internet Res ) v. 10 no3 (2000) p Document Type: Feature Article ISSN: Language: English Record Status: New record Descriptors: Reference services -- Automation; Public libraries -- Reference services; Internet -- Public libraries #3 9/5/15 DIALOG(R)File 438: Library Lit. & Info. Science (c) 2010 The HW Wilson Co. All rights reserved H.W. Wilson Record Number: BLIB Measuring the Completeness of Reference Transactions in Online Chats: Results of an Unobtrusive Study Ward, David Reference & User Services Quarterly ( Ref User Serv Q ) 2004) p ISSN: Language: English Record Status: New record v. 44 no1 (Fall Abstract: This article reports on the results of an unobtrusive study used to measure whether online chat reference can effectively answer short, subjectbased research questions. The study develops measures for analyzing how completely these questions are answered and uses them in combination with other factors in determining the overall effectiveness of the service examined. A methodology for developing these new measures is explained and the results are studied in relation to other traditional methods of reference evaluation. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Descriptors:

11 College and university libraries -- Reference services; Reference services -- Automation; Use studies -- Reference services Company Names: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign -- Library -- R