Breast Cancer Survivorship

Transcription

1 Breast Cancer Survivorship

2 Alistair Ring Marina Parton Editors Breast Cancer Survivorship Consequences of early breast cancer and its treatment

3 Editors Alistair Ring The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Sutton UK Marina Parton The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust London UK ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland The registered company is Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

4 Foreword Over the past few decades, the great strides in early detection and treatment of breast cancer have led to a growing population of survivors of the disease. Breast cancer survivors comprise a diverse group of individuals with unique concerns and needs. Internationally, there is wide variation both culturally and with regard to access to optimal screening and treatment, as well as supportive care resources that lead to substantial heterogeneity in care and outcomes. Nevertheless, identifying and addressing the universal concerns and common issues facing patients after the diagnosis of breast cancer are of utmost importance to the common goal of breast cancer care mitigating not only the mortality but the morbidity, both medical and psychosocial, of the disease and associated treatment. Further, with increased globalization, especially in the fields of medicine and communications, patients living with, through, and beyond breast cancer seem to have much more in common than not, particularly women living in developed nations. In this well-crafted book edited by Drs. Ring and Parton, salient issues are identified and reviewed, with an eye toward educating clinicians about optimal strategies from which their breast cancer survivor patients may benefit. Equally important is the attention paid to practices where evidence for benefit is lacking and debunking preconceived notions that can lead to suboptimal care, such as the practice of screening for systemic recurrence in an early stage breast cancer survivor. Chapters cover the main domains of cancer survivorship care including detection of recurrence and new disease, as well as extensive attention to the detection, management, and prevention of important long-term late effects. The authors also address the increasingly important area of modification of health behaviors such as diet and physical activity to improve symptoms, emotional well-being, and potentially disease outcomes. Finally, this text, which is devoted to practical ways to set up clinics to deliver survivorship care, provides valuable models that clinicians can adopt and v

5 vi Foreword adapt to improve the day-to-day care provided in their health systems for the growing number breast cancer survivors living in and receiving care in diverse settings. 2016, Boston, MA, USA Ann H. Partridge, MD, MPH Director, Adult Survivorship Program Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School

6 Preface Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, with 1.67 million women estimated to be diagnosed with breast cancer globally every year [1]. Many of these women are diagnosed with localized (early) breast cancer and are treated with curative intent. Fortunately, over the last few decades, there have been significant improvements in long-term survival rates. As a result, there are many more women living with a history of invasive breast cancer, with an estimated 570,000 breast cancer survivors thought to be living in the UK and 3.1 million women in the USA [2, 3]. However women with a prior diagnosis of early breast cancer remain at risk of relapse, may be continuing on treatment and surveillance, and may also be experiencing long-term sequelae of breast cancer or its treatment. Despite this, the majority of these women have been discharged from routine follow-up in breast surgical and cancer units. As a result, breast cancer survivors come into contact with a variety of healthcare professionals who may be less familiar with the issues and needs of this patient population. We recognize this challenge in our clinical practices and from our discussions with our patients, and as a result set out to write a comprehensive overview regarding the care of women with a diagnosis of early breast cancer following completion of their initial hospital-based treatment. In doing this, we have drawn on a multidisciplinary authorship reflecting the necessary relevant expertise but also the different perspectives such that a holistic picture of management is provided. We hope that this book provides a useful reference document and source of practical advice for the health care professional involved in the care of breast cancer survivors. Surrey UK Alistair Ring May 2016 Marina Parton vii

7 viii Preface References 1. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Online]. GLOBOCAN: Breast Cancer Estimated Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in cancer.aspx. Accessed 24 Sept Maddams J, Brewster D, Gavin A, Stewart J, Elliott J, Utley M, Moller H. Cancer prevalence in the United Kingdom: estimates for Br J Cancer. 2009;101: The American Cancer Society. Cancer treatment and survivorship facts & figures pdf. Acessed 21 Jan 2016

8 Acknowledgments The editors and authors are grateful to their patients and colleagues who have inspired them to write this book in order to improve the care of women diagnosed with early breast cancer. Dr. Ring and Dr. Parton would also like to acknowledge the support of the Royal Marsden National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Cancer and the Cridlan Fund which has supported the education and research endeavors of the editors and many of the authors of this text. ix

9 Contents 1 Introduction David Okonji and Alistair Ring Part: I Disease Recurrence 2 Predicting Risk of Disease Recurrence Belinda Yeo 3 Detection of Recurrence: Clinical Follow-Up Anne Mc Loughlin and Nicola Roche 4 Detection of Recurrence: Imaging Strategies Kate Downey and Steven Allen 5 Follow Up of Patients with Germline Mutations in High Risk Predisposition Genes Zoe Kemp Part: II Interventions to Reduce Risk of Recurrence 6 Endocrine Therapy Stefania Redana 7 Systemic Therapies to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence in Early Breast Cancer: New Strategies Narda Chaabouni, Christos Nikolaou, and Mark Harries 8 Exercise in Breast Cancer Survivors Nawa Mustafa Amin and Alistair Ring 9 Dietary Components and Breast Cancer Survivorship Clare Shaw xi

10 xii Contents Part: III Sequelae of Early Breast Cancer and Its Treatment 10 Identifying and Managing the Consequences of Treatment for Early Breast Cancer Natalie Doyle, Nicola Cunningham, and Richard Henry 11 Managing Loco-regional Complications of Breast Cancer Treatment Anna M. Kirby 12 The Role of Surgery in Breast Cancer Survivors Rachel L. O Connell and Jennifer E. Rusby 13 Management of Menopausal Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors Helen Mitchell and Anne C. Armstrong 14 Bone Health Amy Kwan, Omar S. Din, and Matthew C. Winter 15 Fertility Stuart Lavery and Georgios Christopoulos 16 Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Survivors Nilesh Pareek, Susannah Stanway, Anna M. Kirby, and Alexander Lyon 17 Second Primary Neoplasms Following a Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Felicity Paterson, Susannah Stanway, Lone Gothard, and Navita Somaiah 18 The Effects of Breast Cancer Treatments on Cognition Helena Harder and Valerie Jenkins 19 Psychological Issues in Breast Cancer Survivorship Richard Towers 20 Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors Belinda Kingston and Marta Capelan Index

11 Contributors Steven Allen, MBBS, MRCS, FRCR Imaging Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Nawa Mustafa Amin, BSc (Hons), MSc, MBBS, MRCP The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Anne C. Armstrong, MB, ChB, PhD The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow, Manchester, UK Marta Capelan, MD Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Narda Chaabouni The Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Georgios Christopoulos, MD, MRCOG Department of Reproductive Medicine Hammersmith and Queen Charlotte s Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Nicola Cunningham, BSc (Hons) Physiotherapy, PGCert Senior Project Manager (Patient Experience Programme and MSCC) & AHP Lead, London Cancer Alliance, London, UK Omar S. Din, MBChB, MSc, MC, MRCP, FRCR Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital Sheffield, Sheffield, UK Kate Downey, BSc, MBBS, MD, FRCR Imaging Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Natalie Doyle, DNurs, MSc, BSc The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Lone Gothard, HND Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK xiii

12 xiv Contributors Helena Harder, PhD, MSc, BSc Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, UK Mark Harries, MA, FRCP, PhD Department of Medical Oncology, Guy s and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK Richard Henry, MSc, BSc, BA Queens University Belfast, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK Valerie A. Jenkins, DPhil BSc Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, UK Zoe Kemp, BSc, MBBS, PhD The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Belinda Kingston, MBChB, BSc The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Anna M Kirby, BA, MB, BChir, MA, MRCP, FRCR, MD Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK Amy Kwan, MBBS, BSc Department of Medical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK Stuart Lavery, MBBCh, MSc, MRCOG Department of Reproductive Medicine Hammersmith and Queen Charlotte s Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Alexander Lyon, MA, BM, BCh, PhD, FRCP Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Anne Mc Loughlin, BSc (Hons), MSc The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Helen Mitchell, BSc (Hons), MA, MSc, DMedEth Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Withington, Manchester, UK Christos Nikolaou Department of Oncology Guy s Hospital, London, UK Rachel L. O Connell, MBBS, BSc, MRCS The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK David Okonji, MBBCh, MRCP, FRACP The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Nilesh Pareek, MA (Hons) Cantab, MBBS, MRCP Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK Felicity Paterson, MBBS, BSc Department of Clinical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK

13 Contributors xv Stefania Redana, MD, PhD The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Alistair Ring, MA, FRCP, MD The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Nicola Roche, MB, BCh, BAO, MCh, FRCS The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Jennifer E. Rusby, BM, BCh, DM, FRCS The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Clare Shaw, BSc (Hons) Nutrition, PhD, RD Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Navita Somaiah, DPhil, FRCR, MD, MBBS Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Susannah Stanway, MBChB, MD, MRCP, MSc The Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK Richard Towers, DNurs, MSc, BSc (Hons), RN Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Matthew C. Winter, MB, ChB, MSc, MD, FRCP Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK Belinda Yeo, FRACP, MBBS, BA Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia