INDEX. Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate figures; page numbers followed by t indicate tables.

Transcription

1 A ABV regimen, in Kaposi's sarcoma, ABVD regimen, in Hodgkin's disease, 304t, , AC regimen, in breast cancer, 113, 122 Accutane See Retinoids Acetaminophen, in palliative care, 368, 369t Acne vulgaris, retinoids in, 74 Acqllired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer in, anogenital, 359 central nervous system lymphoma as, , Hodgkin's disease as, 358 Kaposi's sarcoma as, 223, , lung, 359 non-hodgkin's lymphoma as, , 357t, 367 pathogenesis of, 352, 353t testicular, 359 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, bone marrow transplantation in, 293 etiology and risk factors in, 292, 29St prognosis of, 292, 292t Acute lymphocytic leukemia, asparaginase in, 41 Acute myeloid leukemia, bone marrow transplantation in, etiology and risk factors in, 289, 289t prognosis of, 289t, treatment strategies in, 290t-291t, 29o-292 Acute promyelocytic leukemia, retinoids in, 62 Acute tubular necrosis, cancer-related, 396 Adenocarcinoma See also specific types of adenocarcinoma lung, of unknown primary, 351 Adjuvant radiation therapy, in head and neck cancer, 16 7 Adjuvant therapy, in adrenal cortical cancer, 278 in bladder cancer, in breast cancer, , 114t in colorectal cancer, 152 in lung cancer, 184 in malignant melanoma, in prostate cancer, 234 in sarcomas, 218, 220f, 22o-221, 221t in stomach cancer, 133 in testicular cancer, in thyroid cancer, 28o-281 Adnexal mass, in ovarian cancer, 251 Adrenal cortical cancer, cisplatin in, 286 etiology and risk factors in, 277, 277t mitotane in, 286 staging and prognosis of, 277, 277t treatment strategies in, 278, 278t Adrenalectomy, medical, 79 Adrenocorticotropic hormone, metabolic cancer complications and, , 403f, Advanced care planning, 374, 375t AIDS See Acqllired immunodeficiency syndrome Albumin, in malnutrition, 446, 446t-447t Alcohol, head and neck cancer and, 163, 163t interactions of, with levamisole, 69 with nilutamide, 91 Aldesleukin, 55-56, cardiovascular toxicity of, 66, myelosuppression from, 378 in renal cell carcinoma, toxicity of, , 397t, , 41St, 422, Alferon N See Interferons Alkeran See Melphalan Alkylating agents, 1-36 See also specific agents Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate figures; page numbers followed by t indicate tables. classes of, 1, 1t cost analysis of, 3 dosages of, 2 indications for, 1, 3t investigational, 3 myelosuppression from, 379t pharmacokinetics of, 1, 2t research areas in, 4-5 resistance to, 3-4 toxicities of, 2-3, 4t, , 397t, 410 Allergic cancer complications, 444 Allopurinol, interaction of mercaptopurine with, 51 Altretamine, 7 neurotoxicity of, 41St, 421 Amino acids, in malnutrition, 45o--451 Aminoglutethimide, 79, 434 Aminoglycosides, interaction of cisplatin with, 16 Amphetamines, in asthenia, 431 Amphotericin, interaction of cisplatin with, 16 Amputation, in sarcoma, 217 Amsacrine, neurotoxicity of, 41St, 422 Anabolic steroids, in malnutrition, 452t, 453 Anal cancer, combined modality therapy in, 155, 162 staging of, 154, 154t treatment strategies in, , 155f Analgesics, in palliative care, 371t-373t, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 313 Anastrozole, 88 in breast cancer, 117 Androgens, 76 See also Hormonal agents Anemia, 38o-381, 384, 412 asthenia and, 431 erythropoietin in, 72 Anesthetics, in palliative care, 373 Anginal syndromes, treatment-related, Anogenital cancer, in acqllired immunodeficiency syndrome, 359 Anorexia, 389, 391, 43o--431 See also Malnutrition Antacids, interactions of, with capecitabine, 54 with estramustine phosphate, 108 Anthelminthic agents, levamisole as, 58, 69 Anthracyclines See also specific agents cardiovascular toxicity of, 413t, in leukemia, 290t-291t, 29o-292, 298 in metastatic breast cancer, Antiandrogens, See also Hormonal agents; specific agents Antibiotics, antitumor See Anthracyclines; specific agents Anticoagulants, drug interactions with, 81 Anticonvulsants, in palliative care, 373, 373t Antidepressants, in palliative care, 373, 373t Antidiuretic hormone, metabolic cancer complications and, Antiemetics, 385, 386t-387t Anti estrogens, 7 6 See also Hormonal agents; specific agents Antihistamine, interaction of procarbazine with, 31 Antimetabolic agents, See also specific agents adverse effects of, 37-38, 40t, 397t, biochemical modulation of, 39 indications for, 38t myelosuppression from, 379t pharmacology of, 37, 37t-3St research areas in, 40, 40t resistance to, selectivity of, Antineuronal antibodies, in paraneoplastic syndromes, 434t, Antiretroviral therapy, AIDS-related cancer and, in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 356 Anzatax See Paclitaxel Apoptosis, hormonal therapy and, 7 6 Ara-C See Cytarabine Arginine, in malnutrition, 45o--451 Arirnidex See Anastrozole Aromasin See Exemestane Aromatase inhibitors, See also specific agents in breast cancer, 117 Arrhythmias, treatment-related, 415 Asparaginase, 41 interaction of vinca alkaloids with, 98, 100, 102 Aspirin, interaction of mechlorethamine with, 29 in palliative care, 371 Astemizole, interaction of ketoconazole with, 83 Asthenia, 431 Astrocytomas, , 275 Autonomic neuropathy, paraneoplastic, 435 Axillary adenopathy, of unknown primary, Azacytidine, neurotoxicity of, 41St, 422 Azotemia, prerenal, 395 B Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, 55, 58, 67-68, 441 in bladder cancer, Barbiturates, interactions of, with chlorambucil, 14 with cyclophosphamide, 19 with dacarbazine, 21 with procarbazine, 31 Basal cell carcinoma, 211 BCNU See Carmustine Benzodiazepines, in palliative care, 374 Bereavement, 376 Betaseron See Interferons BFM regimen, in leukemia, 301 Bicalutamide, 89 BiCNU See Carmustine Biliary cancer, 136t, , 138f Biologic agents, See also specific agents cardiovascular toxicity of, renal toxicity of, 397 t, Biopsy, in breast cancer screening, 110 in sarcoma, 217 Bisphosphonates, in hypercalcemia, 402, 432 in myeloma, 33o-331 Bladder cancer, bacillus Calmette-Gw!rin in, 58, 67-68, carboplatin in, 238 cffiplatinin,16, , doxorubicin in, , etiology and risk factors in, 235, 236t interferon in, 23 7 methotrexate in, , mitomycin C in, M-VAC regimen in, 248 paclitaxel in, 238 phototherapy in, 23 7 staging and prognosis of, , 236t thiotepa in, 35, 236 treatment strategies in, vinblastine in, , Bleeding, gastrointestinal, 389 Bleomycin, in AIDS-related lymphoma, 367 in Hodgkin's disease, 304, 304t, in Kaposi's sarcoma, for malignant effusions, 339t, 340 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 323, 325

2 Bleomycin, continued pulmonary toxicity of, 409t, in testicular cancer, Bone, in myeloma, 330 sarcomas of, 222t, 223 Bone marrow, examination of, 3SO toxicity to, 377-3S4 See also Myelosuppression transplantation of, arrhythmias in, 415 busulfan in, S in leukemia, in myeloma, 329 pulmonary toxicity of, 410 renal failure in, 3 99 sargramostim in, 71 Bowel regimen, in palliative care, 3 72, 3 72f Brain cancer, See also Malignant glioma carmustine in, 12,269, lomustine in, 26 BRCA genes, 109, 251 Breast cancer, AC regimen in, 113, 123 adjuvant therapy for, , 114t CAF regimen in, 113, 122 capecitabine in, 54, 12S chemoprevention of, CMF regimen in, , 121 cyclophosphamide in, 19, diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of, , 11lf docetaxel in, 106, 125 doxorubicin in, 113, 115, early-stage, 112 epidemiology and risk factors of, 109, 109t estrogen in, 76,109 etoposide in, 116, fluorouracilin,46, 116, genetics of, 109, 251 hormonal therapy in, 76t, 76-7S, 77f adjuvant, , 114t anastrozole in, SB diethylstilbestrol in, 80 exemestane in, 93 fluoxymesterol in, S1 glutethimide in, 79 goserelin acetate in, 82, 114 ICI 182,780 in, 94 letrozole in, 90 leuprolide in, 84 megestrol acetate in, 85, 117, 265 in metastatic disease, , 116t tamoxifen in, 76-7S, 77f, S7, , 116t, toremifene in, 92, 117 inflammatory, 114 locally advanced, metastatic, methotrexate in, 50, 121 neoadjuvant therapy in, 115 new treatment strategies in, 117, 117 t paclitaxel in, 104, 124 proliferative lesions and in situ carcinoma and, 11Q-111 screening for, 109 trastuzumab in, 117, 126 vinorelbine in, 116, 127 Burkitt's lymphoma, 19,314 Busulfan, S-9 c Cachexia, 43Q-431 See also malnutrition megestrol acetate in, S5 CAF regimen, in breast cancer, 113, 122 Calcitonin, in hypercalcemia, 401t, 402, 432 Calcium, cancer-related excess of, 401t, , interaction of estramustine phosphate with, 10S Cancer antigen-125, in ovarian cancer, 250, Cancer-associated retinopathy, Capecitabine, 54 in breast cancer, 12S in colorectal cancer, 153 Capillary leak syndrome, 56, 66, 443 Carboplatin, 1Q-11 in head and neck cancer, 166t, 167 interaction of paclitaxel with, 104 in lung cancer, 1S5, 1SSt, 1SS-1S9, S, 201 neurotoxicity of, 41St, 41S-419 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 320 in ovarian cancer, , 253t, renal toxicity of, 396 Carcinoembryonic antigen, in colorectal cancer, 152 Carcinoid syndrome, 2S1 octreotidein,61, 73 Carcinoid tumors, 2S1-2S3 etiology and risk factors in, 2S1-2S2 interferon in, 2S3, 2SS octreotide in, 2SS staging and prognosis of, 282, 282t treatment strategies in, 2S2-283, 2S3t Carcinoma in situ, breast, 11Q-111 Carcinomas, of unknown primary, See also specific carcinomas Cardiomyopathy, anthracycline, 413t, Cardiovascular toxicity, 412t--413t, of aldesleukin, 66 of diethylstilbestrol, SO of doxorubicin, 413t, of flutamide, 81 ofleuprolide, S4 of megestrol acetate, 85 of paclitaxel, 105 of sargramostim, 71 of tamoxifen, 87 of vinca alkaloids, 99, 101 Carmustine, in malignant glioma, , in myeloma, 32S, 335 pulmonary toxicity of, 410 Casodex See Bicalutamide Castration, in prostate cancer, CAV regimen, in lung cancer, 1SQ-1S2 CCNU See Lomustine CDE regimen, in AIDS-related lymphoma, 36S CeeNU See Lomustine Cellular immunity, in malignant melanoma, 211 Central nervous system lymphoma, AIDS-related, S, 358t, Central nervous system toxicity, of aldesleukin, 66 of fluoxymesterol, S1 of flutamide, 81 ofleuprolide, S4 Cerebellar degeneration, paraneoplastic, 435 Cervical cancer, in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 359 risk factors in, 255t screening and early detection of, staging and prognosis of, 255, 255t treatment strategies in, , 256t Cheilitis, from retinoids, 62, 75 Chemoprevention, ofbreast cancer, Chemoradiation, in head and neck cancer, , Chemotherapy See also specific agents and diseases clinical trials of, 45S-460 gastrointestinal toxicity of, 3S5-394 leukemia risk and, 2S9 myelosuppression from, 37S neurotoxicity of, pulmonary and cardiovascular complications of, total parenteral nutrition and, 449 Chest radiography, in lung cancer, 17S-179 Chloral hydrate, interactions of, with cyclophosphamide, 19 with ifosfamide, 24 Chlorambucil, in leukemia, 294, 294t 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine See Cladribine Chlorpromazine, in palliative care, 374 Cholangiocarcinoma, 136t, S, 138f CHOP regimen, for non-hodgkin's lymphoma, , 31S Choriocarcinoma, 25St--259t, 25S-259 methotrexate in, 50 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 440 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 294 chlorambucil in, 14 cladribine in, 42 fludarabine phosphate in, 45 treatment strategies in, 294, 294t Chronic myelogenous leukemia, busulfan in, S interferons in, 57 Chronic renal failure, 395t, 396 erythropoietin in, 72 Cigarette smoking See Tobacco use Cimetidine, interactions of, with altretamine, 7 with carmustine, 12 with melphalan, 30 Cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer and, 136 Cisapride, interaction of ketoconazole with, S3 Cisplatin, in adrenal cortical cancer, 2S6 in bladder cancer, S, cardiovascular toxicity of, 415 in endometrial carcinoma, 25S in esophageal cancer, 13Q-131, inheadandneckcancer, 166t, 167, interaction of paclitaxel with, 104 in lung cancer, 1SQ-1S2, 1S1t, 1S4-1S5, 1S7-1SS, 196, , in malignant glioma, 27 4 in malignant melanoma, 214 neurotoxicity of, 41St, in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 324 in ovarian cancer, , 253t, 264 renal toxicity of, 396 in stomach cancer, 142 in testicular cancer, in uterine sarcomas, 258 Cladribine, 42 neurotoxicity of, 41St, 422 Clinical trials, drug toxicity monitoring in, 45S-460 quality of life reported by, 424t, S, 426f, 4271, 42Sf tumor response evaluation in, 460 CMF regimen, in breast cancer, , 121 Codeine, in palliative care, 371t, CODOX-M regimen, in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, Colchicine, Colonoscopy, 150 Colony-stimulating factors, 55,

3 in hematopoiesis, 3 77, 3 78t Colorectal cancer, 15G-154, capecitabine in, 153 etiology and risk factors in, 15Qf, 15G fluorouracilin, , ,161 irinotecan in, , 160 leucovorin in, 49, , 158,161 levamisole in, 59, 69 oxaliplatin in, 152 radiation therapy in, 152 staging and prognosis of, 151, 151t surgical considerations in, 151 treatment strategies in, treatment-related toxicity in, Complete response, defined, 460 Computed tomography, in adrenal cortical cancer, 277 in AIDS-related lymphoma, 357 in brain tumors, 26 7 in lung cancer, in malignant eflusions, 33 7 Congestive heart failure, anthracycline-related, Constipation, from opioids, 3 72, 3 72t Core needle biopsy, in sarcoma, 217 Corticosteroids, in asthenia, 431 in cachexia, 43G-431 in hypercalcemia, 432 Corynebacterium parvum immunotherapy, renal toxicity of, 3971,399 CPT -11 See lrinotecan Cranial irradiation, in lung cancer, 184 Creatinine excretion, in malnutrition, 446 Cryoablation, of hepatomas, 137 Cushing's syndrome, in adrenal cortical cancer, 277, 277t as metabolic cancer complication, , 403f, CVP regimen, for non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 317 Cyclophosphamide, in AIDS-related lymphoma, in breast cancer, , cardiovascular toxicity of, 414 in leukemia, 290, 290t in lung cancer, 18G-182, 181t in myeloma, , 335 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, , , ,325 in ovarian cancer, 264 pulmonary toxicity of, 410 renal toxicity of, 3 96 in sarcoma, 219, 219t, 2211, Cyclosporine, interactions of, with melphalan, 30 with octreotide, 73 neurotoxicity of, 418t, 422 Cyproheptadine, in malnutrition, 454 Cyproterone, in prostate cancer, 234 Cystectomy, in bladder cancer, 237 Cystitis, hemorrhagic, 3 99 Cytadren See Aminoglutethimide Cytarabine, 43 in AIDS-related lymphoma, 367 interactions of, with asparaginase, 41 with hydroxyurea, 48 in leukemia, 290, 290t--291t, neurotoxicity of, 4181, 421 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, pulmonary toxicity of, 409 Cytokines, 55, cachexia and, 430 in hematopoiesis, 377, 3781 investigational, 62, 62t in melanoma, 208 Cytopenias, 377, 377t See also Myelosuppression Cytosar-U See Cytarabine Cytosine arabinoside See Cytarabine Cytoxan See Cyclophosphamide CyV ADIC regimen, in sarcoma, 219 D Dacarbazine, in Hodgkin's disease, 304, 304t, in malignant melanoma, 208, 214 in sarcoma, 219, 219t Daunorubicin, in Kaposi's sarcoma, in leukemia, 290, 290t--291t, 298 Death, 370, See also Palliative care Debulking surgery, in ovarian cancer, ,254 Delirium, terminal, 374 Dental disease, 387 Depression, palliative care for, Dermatologic toxicity, of aldesleukin, 66 of aminoglutethimide, 79 of fluoxymesterol, 81 of retinoids, 62, 75 of taxanes, 105, 107 of vinca alkaloids, 99, 101, 103 Dermatomyositis, paraneoplastic, 436 Dexa-BEAM, in Hodgkin's disease, 306 Dexamethasone, in lymphoma, AIDS-related, 367 non-hodgkin's, 324 in myeloma, ,336 D ~ x a n e, DHAP regimen, in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 324 Diarrhea, , 390f, 394 Diet, colorectal cancer and, 151 lung cancer and, 179 in malnutrition, 445 See also Malnutrition Diethylstilbestrol, 80 in prostate cancer, 235 DiflUselymphomas, 313t--314t, Digital rectal examination, prostate cancer and, 233 Digoxin, interaction of vincristine with, 98 Diphenoxylate, 388 Dipyridamole, interaction of fludarabine phosphate with, 45 Docetaxel, in breast cancer, 125 in head and neck cancer, interaction of estramustine phosphate with, 108 in lung cancer,183, ,188!,190, 204 neurotoxicity of, 418t, Donor leukocyte infusions, in myeloma, 329 Doxil See Doxorubicin Doxorubicin, in AIDS-related lymphoma, in bladder cancer, , in breast cancer, 113, 115, cardiovascular toxicity of, 413t, in endometrial carcinoma, 258 in Hodgkin's disease, 304, 304t, interactions of, with paclitaxel, 105 with streptozocin, 32 with tamoxifen, 87 in islet cell cancer, 141 in Kaposi's sarcoma, in lung cancer, 18G-182, 181t in myeloma, 328, neurotoxicity of, 418t, 421 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, ,318, in ovarian cancer, 254 renal toxicity of, 397t, 398 in sarcomas, , 219t, 221t uterine, 258, 266 in stomach cancer, ,145 in thytoid cancer, 287 Doxycycline, for malignant effusions, 339t, 340 Dronabinol, in malnutrition, Droxia See Hydroxyurea DTIC See Dacarbazine Ductal carcinoma in situ, breast, 11G-111 Ductal hyperplasia, breast cancer and, 110 Dysphagia, in esophageal cancer, 13G-131 Dysplastic nevus, melanoma and, 205 Dyspnea, palliative care for, 373 E EAP regimen, in stomach cancer, 133, 142 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, leukemia regimen of, 302 quality of life studied by, 426f, , 427t Edatrexate, interaction ofleucovorin with, 49 Educational level, lung cancer and, 177 ELF regimen, in stomach cancer, 144 ELSP AR See Asparaginase Emcyt See Estramustine phosphate Encephalomyelitis, paraneoplastic, Endocrine cancer, See also specific cancer types Endocrine toxicity, from vinca alkaloids, 99, 101 Endometrial carcinoma, megestrol acetate in, 85 risk factors in, 256t screening for, 256 staging and prognosis of, 256t, subtypes of, 257 tamoxifen and, 76, 87, 256, 258 treatment strategies in, 257t--258t, Endoscopy, in colorectal cancer, 150 in esophageal cancer, 130 Endoxan See Cyclophosphamide Enteral feedings, 450 EP regimen, in lung cancer, 18G-182 Epidermal growth factor receptor, in prostate cancer, 235 Epirubicin, cardiovascular toxicity of, 414 interaction of paclitaxel with, 105 in sarcoma, 218 Epogen See Erythropoietin Epoietin-a See Erythropoietin Epstein-Barr virus, AIDS-related cancer and, 352 nasopharyngeal cancer and, 163t, Ergamisol See Levamisole Erythrocyte transfusions, 384 Erythromycin, interaction of vinca alkaloids, 98 Erythropoietin, , 72, 384 Esophageal cancer, 13G-132 cisplatinin, etoposide in, 149 $-fluorouracil in, interferon in, 148 palliation of, 132 radiation therapy in, 14 7 staging of, 130, 1311 treatment strategies in, 13G-132, 132/ Estramustine phosphate, 95-96, 108 in prostate cancer, 235 Estrogens, 7 6 See also Hormonal agents in breast cancer, 109, 113, 116 Ethanol injection, in hepatoma, 137 Etoposide, in AIDS-related lymphoma, in breast cancer, 116, 129 in esophageal cancer, 149 in Hodgkin's disease,

4 Etoposide, continued in leukemia, 290, 290t, 300 in lung cancer, 18o-182, 181t, in myeloma, 330 neurotoxicity of, 418!, 421 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 32o-323, 325 in stomach cancer, 142, 144 in testicular cancer, 231 Eulexin See F1utamide Ewing's sarcoma, 222!, 223 Exemestane, 93 Extravasation, vinca alkaloids and, FAM regimen, in stomach cancer, 144 F amotidine, interaction of melphalan with, 30 FAMTX regimen, in stomach cancer, 143 Fareston See Toremifene Fat, in malnutrition, 4451, 446 Fatigue, palliative care for, 373 Femara See Letrozole Fentanyl, in palliative care, 371t, 372 a-fetoprotein, in germ cell tumors, 230, 231t Fever, 4311, ,382 Finasteride, in prostate cancer, 235 Fine needle aspiration, in breast cancer screening, 110 in thyroid cancer, ~, 6 0, F F1are, after hormonal therapy, 77 F1oxuridine, 44 FLUDARA See F1udarabine phosphate F1udarabine phosphate, 45 interaction of pentostatin with, 52 in leukemia, 294, 2941 neurotoxicity of, 41St, 422 F1uid retention, from docetaxel, 107 F1u-like syndrome, 439 F1uorides, topical, 387 F1uorodeoxyuridine See F1oxuridine F1uoropyrimidines, interaction ofleucovorin with, 49 5-F1uorouracil, 46 in anal cancer, 155, 162 in biliary cancer, in breast cancer, , 116, cardiovascular toxicity of, in colorectal cancer, , ,161 diarrhea from, 387 in esophageal cancer, 13o-131, in head and neck cancer, 166t, , interactions of, with hydroxyurea, 48 with tamoxifen, 87 in malignant melanoma, 216 in pancreatic cancer, , 146 renal toxicity of, 397, 397t in stomach cancer, toxicity of, F1uoxymesterol, 81 F1utarnide, 81 in prostate cancer, , 81, 235 Follicular lymphomas, Food and Drug Administration, reporting of adverse drug effects to, 459 Fotemustine, 3, 23 Free fatty acids, in malnutrition, 451 FUDR See F1oxuridine G Gadolinium imaging, ofbrain tumors, 268 Gallbladder cancer, 136t, , 138f Gallium nitrate, in hypercalcemia, 401t, 402, 432 Gangiclovir, in malignant glioma, 275 Gangliosides, in malignant melanoma, 211 Gastric cancer, , 133f, 133t Gastrinomas, metastatic, 284 in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Gastrointestinal cancer, floxuridine in, 44 5-fluorouracil in, 46 lower, 15o-162 See also Colorectal cancer upper, 13o-149 See also specific cancer types; Upper gastrointestinal cancer Gastrointestinal symptoms, palliative care for, 374 Gastrointestinal toxicity, of aldesleukin, 66 of alkylating agents, 2 anorexia as, 389, 391 ofbacillus Calmette-Guerin, 67 bleeding as, 389 constipation as, diarrhea as, , 390f, 394 of diethylstilbestrol, 80 of estramustine phosphate, 108 of exemestane, 93 of fluoxymesterol, 81 of flutamide, 81 ofleuprolide, 84 nausea and vomiting as, 385, 385t-387t, 393 of retinoids, 75 stomatitis and mucositis as, , 388t-389t, 392 of tamoxifen, 87 of toremifene, 92 of vinca alkaloids, 99, 101, 103 Gemcitabine, 47 in lung cancer, 188t, , 203 pulmonary toxicity of, 409 renal toxicity of, 397, 3971 in sarcoma, 219 Gemzar See Gemcitabine Genetics, ofbreast cancer, 109 of colorectal cancer, 15o-151 of head and neck cancer, 163 ofleukemia, 289 of melanoma, 205 of ovarian cancer, 25o-251 of renal cell carcinoma, 238 Genitourinary cancer, 23o-249 See also specific cancer types gynecologic, 25o-266 Genitourinary hemorrhage, 408 Genitourinary toxicity, of bacillus Calmette-Guerin, 67 of diethylstilbestrol, 80 of fluoxymesterol, 81 of vincristine, 99 Germ cell tumors, 23o-232 See also specific cancer types vinblastine in, 100 VIP regimen in, Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms, 258t-2591, Glioblastoma multiforme, , Glioma See Malignant glioma Glomerulopathy, cancer-related, 399 Glucagonomas, 285 Glucocorticoids, in hypercalcemia, 402 in myeloma, ,333, in palliative care, 373, 373t Glucose, in malnutrition, 445, 445t Glumatine, in malnutrition, 450 Gonadal dysfunction, from antimetabolic agents, 38 Goserelin acetate, 82 in breast cancer, 114, 1161 in prostate cancer, 234 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, 60, 70 in neutropenia, 380, 382 Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 60, 71 in leukemia, 291 in neutropenia, 380, 382 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 355, 367 in sarcoma, 219 Grief and bereavement, 376 Growth factors, in hematopoiesis, 377, 378t in malnutrition, , 452t Growth hormone, in malnutrition, 452t, Guillain-Barre syndrome, paraneoplastic syndromes versus, 435 Gynecologic cancer, 25o-266 See also specific cancer types common types of, 250, 2501 Gynecologic toxicity, of tamoxifen, 87 of toremifene, 92 Hairy cell leukemia, 294 cladribine in, 42 H pentostatin in, 52 Haloperidol, in palliative care, 374 Halotestin See F1uoxymesterol Head and neck cancer, chemoprevention of, 167t-1681, cisplatin in, 166t, 167, docetaxdin, etiology and risk factors in, 163, 163t 5-fluorouracilin, 16t, , hydroxyurea in, methotrexate in, 50, 166t, 167 recurrent and metastatic, sarcomas as, 222 staging and prognosis of, 163t-164t, treatment strategies in, 164f, , 166t Helicobacter pylori, in lymphoma, 312 in stomach cancer, 132 Hematologic toxicity, See also Myelosuppression of aldesleukin, 56, 412 of alkylating agents, 2, 379t of antimetabolic agents, 3 7, 40t, 3 79 t of fluoxymesterol, 81 oflevamisole, 69 of taxanes, 105, 107, 379t of vinca alkaloids, 99, 101, 103, 379t Hematopoiesis, 377, 378t Hematopoietic growth factors, 377, 3781, 380, 382 Hemodynamic cancer complications, Hemorrhage, gastrointestinal, 389 genitourinary, 408 Hemorrhagic cystitis, 399 alkylating agents and, 2-3 Hepatic cancer, , 137f, 137t Hepatic toxicity, of ketoconazole, 83 Hepatitis, hepatocellular cancer and, 136 Hepatocellular carcinoma, , 13'if, 137t Hepatoma, treatment strategies for, 137, 137f Herpes simplex thymidine kinase, in malignant glioma, 271,276 Herpesvirus infection, AIDS-related cancer and, Hexalen See Altretamine Hexamethylmdamine See Altretamine HIV infection See Human immunodeficiency virus infection Hodgkin's disease, ABVD regimen in, 304t-305t, , in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 358 carmustine in, 12 chlorambucil in,

5 cyclophosphamide in, 19 dacarbazine in, 21, lomustine in, 26 mechlorethamine in, 28 MOPP regimen in, 304, 304t, 306, procarbazinein,31, radiation therapy in, 303 side effects of treatment of, 306 staging of, 303, 303t treatment strategies in, , 304t-305t vinblastine in, 100, vincristine in, 98, 31Q-311 Hormonal agents, See also specific agents in breast cancer, as adjuvant therapy, , 114t metastatic, 116t, chemotherapy combined with, 77 duration of treatment with, 77 in endometrial carcinoma, flare and, 77 indications for, 7 6t, mechanism of action of, 7 6, 7 6t new developments in, in prostate cancer, regimens for, 77, 7 7 ~ 7 8 / Hormone replacement therapy, endometrial carcinoma and, Hospice care, 375 Hot flushes, from anastrozole, 88 from bicalutamide, 89 from exemestane, 93 from mifepristone, 86 from nilutamide, 91 from tamoxifen, 87 from toremifene, 92 HTL V -1 associated adult T -cell leukemia/lymphoma, Human chorionic gonadotropin, in germ cell tumors, 230,231! in gestational trophoblastic neoplasms, 259, 259t Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, in breast cancer, 117, 117t Human immunodeficiency virus infection See also Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aldesleukin in, 55 anal cancer and, 155 erythropoietin in, 72 Human papillomavirus, AIDS-related cancer and, 352 cervical cancer and, 254, 254t Hiirthle cell cancer, 279 Hydrea See Hydroxyurea Hydrocodone, in palliative care, 371t-372t, Hydromorphone, in palliative care, 371t, 372 Hydroxyurea, 48 in head and neck cancer, in leukemia, 293 Hypercalcemia, after hormonal therapy, 77 as metabolic cancer complication, , 402t, Hypercortisolism, , in adrenal cortical cancer, 277, 277t Hyperfractionated radiation therapy, in head and neck cancer, in lung cancer, 181, 186 Hypersensitivity, to ketoconazole, 83 in malnutrition, 446, 446t to taxanes, 105, 107 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 409, 411t Hyperuricemia, alkylating agents and, 2 Hyponatremia,40D-401,433,433t Hypotension, from aldesleukin, 56, 442 Hypothyroidism, from aldesleukin, 56 Hysterectomy, in cervical cancer, 255 in endometrial carcinoma, 257 in uterine sarcomas, 258 I ICE regimen, in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 320 I CI 182,780, 94 ldarubicin, in leukemia, 290, 290t in myeloma, 330 Ifex See Ifosfamide Ifosfamide, neurotoxicity of, 41St, 421 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 32Q-322 renal toxicity of, 396 in sarcoma, , 219t Immune-mediated cancer complications, 444 Immunodeficiency, melanoma and, 205 Immunotherapy See also specific agents myelosuppression from, 378 renal toxicity of, 397 t, 399 Infectious cancer complications, 441 lnferon A See Interferons Infertility, chemotherapy-related, 306 Inflammatory breast cancer, 114 Insulin, interaction of octreotide with, 73 in malnutrition, 452, 452t Insulin-like growth factor 1, in malnutrition, 453 Insulinomas, 284 Interferons, in bladder cancer, 237 in carcinoid tumors, 283, 288 in esophageal cancer, 148 interactions of anticancer drugs with, 46, 58 in Kaposi's sarcoma, 354 in leukemia, 293 in malignant melanoma, , 214 in myeloma, 328 in renal cell carcinoma, 240 toxicity of, 240, 397t, 398, 41St, 422, 441 Interleukin-2 See Aldesleukin Interleukins, 55-56, 59-60, cachexia and, 430 in hematopoiesis, 377, 378t investigational, 62, 62t in Kaposi's sarcoma, 354 in malignant melanoma, 214 in myelosuppression, 383 precautions with, 65 Interstitial pneumonitis, , 410t-411t Intravesical therapy, in bladder cancer, Irinotecan, in brain tumors, 271 in colorectal cancer, , 160 diarrhea from, in lung cancer, 183, 189, 199 toxicity of, 154 Islet cell carcinoma, streptozocin and doxorubicin in, 141 Isotretinoin, 62, IVAC regimen, in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, K Kaposi's sarcoma, 223, , interferons in, 57, 354 Kamofsky Performance Status, 424 Keratinocyte growth fuctor, in mucositis, 387 Ketoconazole, 83, 434 Kidney cancer, See also Renal cell carcinoma Kidney toxicity See Renal toxicity L Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, paraneoplastic, 436 Laparotomy, in ovarian cancer, Large cell carcinoma, lung, 177 t, 178 Laryngeal cancer, treatment regimen for, Letrozole, 90 Leucovorin, 49 in colorectal cancer, , 158, 161 interactions of, with capecitabine, 54 with floxuridine, 44 with 5-fluorouracil, 46 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, in stomach cancer, Leukemia, See also specific types ofleukemia acute lymphoblastic, 289t, 292t, acute myeloid, 289t-292t, alkylating agents in, 1 anthracyclines in, 290, 290t-291t, 298 asparaginase in, 41 BFM regimen in, 301 bone marrow transplantation in, busulfun in, 8 chlorambucilin,14,294,294t chronic lymphocytic, 294, 294t chronic mydogenous, cladribine in, 42 cyclophosphamide in, 19, 290, 290t cytarabine in, 43, , 290, 290t-291t ECOG regimen in, 302 fludarabinein,294,294t hairy cell, 294 hydroxyurea in, 48, 293 mechlorethamine in, 28 mercaptopurine in, 51 methotrexate in, 50 mitoxantrone in, 300 promyelocytic, 291, 291t, 299 retinoic acid in, 291, 291t, 299 thioguanine in, 53 treatment-related risks of, 289, 306 vincristine in, 98, 292 Leukemia meningitis, cytarabine in, 43 Leukeran See Chlorambucil Leukine See Sargramostim Leukoplakia, oral, ,168/ Leuprolide, 84 Leustatin See Cladribine Levamisole, 58-59, 69 Lipids, in malnutrition, 445t, 446 Liposomal anthracyclines, in Kaposi's sarcoma, Liver cancer, , 137f, 137t Liver transplantation, in hepatocellular cancer, 136 Lobular carcinoma in situ, breast, 11 Q-111 Lomustine, in AIDS-related lymphoma, 369 Loperamide, 388 Lorazepam, in palliative care, 374 Lower gastrointestinal cancer, 15Q-162 Lumpectomy, in breast cancer, in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 359 carboplatin in, , 201 cisplatin in, 18Q-182, 181t, , 187,196, , docetaxel in, 106, , 188t, 190,204 early detection and screening for, 178 etiology and risk factors in, 177, 177 t etoposide in, 18Q-182, 181t, gemcitabine in, 4 7, 190,

6 Lung cancer, continued irinotecan in, 183, 189, 199 methotrexate in, 50 non-small cell, , See also Non-small cell lung cancer paclitaxel in, , , 188!, 2Q0-201 pathology of, 177 t, prevention of, small cell, See also Small cell lung cancer staging and prognosis of, 179, 180! topotecan in, 183 vinblastine in, 185t, vinorelbine in, 102, , 202 Lung toxicity See Pulmonary toxicity Lupron See Leuprolide Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues, 7f:r-77 See also Hormonal agents; specific agents in prostate cancer, 234 Lymph nodes, in breast cancer staging, 110, 111! Lymphadenectomy, in melanoma, 20f:r-208 in stomach cancer, 132 in testicular cancer, 231 Lymphadenopathy, of unknown primary, 349 Lymphoblastic lymphoma, 314 Lymphoma See also Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, , 357t, 358f, alkylating agents in, 1 chlorambucil in, 14 cladribine in, 42 cyclophosphamide in, 19 dacarbazine in, 21 vinblastine in, 100 vincristine in, 98 Lymphosarcoma, chlorambucil in, 14 mechlorethamine in, 28 Lynch II syndrome, ovarian cancer and, 251 M MADCDP regimen, in sarcomas, Magnetic resonance imaging, in AIDS-related lymphoma, 357 of brain tumors, MAID regimen, in sarcoma, 219 Malignant effusions, clinical presentation of, 337, 337 t diagnosis of, , 338.f-339f, 339t pathophysiology of, 337 pericardia!, 342 pleural, 342 treatment of, 338.f-339f, , 339t, 342 Malignant glioma, carmustinein, , cisplatin in, 27 4 epidemiology of, 26 7 ganciclovir in, 276 herpes simplex thymidine kinase in, 271, 276 mercaptopurine in, 275 neuroimaging of, streptowcin in, 275 toxin injections in, 271 treatment strategies in, , 271t Malignant melanoma, aldesleukin in, 55, 65 alkylating agents in, 3 cellular immunity in, 211 cisplatin in, 214 clinical and pathologic appearance of, cytokines in, 208 dacarbazine in, 21, 208, 214 diagnosis, prognosis, and staging of, 20f:r-207, 207 t etiology and risk factors in, 205, 206t 5-fluorouracil in, 216 hormonal therapy in, 77 hydroxyurea in, 48 interferons in, 57-58, , 214 interleukin in, 214 melphalan in, 215 ocular, 211 tamoxifen in, 208 treatment strategies in, , 209t-210t vinblastine in, 214 Malnutrition, assessment of, 446t-447t, causes of, 445f, 445t, treatment of, 447t-452t, , 454f, 454t, 457 Mammography, Mantle cell lymphoma, 314 Marginal zone lymphoma, Mastectomy, in breast cancer, 11o-112 Matulane See Procarbazine M-BACOD regimen, in AIDS-related lymphoma, 367 Mechlorethamine, in Hodgkin's disease, 304, Medical adrenalectomy, arninoglutethirnide as, 79 Megace See Megestrol acetate Megestrol acetate, 85 in breast cancer, 117,265 in endometrial carcinoma, , 265 in malnutrition, Melanoma See Malignant melanoma Melphalan, 30 in malignant melanoma, 215 in myeloma, , 333, 335 Meperidine, in palliative care, 371t, 372 Mercaptopurine, 51 interaction of cytarabine with, 43 in malignant glioma, 275 Metabolic complications of cancer, adrenocorticotropic hormone and, , 403f antidiuretic hormone secretion and, 40o-401 cachexia and, 430 hypercalcemia as, 401!, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis as, Metastasis, in breast cancer, , 116 staging of, 110, 111t in gastrinorna, 284 in sarcomas, 223 in testicular cancer, 231t Methotrexate, 50 in AIDS-related lymphoma, 367 in bladder cancer, , in breast cancer, , 121 in head and neck cancer, 166t, 167 interactions of, with asparaginase, 41 with cytarabine, 43 with 5 -fluorouracil, 46 with hydroxyurea, 48 with leucovorin, 49 with mercaptopurine, 51 with thioguanine, 53 with vinca alkaloids, 98, 100 leucovorin as antidote to, 49 neurotoxicity of, 418t, 421 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 321, 323, 325 pulmonary toxicity of, 409 renal toxicity of, 397, 397t in stomach cancer, 143 Metocloprarnide, in malnutrition, 454 Metronidazole, neurotoxicity of, 418!, 421 Metyrapone, 434 Microtubules, 95 Mifepristone, 86 Mifiprex See Mifepristone Misonidazole, neurotoxicity of, 418!, 421 Mithramycin, in hypercalcemia, 432 renal toxicity of, 397 t, 398 Mitomycin C, in anal cancer, 155, 162 in bladder cancer, 23f:r-237 in esophageal cancer, 131 pulmonary toxicity of, renal toxicity of, 397 t, 398 in stomach cancer, 145 Mitotane, in adrenal cortical cancer, 286 neurotoxicity of, 41St, 422 Mitotic spindle, 9 5 Mitoxantrone, cardiovascular toxicity of, 414 in leukemia, 300 in prostate cancer, 235 Molar pregnancy, 258t-259t, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, interaction of altretarnine with, 7 Monoclonal antibodies, in breast cancer, 117, 126 in lymphoma, 313, 319 Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, myeloma and, 326 MOPP regimen, in Hodgkin's disease, 304, 304t, 306, Morphine, in palliative care, 371t, Motor neuron disease, paraneoplastic, 436 MP regimen, in myeloma, 327, 333 Mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes, 437 t, 438 Mucositis, 38f:r-387, 388t-389t, 392 Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, in thyroid cancer, 278 Multiple myeloma See Myeloma Muscular toxicity, of taxanes, 105, 107 Mustargen See Mechlorethamine M-VAC regimen, in bladder cancer, 248 Mycobacterial infection, from bacillus Calmette-Guerin, 58,67 Mycosis fungoides, methotrexate in, 50 Myelodysplasia, leukemia after, 289 Myeloma, 32f:r-336 bone disease in, 330 bone marrow transplantation in, 329 carmustine in, 12 cyclophosphamide in, 19 diagnosis and staging of, 326t, 32f:r-327 donor leukocyte infusions in, 329 incidence and risk factors in, 326, 326! interferon in, 328 melphalan in, 30 MP regimen in, 327, 333 treatment strategies in, V AD regimen in, , 336 VBMCP regimen in, 328, 334 VMCPIVBAP and ABCM regimens in, 328, 335 Myelosuppression, from alkylating agents, 2 anemia in, 38o-381, 384 from antimetabolic agents, 37, 40t causes of, 377t, , 379t diagnosis of, neutropeniain,380,382 from paclitaxel, 105 pathophysiology of, 377, 378! 486

7 thrombocytopenia in, 381, 383 from vinca alkaloids, 99, 101 Myleran See Busulfan Mylotarg, in leukemia, 29Q-291 N (3-Naphthylamine, bladder cancer and, 235, 236t Nasopharyngeal cancer, National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Scale, 45S-459 Nausea, 3S5, 3S5t--3S7t, 393 N avelbine See Vinorelbine Neck cancer See Head and neck cancer Neoadjuvant therapy, in breast cancer, 115 in esophageal cancer, 13Q-131 in lung cancer, 185, 185t in pancreatic cancer, 135 Neosar See Cyclophosphamide Nephrectomy, in renal cell carcinoma, 239 Nephritis, radiation, 396 Nephrotoxicity See Renal toxicity N eupogen See Filgrastim Neuroblastoma, cyclophosphamide in, 19 Neuroendocrine carcinoma, of unknown primary, 351 Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes, 434t-435t, S Neurotoxicity, 41St, 41S-422 of antimetabolic agents, 3S, 40t of platinum analogues, 418t, 41S-419 oftaxanes, 105, 107, 41St, of vinca alkaloids, 99, 101, 103, S, 41St Neutropenia, 3SO, 3S2 filgrastim in, 70 from taxanes, 105, 107 from vinca alkaloids, 101, 103 Nifedipine, interaction of vincristine with, 9S Nilandron See Nilutamide Nilutamide, 91 NIPENT See Pentostatin Nitrogen mustard See Mechlorethamine Nitrosoureas See also specific agents pulmonary toxicity of, renal toxicity of, , 397 Nizatidine, interaction of melphalan with, 30 Niwral See Ketoconawle Nolvadex SeeTamoxifen Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, , 357t, 367 aggressive, 313t--314t, carmustine in, 12 CHOP regimen in, , 31S CODOX-M and IVAC regimens in, CVP regimen in, 317 DHAP regimen in, 324 diagnosis and staging of, 312, 312t ICE regimen in, 320 indolent, ,313/ methotrexate in, 50 ProMACE-CytaBOM regimen in, 323 rituximab in, 319 Vanderbilt regimen in, 325 Non-small cell lung cancer, carboplatin in, 1SSt, 1S8-1S9, 201 cisplatin in, 18Q-181, 181t, , 188t, 200, docetaxel in, 106, , 188/, 190, 204 gemcitabine in, 18St, ,203 paclitaxel in, , 18St, 20Q-201 pathology of, 177 t, stage I and stage II, stage IliA, 185t, 1S5-186 stage IIIB, ,187! stage IV, , 188t treatment strategies in, vinorelbine in, 102, ,202 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in fever, 432 interaction of mechlorethamine with, 29 in palliative care, 3 71 Nucleotides, in malnutrition, 450 Occupational exposure, brain tumors and, 26 7 Octreotide,55,61, 73,388 in carcinoid tumors, 288 Ocular melanoma, ON CASPAR See Pegasparaginase Oncovin See Vincristine Oopherectomy, in breast cancer, , 116 in uterine cancer, Opiates, interaction of procarbazine with, 31 Opioids, in palliative care, 371t--372t, adjuvant analgesics in, 373, 373t Opsodonus-myoclonus, paraneoplastic, 435 Oral cancer, 163 See also Head and neck cancer Orchiectomy, in testicular cancer, 231 Org2766,419 Osteosarcoma, 222t, 223 leucovorin in, 49 Ovarian ablation, in breast cancer, , 116 Ovarian cancer, 25Q-254 altretamine in, 7 carboplatin in, 10, , 253t, cisplatin in, 16, , 253t, 264 cyclophosphamide in, 19,264 docetaxel in, 106 etiology, risk factors, and screening in, 250, 251t genetic mutations in, 25Q-251 hydroxyurea in, 4S melphalan in, 30 paclitaxel in, 104, , 253t, patientevaluationin, residual disease in, 254 salvage chemotherapy in, 254 staging and prognosis of, 251t, treatment strategies in, , 253t Oxaliplatin, in colorectal cancer, 152 Oxycodone, in palliative care, , Paclitaxel, in bladder cancer, 23S in breast cancer, 113, 124 cardiovascular toxicity of, 413, 415 in head and neck cancer, 166t, 167 in Kaposi's sarcoma, in lung cancer, 183-lSS, 187-1S8, 1S8t, 20Q-201 neurotoxicity of, 41St, in ovarian cancer, , 253t, in prostate cancer, 235 in uterine sarcomas, 266 Pain, palliative care for, 37Q-371 Palliative care, 37Q-376 advanced care planning in, 374, 375t assessment for, 370f, 37Q-373, 371t--373t, 372f depression in, dyspnea in, 3 73 p fatigue in, 3 73 gastrointestinal symptoms in, 374 grief and bereavement in, 376 hospice care in, 375 psychosocial needs in, 3 75 spiritual issues in, 375 terminal symptoms in, Pamidronate, in hypercalcemia, 402, 432 in myeloma, 33Q-331 Pancreatic cancer, endocrine, fluorouracilin,146 gemcitabine in, 4 7 radiation therapy in, 146 staging of, 134, 134t streptozocin in, 32 treatment strategies in, , 135f Papanicolaou smear, in cervical cancer screening, Paraneoplastic syndromes, defined, 430 mucocutaneous, 437t, 438 neurologic, 434t-435t, Paraplatin See Carboplatin Parathyroid hormone, in calcium homeostasis, 432 Parathyroid hormone-related peptide, 401, 432 Partial response, defined, 460 Patients' preferences, quality of life and, 425 Paxene See Paclitaxel PEB regimen, in testicular cancer, , Pegasparaginase, 41 Pentostatin, 52 interaction of fludarabine phosphate with, 45 neurotoxicity of, 41St, 422 Pericardia! disease, treatment-related, 415 Pericardia! effusions, 337t, 339f, 342 See also Malignant effusions Peripheral blood evaluation, for myelosuppression, Peripheral neuropathy, paraneoplastic, 436 Peripheral T -cell lymphoma, Peritoneal carcinomatosis, of unknown primary, 350 P-glycoprotein, plant-derived agents and, 96 Phenobarbital, interactions of, with altretamine, 7 with ifosfamide, 24 with vincristine, 98 Phenprocoumon, interaction of capecitabine with, 54 Phenytoin, interactions of, with busulfan, 8 with cyclophosphamide, 19 with dacarbazine, 21 with ifosfamide, 24 with levarnisole, 69 with streptozocin, 32 with vinca alkaloids, 98, 100 Phototherapy, in bladder cancer, 237 Plant-derived agents, See also specific agents mechanisms of action of, novel, 96 resistance to, 96 Platelet transfusions, 383 Platinating agents, 1-36 See also specific agents Platinol See Cisplatin Pleural effusions, 337 t, 338f, 342 See also Malignant effusions Pleurodesis, Pneumonitis, chemotherapy-related, , 410t--411t radiation, 411, 411t Polymyositis, paraneoplastic, 436 Polyps, colorectal cancer and, 15Q-151 Positron emission scanning, in lung cancer, 179 Prednisone, in Hodgkin's disease, 304, 304t, in leukemia, 292 in myeloma, , 333, 335 in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, , , 323,325 Pregnancy, antimetabolic agents in, 38 mifepristone in medical termination of, 86 molar, 25St--259t, 25S

8 Prerenal azotemia, 395 Procarbazine, 31 in AIDS-related lymphoma, 369 in Hodgkin's disease, 304, neurotoxicity of, 418t, 421 pulmonary toxicity of, 409 Procrit See Erythropoietin Progenitor cell infusions, 381 Progestational agents, in endometrial carcinoma, Progestins, 76 See also Hormonal agents in breast cancer, 117 Progressive disease, defined, 460 Prokine See Sargramostim Proleukin See Aldesleukin Proliferative breast lesions, cancer and, 110 ProMACE-CytaBOM regimen, in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 323 Promyelocytic leukemia, 291, 291t, 299 Prophylactic cranial irradiation, in lung cancer, 184 Prostate cancer, bone metastases in, 235 estramustine phosphate in, 108, 235 etiology and risk factors in, 232, 232t hormonal therapy in, 76, 76t, aminoglutethimide in, 79 bicalutamide in, 89 diethylstilbestrol in, 80, 235 finasteride in, 235 flutamide in, 81, 235 goserelin acetate in, 82, 234 ketoconazole in, 83 leuprolide in, 84 nilutamide in, 91 mitoxantrone in, 235 screening for, 233 staging and prognosis of, 233t, treatment strategies in, vinblastine in, 235 Prostatectomy, in prostate cancer, Prostate-specific antigen, prostate cancer and, Protein, in malnutrition, 445t, Pulmonary edema, treatment-related, 409, 411t Pulmonary fibrosis, treatment-related, , 411t Pulmonary toxicity, 409t, , 411t of aldesleukin, 66 of alkylating agents, ofbleomycin, 409t, of cytarabine, 409 of gemcitabine, 409 ofleuprolide, 84 of methotrexate, 409 of mitomycin, 410 of nilutamide, 91 of nitrosoureas, of procarbazine, 409 of radiation therapy, 41o-411, 411! of sargramostim, 71 of vinca alkaloids, 101, 103, 409 Purine analogues See also specific agents neurotoxicity of, 418t, 422 Purinethol See Mercaptopurine PVB regimen, in testicular cancer, 232 Q Q TWIST method, of quality of life analysis, , 427t Qyality oflife, clinical trials and, data analysis in, instruments to measure, 424t, quantity and, 426f, , 427 t R Racial factors, in lung cancer, 177 Radiation pneumonitis, 411, 411t Radiation therapy, in AIDS-related lymphoma, 357 in anal cancer, 155, 162 in biliary cancer, 137 in bladder cancer, 237 in brain tumors, 269, 271 brain tumors after, 267 in breast cancer, in cervical cancer, in colorectal cancer, 152 in endometrial carcinoma, 257 in esophageal cancer, 13(}-131, 147 gastrointestinal toxicity of, inheadandneckcancer, ,167t, in Hodgkin's disease, 303 leukemia risk and, 289 in lung cancer, 18(}-181, 181t, , 187t in melanoma, 208 myelosuppression from, 3 78 nephritis from, 396 in nonmelanoma skin cancer, 212 in pancreatic cancer, , 146 in prostate cancer, 234 in renal cell carcinoma, 239 in sarcomas, 218, 222 in stomach cancer, 132 in thyroid cancer, 287 total parenteral nutrition and, Radiofrequency ablation, of hepatomas, 137 Radioiodine therapy, in thyroid cancer, 28(}-281 Raloxifene, in breast cancer, 111, 117 Ranitidine, interaction of melphalan with, 30 Recombinant interferon, in esophageal cancer, 148 Rectal cancer See Colorectal cancer Renal cell carcinoma, aldesleukin in, 55, 65, etiology and risk factors in, 238, 239t hormonal therapy in, 77 interferon in, 240 staging and prognosis of, , 239t Renal complications of cancer, acute tubular necrosis as, 396 chemotherapy-related, , 397t glomerulopathies as, 399 radiation nephritis as, 396 renal failure as, 395!, in bone marrow transplantation, 399 chronic, 395t, 399 Renal toxicity, of alkylating agents, , 397t of antimetabolic agents, 397t, of antitumor antibiotics, 397 t, 398 of biologic agents, 66, 397 t, Retinoblastoma, cyclophosphamide in, 19 Retinoic acid, , 74 in leukemia, 291, 291t, 299 in leukoplakia, , 168t Retinoids, , investigational, 62, 621 Retinol, 61 Retinopathy, cancer-associated, Retroperitoneal sarcomas, 222 Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in prostate cancer, 234 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 222 Rituximab, in lymphoma, 313,319 Roferon A See Interferons Saline diuresis, in hypercalcemia, 401t, Salivary gland cancer, 164 Salpingo-oopherectomy, in uterine cancer, Salvage chemotherapy, in ovarian cancer, 254 Samarium-153 EDTMP, in prostate cancer, 235 Sandostatin See Octreotide Sarcomas, bone, 222t, 223 cyclophosphamide in, 219, 219t, 221t, dacarbazine in, 219, 219 t doxorubicin in, , 219!, 221t, ,266 head and neck, 222 ifosfamide in, , 219t, 227 Kaposi's, 223, , MADCDP regimen in, metastatic, 223 retroperitoneal, 222 soft tissue, classification and staging of, 217, 217t diagnosis of, 217 treatment modalities in, , 219t, 220f, 221t uterine, , 266 VMAID regimen in, 227 Sargramostim,60, 71,382, Sclerotherapy, for malignant effusions, Scopolamine, in palliative care, Screening, for breast cancer, 109 for cervical cancer, for colorectal cancer, 150 for endometrial carcinoma, 256 forlung cancer, 178 for ovarian cancer, 250, 250t for prostate cancer, 233 Sedation, from opioids, 372 Selective estrogen receptor modulators, See also Hormonal agents; specific agents Seminoma, 23(}-232 See also Testicular cancer Sensorimotor neuropathies, paraneoplastic, 436 Serotonin, in carcinoid tumors, Sexual dysfunction, from goserelin acetate, 82 from leuprolide, 84 Sexually transmitted diseases, anal cancer and, 154 Sigmoidoscopy, 150 Single-photon emission computed tomography, in AIDSrelated lymphoma, 357 Skin cancer, melanoma, See also Malignant melanoma nonmelanoma, Small cell lung cancer, carboplatin in, cisplatin in, 18(}-181, 1811, 196, 199 cranial irradiation in, 184 etoposide in,18(}-181,181t, extensive-stage, irinotecan in, 199 limited-stage, 18(}-181, 181t maintenance therapy of, 182 new agents in, paraneoplastic syndromes in, pathology of, 177t, treatment strategies in, , 181! Small lymphocytic lymphoma, Smoking See Tobacco use Somatostatin analogue SMS See Octreotide Somatostatinomas, 285 Somatuline, 61 Spiral computed tomography, in lung cancer screening, 178 Spiritual issues, in palliative care, 375 Sputum cytology, in lung cancer screening, 178 Squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous,