Nanotechnology In Cancer Treatment NICK AKERS
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1 Nanotechnology In Cancer Treatment NICK AKERS
2 Cancer Cancer is unregulated cell division that forms a tumor, which kills of surrounding tissues Kills roughly 8 million people worldwide per year Cancer diagnoses expected to rise 50% by 2030 according to the National Cancer Institute ahukewjup83e7zpxahvoysykhu1adqoq_auicygc&biw=1920&bih=949#imgrc=cikxnbrxlucwim:
3 Current Treatments Chemotherapy, Radiation, and Surgery are most common cures Do not target the cancer cells very well; healthy cells are killed too Causes side effects, delays healing Especially damaging in elderly patients Cure can be worse than the disease
4 What is Nanotechnology? Creation of technology on the scale of nanometers (10^-9) Incredibly small size allows them to be injected into people Created for very specific actions Largely still in research/development phase Gaining attention as possible cure to cancer Several types of nanobots for cancer treatment Focus on Quantum Dots, Nanoshells, DNA Origami Drug Delivery
5 Quantum Dots Cancer Detection Tiny engineered crystals that glow when subjected to UV light, based on size Covered in a special coating that binds to antigens specific to cancer cells Injected into bloodstream Potentially more accurate and safer than current systems using radioactive markers _4aF8pPXAhWly4MKHXpVBUYQ_AUICygC&biw=809&bih=924#imgrc=Ch2kAMyaR9QkUM:
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8 Nanoshells Form of cancer treatment Comprised of dielectric silica core with thin gold shell Based on their radius and shell thickness, engineers can have them resonate at desired wavelengths Injected into bloodstream Nanoshells then congregate on tumors due to enhanced permeability and retention effect and antigen binding Specific wavelength applied to patient causes the particles to resonate, releasing heat, killing adjacent cancer cells
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11 DNA Origami Method DNA scaffold built using special software Forms a capsule with specific antigen binding sites When in contact with a tumor cell, the DNA capsule changes shape, releasing medication stored inside Like extremely targeted chemotherapy
12 Functions as AND gate: both antigen binding site must activate
13 NKL Cell: Natural Killer Cells afflicted with leukemia Whole blood = healthy cells Scatter reveals nanobots selectively label cancerous cells while avoiding healthy ones 0.6% off target content/335/6070/831.full
14 Pros Potential for targeted attack on cancer cells (reduced damage to healthy cells) Could be tailored to meet individual patients needs Potential to be adapted for other uses diagnosing other diseases Cons High development cost Still mostly experimental Complicated design Electric based nanobots are vulnerable to stray electronic fields in environment Ethical concerns could nanobots be used to augment natural abilities in future?
15 Conclusion Nanotechnology is already helping millions in the form of nanoparticles in cancer detection With more research and development, we could see targeted cancer treatment in our lifetimes Potentially limitless technology; could be applied to other diseases
16 Sources Bachelet, Ido, et. all. A Logic-Gated Nanorobot for Targeted Transport of Molecular Payloads. Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 17 Feb Enhanced permeability and retention effect. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Oct Loo, Christopher, et. all. Immunotargeted Nanoshells for Integrated Cancer Imaging and Therapy. ACS Publications, ACS, 22 Mar. 2005, MacRae, Michael. Top 5 Advances in Medical Technology. ASME.org, ASME, Mar Saxena S, Pramod B J, Dayananda B C, Nagaraju K. Design, architecture and application of nanorobotics in oncology. Indian J Cancer [serial online] 2015 [cited 2017 Oct 28];52:
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