HIV and AIDS Related Cancers DR GORDON AMBAYO UHS

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Maximillian Marsh
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1 HIV and AIDS Related Cancers DR GORDON AMBAYO UHS

2 INTRODUCTION People with HIV/AIDS are at high risk for developing certain cancers, such as: Kaposi's sarcoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer. For people with HIV, these three cancers are often called "AIDS-defining conditions," meaning that if a person with HIV has one of these cancers it can signify the development of AIDS. The connection between HIV/AIDS depends on a weakened immune system.

3 Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of skin cancer, which has traditionally occurred in older men, or people who have received organ transplantation. Today, Kaposi's sarcoma is found most often in homosexual men with HIV/AIDS and related to an infection with the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). HIV/AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma causes lesions to arise in multiple sites in the body, including the skin, lymph nodes, and organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs, and digestive tract.

4 Kaposi s Sarcoma

5 Kaposi s Sarcoma

6 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma HIV/AIDS-related NHL is the second most common cancer associated with HIV/AIDS, after Kaposi's sarcoma. There are many different subtypes of NHL. The most common subtypes of NHL in people with HIV/AIDS are primary central nervous system lymphoma (affecting the brain and spinal fluid), found in 20% of all NHL cases in people with HIV/AIDS, primary effusion lymphoma (causing fluid to accumulate around the lungs or in the abdomen), or intermediate and highgrade lymphoma.

7 Anatomy of female reproductive system

8 Cervical cancer

9 CERVICAL CANCER Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix of the uterus of a woman, caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The second most common type of cancer in women worldwide is the cervical cancer. Human Papilloma virus infection is a sexually transmitted infection, Cervical cancer present at an average of 38 years.

10 How long does it take for cervical cancer to develop? Once cervical cells begin to change, it typically takes years before invasive cervical cancer develops. As the cells change, they first become "pre-cancerous" a condition also known as "dysplasia" or CIN the abbreviation for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. If detected early, dysplasia can be treated before the cells become cancerous.

11 Cervical Cancer

12 Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer: Cervical cancer usually does not come along with prominent signs and symptoms. Hence, it is very important to undergo the cancer screening tests or Pap Smear tests to check if cervical cancer has developed or not. This test is usually offered to women within the age group of 25 years to 64 years. In this test, a small brush wipes some of the cells from the cervix (the entrance from the vagina to the womb).

13 Signs and Symptoms Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after sex or between periods Pain during sex Smelly vaginal discharge Pain in the pelvic region Vaginal bleeding continued even after menopause Blood stains in vaginal discharge.

14 How is cervical cancer treated? Treatment options depend on the following: The stage of the cancer. The size of the tumor. Your age. Your desire to have children.

15 Treatment typically involves one or more of the following: Surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy). However, for young women with small tumors, minimally invasive surgery that preserves the ability to have children may be an option. This procedure is called "radical vaginal trachelectomy with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy." Radiation therapy, in which high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation are used to kill the cancer cells.

16 Treatment cont... Chemotherapy, which uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be taken by mouth, or injected into a vein, muscle, spinal column, organ or body cavity.

17 What can you do to prevent cervical cancer? The best way to protect yourself is to get regular cervical cancer screenings with the Pap and if you're older than 30 the HPV test. Together, these tests determine if you are likely to have or to develop abnormal cells that could become cancerous if not removed An additional exam called a colposcopy to determine if any abnormal cells need to be removed.

18 Cervical cancer vaccine

19 Vaccine Schedule All HPV vaccines should be administered in a 3-dose schedule, with the second dose administered 1 to 2 months after the first dose and the third dose 6 months after the first dose.

20 Cervical Cancer Vaccine

What is cervical cancer?

What is cervical cancer? The cervix is the bottom part, or neck, of the uterus. Cervical cancer happens when normal cells in the cervix change into abnormal cells, and grow out of control. Most women whose