Advances in Breast Cancer ASCO 2018

Transcription

1 Advances in Breast Cancer ASCO 2018 Wylie Hosmer, MD Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute Special Thanks to Dawn Holcombe for help with slide preparation

2 TAILORx ASCO Highlights HER2 6 vs 12 Long Term endocrine PI3K Lung cancer Just a few highlights

3 Trial Assigning IndividuaLized Options for TReatment (TAILORx): Phase III trial of chemoendocrine therapy versus endocrine therapy alone in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, node-negative breast cancer and an intermediate prognosis 21-gene recurrence score Joseph A. Sparano, Robert J. Gray, William C. Wood, Della F. Makower, Tracy G. Lively, Thomas J. Saphner, Maccon M. Keane, Henry L. Gomez, Pavan Reddy, Timothy F. Goggins, Ingrid A. Mayer, Deborah Toppmeyer, Adam Brufsky, Matthew P. Goetz, Daniel F. Hayes, Elizabeth Claire Dees, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Charles E. Geyer, John A. Olson, & George W. Sledge on behalf of the TAILORx Investigators Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 3

4 Background: Rationale for Design of TAILORx Precision Medicine Trial Biomarker Directed Chemotherapy Target Population: HR-positive, HER2-negative, Node-negative Breast Cancer 50% of all breast cancers in U.S. Adjuvant chemotherapy recommended, but benefit small Most are overtreated ALL PATIENTS (B20) TAM ± (+C)MF (N=668) 10-year DRFS 88% vs. 92%, p=0.02 (Paik et al. N Eng J Med 2004;351: ; Paik et al. J Clin Oncol 2006;24: ; Sparano, Paik. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 4

5 Background: Rationale for Design of TAILORx Precision Medicine Trial Biomarker Directed Chemotherapy Assay Selected: 21-Gene Assay (Recurrence Score) Two prospective validation studies in ER-positive, node-negative breast cancer Prognostic (B-14 study - tamoxifen): low recurrence with ET if RS low Predictive (B-20 study tam ± CMF): large chemotherapy benefit if RS high HIGH RS ( 31) PREDICTION 10-year DRFS 61% vs. 88%, p=0.001 Uncertain chemotherapy benefit for mid-range RS (Paik et al. N Eng J Med 2004;351: ; Paik et al. J Clin Oncol 2006;24: ; Sparano, Paik. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 5

6 Background: Rationale for Adjusting RS Ranges in TAILORx Distant Recurrence at 10 Years Sparano, Paik. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: NSABP B-20: Relationship Between Continuous RS and Distant Recurrence by Treatment Tam Tam + Chemo Recurrence Score Recurrence Score Benefit from chemo RS range adjusted for midrange Preserve prediction in high risk group Minimize potential for undertreatment Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. Joseph A. Sparano, MD 6

7 Background: Rationale for Adjusting RS Ranges in TAILORx Large Chemotherapy Benefit in NSABP B-20 With Recurrence Score >25 Similar to RS 31 Patients 10-year DRFS (%) Recurrence by Addition of Chemotherapy RS No. % Tam Tam+Chemo HR 95% CI P to to to < Sparano, Paik. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:

8 TAILORx Methods: Treatment Assignment & Randomization Accrued Between April 2006 October 2010 Preregister Oncotype DX RS (N=11,232) Register (N=10,273) ARM A: Low RS 0-10 (N=1629 evaluable) ASSIGN Endocrine Therapy (ET) Mid-Range RS (N=6711 evaluable) RANDOMIZE Stratification Factors: Menopausal Status, Planned Chemotherapy, Planned Radiation, and RS 11-15, 16-20, ARM D: High RS (N=1389 evaluable) ASSIGN ET + Chemo ARM B: Experimental Arm (N=3399) ET Alone ARM C: Standard Arm (N=3312) ET + Chemo 8

9 TAILORx Methods: Key Eligibility Criteria Met NCCN Guidelines for Recommending or Considering Adjuvant Chemotherapy Women with invasive breast cancer Age years Node-negative ER and/or PR-positive in local lab (before ASCO-CAP guidelines) HER2-negative in local lab Tumor size cm (or cm and int-high grade) Willing to have chemotherapy treatment assigned or randomized based on RS assay results Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. Joseph A. Sparano, MD 9

10 TAILORx Methods: Endpoints Primary endpoints: RS 11-25: IDFS RS 0-10: DRFI Distant Recurrence Local-Regional Recurrence Contralateral Breast Cancer Other Second Primary Cancer Death Invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) Distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) X X X X X X Relapse-free interval (RFI) X X Overall survival (OS) X Hudis et al. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(15): Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 10

11 TAILORx Methods: Statistical Analysis Plan for RS Non-inferiority design for randomized arms Intention-to-treat for primary analysis, as-treated analysis also planned Hazard ratio margin for IDFS (5 year IDFS rate 90% vs. 87%) Null hypothesis of no difference, type I error rate 10% (1-sided), type II 5% P values shown are stratified log-rank test, and hazard ratios shown are from stratified proportional hazards models Sample size adjusted for non-adherence rate (12%) - Lachin-Foulkes correction Full information IDFS events Exploratory interaction tests for subgroups that may derive chemo benefit (ITT) Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 11

12 TAILORx Results ITT Population: Demographics & Treatment in RS Arms (N=6,711) Patient characteristics Median age 55 years, and 33% were 50 or younger 63% had tumor size 1-2 cm and 57% had intermediate grade histology Clinical risk criteria: 74% low risk, 26% high risk Systemic Treatment Endocrine therapy Comparable adherence and duration in both arms Postmenopausal included AI in 90% Premenopausal included OS in 15% Chemotherapy Most common regimens were TC (56%) and anthracycline-containing (36%) Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 12

13 TAILORx Results: RS Distribution in TAILORx Compared with Concurrent Use in Clinical Practice TAILORx Clinical Practice Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 13

14 TAILORx Patient Characteristics: Intention-to-Treat Population at Baseline Characteristi c All Patients (n=9719) Recurrence Score of 0-10 Endocrine (n=1619) Recurrence Score of Endocrine (n=3399) Chemoendocri ne Therapy (n=3312) Recurrence Score of Chemoendocri ne Therapy (n=1389) Median Age (range) years 56 (25-75) 58 (25-75) 55 (23-75) 55 (25-75) 56 (23-75) Tumor Size cm Median (IQR) 1.5 ( ) 1.5 ( ) 1.5 ( ) 1.5 ( ) 1.7 ( ) Tumor Grade L 2512 (27%) I 5242 (56%) H 1676 (18%) L 34% I 59% H 7% L 29% I 57% H 13% L 29% I 57% H 14% L 7% I 43% H 50% Clinical Risk L 6615 (70%) H 2812 (30%) L 78% H 22% L 74% H 26% L 73% H 27% L 43% H 57% 14 Sparano et al. N Engl J Med 2018; ECOG (data on file)

15 TAILORx Results - ITT Population: RS (Arms B & C) Primary Endpoint Invasive Disease-Free Survival 836 IDFS events after median of 7.5 years CHEMO + ET ET Alone 338 of 836 (40.3%) with recurrence as first event 199 of 836 (23.8%) were distant recurrence Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. Joseph A. Sparano, MD 15

16 TAILORx Results - ITT Population: RS (Arms B & C) Secondary Endpoint Distant Relapse-Free Interval 836 IDFS events after median of 7.5 years CHEMO + ET ET Alone 338 of 836 (40.3%) with recurrence as first event 199 of 836 (23.8%) were distant recurrence Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. Joseph A. Sparano, MD 16

17 TAILORx Results - ITT Population: RS (Arms B & C) Other Secondary Endpoints Relapse-Free Interval Overall Survival CHEMO + ET ET Alone CHEMO + ET ET Alone Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 17

18 TAILORx Results - ITT Population: All Arms (A,B,C & D) 9-Year Event Rates Arm A: ET alone (RS 0-10) 3% Distant recurrence rate IDFS Decreases as RS Increases P<0.001 RS 0-10: Assigned to ET Alone RS 11-25: Randomized to ET Alone RS 11-25: Randomized to CHEMO + ET RS : Assigned to CHEMO + ET Arms B & C: Randomized (RS 11-25) 5% Distant recurrence rate overall Arm D: Chemoendocrine (RS ) 13% Distant recurrence rate despite chemotherapy + endocrine therapy Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 18

19 TAILORx Results - ITT Population: RS (Arms B & C) 9-Year Freedom from Event Rate RS Arm B ET Alone Arm C ET+Chemo IDFS 83.3% 84.3% DRFI 94.5% 95.0% RFI 92.2% 92.9% OS 93.9% 93.8% < 1% difference for all endpoints Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 19

20 TAILORx Results ITT Population: Exploratory Analysis of Chemotherapy Treatment Interactions in RS Arms No statistically significant chemotherapy treatment interactions RS vs vs vs Tumor size ( 2 cm vs. >2 cm) Grade (low vs. int. vs. high) Menopausal status (pre vs. post) Clinical risk category (high vs. low) Statistically significant chemotherapy treatment interactions Age ( 50, 51-65, >65) and chemotherapy benefit IDFS (p=0.003) RFI (p=0.02) Age (or menopause), RS (11-15, 16-20, 21-25), and chemotherapy benefit IDFS - Age-RS (p=0.004) IDFS - Menopause-RS (p=0.02) Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 20

21 TAILORx Results ITT Population: Potential Chemotherapy Benefit in Women 50 Years (N=2,216) in RS Arms 50 Years, RS some chemotherapy benefit RS 16-20: 9% fewer IDFS events, including 2% fewer distant recurrences RS 21-25: 6% fewer IDFS events, mainly consisting of fewer distant recurrences 50 Years, RS good prognosis with endocrine therapy (ET) RS 0-15: 3% distant recurrence with ET alone RS 11-15: No evidence for chemotherapy benefit Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 21

22 TAILORx Results - ITT Population: Freedom From Distant Recurrence at 9 Years According to Assigned Treatment in Women 50 Years (N=3,054) ET ET + CT N=429 N=439 N=362 N=454 N=469 N=246 N=246 N=409 *Number of patients per arm displayed under bar chart segments Sparano et al. N Engl J Med

23 Subset Analysis: Women < 50 yrs and RS Distant events: 17 v 9 Locoregional: 14 v 6 NEJM 2018 Supplemental figures

24 Subset Analysis: Women < 50 yrs and RS NEJM 2018 Supplemental figures

25 TAILORx Results: Association Between Continuous RS and 9-Year Distant Recurrence Rate by Treatment Arms Stratified by Age ( 50 vs >50 Years) 50 years (N=2216) >50 years (N=4495) ET Alone CHEMO + ET ET Alone CHEMO + ET RS modeled with a natural spline with 2 degrees of freedom, adjusted for tumor size and grade Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 25

26 TAILORx Results: Summary Primary conclusions RS 11-25: Endocrine therapy (ET) was non-inferior to chemotherapy + ET (primary endpoint - ITT) RS 0-10: Distant recurrence rates very low (2-3%) with ET alone at 9 years RS : Significantly higher event rates, driven by more recurrences despite adjuvant chemotherapy plus ET Other observations Age RS Chemotherapy treatment interaction: Some chemotherapy benefit in women 50 or younger with a RS Greatest impact on distant recurrence with RS Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 26

27 Implications for Clinical Practice Based on TAILORx Definitive Results for Primary and Secondary Endpoints Recurrence Score 0-25* No CT Benefit CT Benefit *Exploratory analysis indicates women 50 years with RS had ~1.5% benefit in distant recurrence and RS had ~7% benefit in distant recurrence from ET + CT (35% of women 50 years have RS 16-25). 27

28 TAILORx-Defined Cutoff for Definitively Determining Chemotherapy Benefit with Oncotype DX (Node-negative, HR+, HER2-) Subgroup Age >50 years RS 0-10 RS RS RS RS No CT Benefit No CT Benefit No CT Benefit No CT Benefit Large CT Benefit 1 ~15% of patients >50 year old have RS Sparano and Paik, J Clin Oncol 2008; 2 Genomic Health (data on file) RS distributions in tested US N-, HR+, HER2- patients in

29 TAILORx-Defined Cutoff for Definitively Determining Chemotherapy Benefit with Oncotype DX (Node-negative, HR+, HER2-) Subgroup Age 50 years RS 0-10 RS No CT Benefit No CT Benefit RS RS RS ~1.5% CT Benefit 1 ~7% CT Benefit 1 Large CT Benefit 2 ~50% of patients 50 year have RS 0-15, 35% RS 16-25, 15% RS CT benefit for distant recurrence from Sparano 2018 ASCO presentation; 2 Sparano and Paik, J Clin Oncol 2008; 3 Genomic Health (data on file) RS distributions in tested US N-, HR+, HER2- patients in

30 Acknowledgements NCI Sheila Taube, PhD & JoAnne Zujewski, MD U.S.P.S Breast Cancer Research Stamp Breast Cancer Research Foundation Susan G. Komen for the Cure Foundation Advocate Community Mary Lou Smith, JD, MBA ECOG-ACRIN Advocate Research Advocacy Network National Breast Cancer Coalition Collaborating groups NRG, Alliance, SWOG, Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Cancer Trials Ireland, INEN Peru Participating sites physicians, nurses, physician assistants, research coordinators and assistants Genomic Health, Inc. Steve Shak, MD, Rick Baehner, MD Robert L. Comis, MD Joseph A. Sparano, MD Used with permission from Dr. J Sparano and ASCO. 30

31 Practice changing TAILORx Clear data for majority of patients Need to find new approaches for Score > 26 Age < 50: Still a challenge. Individual patient discussions? Related to ovarian suppression from chemotherapy 3

32 PERSEPHONE: 6 versus 12 months of adjuvant trastuzumab in patients with HER2 positive early breast cancer: Randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial with definitive 4-year disease-free survival results Presented By Helena Earl at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

33 PERSEPHONE Trial Presented By Helena Earl at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

34 Patient Characteristics I Presented By Helena Earl at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

35 Disease-free survival Presented By Helena Earl at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

36 Overall survival Presented By Helena Earl at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

37 Conclusions Presented By Helena Earl at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

38 HER2 Positive Adjuvant Unclear impact of new data on standard adjuvant practice Dual HER2 blockade- Neo-adjuvant and high risk Paclitaxel and trastuzumab for low risk Extended HER2 blockade for high risk and hormone positive

39 Slide 1 Presented By Meredith Regan at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

40 SOFT and TEXT Designs Presented By Meredith Regan at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

41 Slide 7 Presented By Meredith Regan at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

42 Slide 14 Presented By Meredith Regan at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

43 Endocrine Therapy Longer follow up confirms benefit of maximal endocrine therapy in higher risk population? Implications for the higher risk cohort indentified in sub-group analysis if TAILORx 4

44 SANDPIPER Presented By Harold Burstein at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

45 SANDPIPER Efficacy Data Presented By Harold Burstein at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

46 PI3K/AKT One of a few abstracts presented in oral session on P{I3K/AKT pathway Evidence of some modest activity Toxicity a concern. Identifying correct population 4

47 Misc Others? Denosumab and breast cancer outcomes Neo-adjuvant hormonal and Ki67 CDK Resistance

48 Questions and Comments

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50 KEYNOTE-407 Study Design (NCT ) Presented By Gregory Riely at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

51 Overall Survival at IA2, ITT Presented By Gregory Riely at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

52 Summary and Conclusions Presented By Gregory Riely at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

53 IMpower150 Study Design Presented By Gregory Riely at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

54 Updated PFS Analysis in the ITT-WT (Arm B vs Arm C) Presented By Gregory Riely at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

55 OS in the ITT-WT (Arm B vs Arm C) Presented By Gregory Riely at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

56 Summary Presented By Gregory Riely at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

57 <br />CheckMate 227 Part 1 Study Design Presented By Hossein Borghaei at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

58 PFS: Nivolumab + Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy in Patients With <1% Tumor PD-L1 Expression Presented By Hossein Borghaei at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

59 PFS: Nivolumab + Chemotherapy and Nivolumab + Ipilimumab in <br />Patients With TMB 10 mut/mb and <1% Tumor PD-L1 Expression Presented By Hossein Borghaei at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

60 Summary: Nivolumab + Ipilimumab and Nivolumab + Chemotherapy in 1L NSCLC With <1% Tumor PD-L1 Expression Presented By Hossein Borghaei at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting

61 Front Line NSCLC Multiple chemotherapy and immunotherapy combinations have been demonstrated to improves PFS and OS Important to test for PDL1 expression and TMB to help identify non chemotherapy related strategies No head to head data 6

62 How do we describe lung cancer in 2018? Presented By Gregory Riely at 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting