Identification of carcinogen-induced mutational signatures in human and canine bladder cancer

Transcription

1 Identification of carcinogen-induced mutational signatures in human and canine bladder cancer Multiple great people to be introduced later in talk Consortium for Canine Thomas Executive Conference Center, JB Duke Hotel February 17, 2017

2 Agenda for this presentation 1. Background Our team Our idea 2. Aims (3) 3. Status

3 Our idea started with two sites

4 and two species that share a common disease. Bladder cancer

5 The questions were simple: What is causing bladder cancer in non-smokers and dogs? Can we prove it?

6 The idea was intuitive: Sequence bladder cancer genomes Look for common mutation signatures

7 We had many resources Patients Experience sequencing bladder cancer

8 We quickly realized our team could be better Bioinformatics Mutation signatures Environmental toxins Bladder cancer causing agents

9 Brant Inman Steve Brousell Tom Longo Steve Rozen Matthew Breen Catherine Wise Shelly Vaden Claire Wiley Michael Nolan David Malarkey Greg Krane Dmitry Gordenin

10 Why study bladder cancer?

11 12 th most common in women Siegel et al. Ca Cancer J 2015

12 Incidence: stable in human, possibly rising in dogs Dogs? Humans Knapp D et al. ILAR Journal 2014 Antoni et al. Eur Urol 2017

13 Bladder cancer incidence is industrialization dependent Antoni et al. Eur Urol 2017

14 Why consider the domestic dog?

15 Genomic Recoding of Urothelial Carcinomas - people really are like their dogs

16

17 Comparative oncology bladder cancer Incidence Similarities 2-4% of cancers older age yrs man, 8-9 yrs dog Hematuria = main symptom Metastatic sites Molecular biology Scottish Terrier Beagle 18x 3-5x Gender bias (M:F) Differences Human = 3:1, Dog = 1:2 diagnosis Human: 70% non-invasive Dog: 95% invasive Latency period from exposure West Highland White Terrier Shetland Sheepdog 3-5x 3-5x Jack Russell/Parson Terrier 20x American Eskimo Dog >15x

18 Project aims 1. Characterize the mutational signature of TCAB-induced urothelial carcinoma in mice (in-vivo) and human cell lines. 2. Characterize the mutational signature of known canine and human bladder carcinogens. 3. Assess human and canine bladder cancer genomes for evidence of carcinogen signatures.

19 Mutation signatures Mutation patterns are highly variable Distinct patterns = signatures Signatures include: Base substitutions and flanking sequences Insertions & deletions Translocations Signatures can cluster Within histologic cancer types Between cancers that share similar etiologies

20 Poon et al. Genome Med 2014 Bladder cancer is highly mutated Alexandrov et al. Nature 2013

21 Aim 1: TCAB in animal model and cell lines 3,3,4,4 -tetrachloroazobenzene Contaminant present in herbicides Causes urothelial cancers in mice (otherwise rare tumor) P53 and k-ras mutations Urethral Tumor, Male Urethral Tumor, Female Bhusari et al. Toxicol Path 2014; Singh et al. Toxicol Path 2010 Images courtesy of Dave Malarkey

22 Rossi et a. Env Health Perspect 2001; Aim 2: Other bladder carcinogens in vitro Urothelial cells Carcinogen Metabolic factors Mutated Urothelial cells Sequencing & Soft agar

23 Aim 2: Other bladder carcinogens in vitro Urothelial cells Carcinogen Metabolic factors 1. UROtsa * 2. Human urothelial cells Mutated Urothelial cells Rossi et al. Env Health Perspect 2001

24 Carcinogen class Encountered Examples Polyaromatic hydrocarbons Aromatic amines N-nitrosamines Coal tar Combustion (exhaust, smoke, BBQ) Chimney sweeps Dyes Rubber Tobacco smoke Dietary (cured meat, preserves) Chlorination byproduct Tobacco smoke Anthracene Benzo[a]pyrene 2-Naphylamine 4-Aminobiphenyl (ABP) Aniline N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) Organic heterocyclic Herbicides 3,3,4,4-Tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) Imidazole Herbicides Imazethapyr Metals Red = complete Water contamination Lumber Coal power plants Batteries Fertilizers Green = underway Arsenic Cadmium

25 Chinese herb nephropathy Belgium Kidney failure Urothelial cancers Weight loss pills Balkan nephropathy Danube river basin Kidney failure Urothelial cancers Aristolochia fangchi Aristolochia clematis

26 Aristolochic acid causes urothelial cancer Poon et al. Genome Med 2015; Poon et al. Sci Transl Med 2013

27 Longo et al. Eur Urol 2016; TCGA Nature 2014 Aim 3: Sequencing dogs & humans Human bladder cancer sequencing Duke patients (n=50 complete, n>1000 possible) TCGA (n = 131) Other sources (many more) Dog bladder cancer sequencing NC State patients (n >50) Other sources (nationwide archive) Data for exposures (tobacco, pesticide, water)

28 Aim 3: Sequencing dogs & humans - robust case selection and cell enrichment Longo et al. Eur Urol 2016; TCGA Nature 2014

29 Remaining Tasks: Completion of UROtsa transformations -2 of 6 complete Sequencing of parent and daughter cell lines Bioinformatic search for signatures Mapping of signatures to tumor genomes

30 Questions?