Supporting Information. Prolonged exposure to bisphenol A from single dermal contact events

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1 Supporting Information Prolonged exposure to bisphenol A from single dermal contact events Jiaying Liu, Jonathan W. Martin Table of Contents Table S1. Table S2. Figure S1. Figure S2. Figure S3. Figure S4. Figure S5. Materials and Methods Mass transition, limit of detection (LOD) and recoveries of target analytes. Mass of BPA-d 16 (μg) recovered on hand wipes before and after dermal exposure for the 6 male participants. P1-I and P1-II are the results of first and second dermal exposure on one participant. Excreted total BPA-d 16 in urine samples (µg) collected within 41 hrs following a single dietary exposure (blue) and single dermal contact event (red). Nondetects are colour coded in black. As P5 did not join the dietary exposure study, we only plot his results of dermal exposure. P6 joined both dermal and dietary exposure studies, but BPA-d 16 was not detectable in any urine sample from him after dermal exposure and his recorded urine volume was questionable for calculating the excreted total BPA-d 16. Thus, we only plot his urinary total BPAd 16 (µg/g creatinine) after dietary exposure. Urinary total BPA-d 16 (ng/ml) for one participant over 9 days after handling a simulated receipt paper (25 mg BPA-d 16 /g paper). All urine events were collected in the first 5 days (116 hr) and first morning urine samples were then collected to day 9. First morning urine events are indicated by arrows and time of collection. The geometric mean (GM) and 95 th percentile of urinary BPA from Canadian national survey 5 are also plotted in the figure. Cumulative excreted percent of total BPA-d 16 dose orally administrated to each participant (n=4). Urinary total and free BPA-d 16 within 9 days after dermal exposure. HPLC-Orbitrap extracted ion chromatograms of blank serum, showing no traces of BPA-d 16 (A), 0.50 ng/ml 13 C 12 -BPA internal standard (for quantification) spiked into blank serum (B), and post-dermal exposure samples showing ng/ml free BPA-d 16 (C) and ng/ml total BPA-d 16 (D) detected in a serum sample from P1, at 51 hrs post-dermal-exposure. 1

2 Materials and Methods Chemicals and reagents. BPA-d 16 (98%), bisphenol A mono-β-d-glucuronide (BPA-glucuronide; 95%), and β-glucuronidase enzyme from Helix pomatia ( 100,000 units/ml β-glucuronidase; 7500 units/ml sulfatase) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Bisphenol-A-(diphenyl- 13 C 12 ) ( 13 C 12 -BPA, 99%) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA). Alcohol (56% ethanol, Chinese white spirit, Beijing, China) was purchase from a local liquor store in Edmonton, Canada. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water and methanol were acquired from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). HPLC grade ammonium acetate and analytical grade formic acid (98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Denatured (95%) ethyl alcohol and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH, 25% in water) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). Preparation of cookies and of simulated receipts. To avoid major interference from background environmental BPA exposure, and to allow us to conduct this study at low doses, BPA-d 16 was used in the exposures. For dietary exposures, solid BPA-d 16 standard was dissolved in Chinese white spirit to prepare a 1 mg/ml stock solution, and 20 μl of this (20 μg BPA-d 16 ) was spiked onto single cookies. For dermal exposure, solid BPA-d 16 standard was dissolved in 95% denatured ethyl alcohol to make a 20 mg/ml stock solution, and 1mL of this (20 mg BPA-d 16 ) was manually spread dropwise on 6 10 cm soft notebook papers to achieve the approximate concentration of 25 mg BPA-d 16 /g paper. The dosage on the prepared paper (25 mg/g paper) was comparable with the maximum BPA concentrations on thermal receipts in the Unites States (max: 36 mg/g), Switzerland (max: 17 mg/g), France (max: 18 mg/g) and China (max: 15 mg/g) 1 4. The spiked cookies and simulated receipt papers were left to air dry overnight prior to the exposures. 2

3 Table S1. Mass transition, limit of detection (LOD) and recoveries of target analytes. urine serum Mass LOD Recovery Recovery LOD Recovery Recovery Compounds transition (ng/ml) (0.1ng/mL) (2ng/mL) (ng/ml) (0.5ng/mL) (1ng/mL) BPA-d > % 104% % 88% 13 C 12 -BPA 239>

4 Table S2. Mass of BPA-d 16 (μg) recovered on hand wipes before and after dermal exposure for the 6 male participants. P1-I and P1-II are the results of first and second dermal exposure on one participant. Participant ID Before dermal exposure (μg) After dermal exposure (μg) P1-I ND a 0.87 P1-II ND a 3.0 P2 ND a 0.34 P3 ND a 0.17 P4 ND a 0.17 P5 ND a 0.07 P6 ND a 0.02 a Not detectable 4

5 Figure S1. Excreted total BPA-d 16 in urine samples (µg) collected within 41 hrs following a single dietary exposure (blue) and single dermal contact event (red). Non-detects are colour coded in black. As P5 did not join the dietary exposure study, we only plot his results of dermal exposure. P6 joined both dermal and dietary exposure studies, but BPA-d 16 was not detectable in any urine sample from him after dermal exposure and his recorded urine volume was questionable for calculating the excreted total BPA-d 16. Thus, we only plot his urinary total BPA-d 16 (µg/g creatinine) after dietary exposure. 5

6 Figure S2. Urinary total BPA-d 16 (ng/ml) for one participant over 9 days after handling a simulated receipt paper (25 mg BPA-d 16 /g paper). All urine events were collected in the first 5 days (116 hr) and first morning urine samples were then collected to day 9. First morning urine events are indicated by arrows and time of collection. The geometric mean (GM) and 95 th percentile of urinary BPA from Canadian national survey 5 are also plotted in the figure. 6

7 Figure S3. Cumulative excreted percent of total BPA-d 16 dose orally administrated to each participant (n=4). 7

8 Figure S4. Urinary total and free BPA-d 16 within 9 days after dermal exposure. 8

9 Figure S5. HPLC-Orbitrap extracted ion chromatograms of blank serum, showing no traces of BPA-d 16 (A), 0.50 ng/ml 13 C 12 -BPA internal standard (for quantification) spiked into blank serum (B), and post-dermal exposure samples showing ng/ml free BPA-d 16 (C) and ng/ml total BPA-d 16 (D) detected in a serum sample from P1, at 51 hrs post-dermal-exposure. 9

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