Diagnosis and (early) prediction of acidosis and ketosis using milk fatty acids as biomarkers

Transcription

1 Diagnosis and (early) prediction of acidosis and ketosis using milk fatty acids as biomarkers Veerle Fievez Ghent University Overview Fatty acids Origin of milk fatty acids Milk fatty acids as biomarkers Negative energy balance & ketosis Acidosis Potential and constraints for practice 1

2 Fatty acids a b g Essential fatty acids Overview Fatty acids Origin of milk fatty acids Milk fatty acids as biomarkers Negative energy balance & ketosis Acidosis Potential and constraints for practice 2

3 Milk fat composition Milk fatty acids 3

4 Overview Fatty acids Origin of milk fatty acids Milk fatty acids as biomarkers Negative energy balance & ketosis Acidosis Potential and constraints for practice Overview Fatty acids Origin of milk fatty acids Milk fatty acids as biomarkers Negative energy balance & ketosis - Metabolism of mobilized fat - Composition of mobilized fat - Potential as biomarker Acidosis Potential and constraints for practice 4

5 Metabolism of mobilised fat Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality Hostens et al J Dairy Sci 95, Composition of mobilised fat Subcutaneous Visceral 5

6 risk -Metritis -(Sub)clinical ketosis -Displaced abomasum -Retained placenta Potential as biomarker of NEB why? Economic losses -Increased culling -Reduced fertility -Less milk Metabolism of mobilised fat 6

7 Proportion of cows with detrimental or non-detrimental blood NEFA Proportion of cows with detrimental or non-detrimental blood NEFA Jorjong et al J Dairy Sci 97, FP = 6.5% (Sp = 93.5%) C18:1cis-9: potential biomarker of NEB Blue colour = ill cow Green colour = healthy cow Milk fat C18:1 cis-9 g/100g milk fatty acids β1= 23.5 β2 1+exp(- β0*(x- β1)) Jorjong et al J Dairy Sci 97, C18:1cis-9: potential early biomarker of NEB Milk fat C18:1 cis-9 (g/100 g milk fatty acids) Blue colour = ill cow Green colour = healthy cow FP = 11.4% (Sp = 88.6%) β1= 24 7

8 Validation C18:1cis-9: biomarker of NEB Accuracy of the prediction Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp) Diagnosis High plasma NEFA?? biomarker MF C18:1 c-9 of 23 Jorjong et al. In preparation. Validation C18:1cis-9: biomarker of NEB MF C18:1 c-9 NEFA 0,6 NEFA<0,6 24 <24 8

9 Jorjong et al. In preparation. Validation C18:1cis-9: biomarker of NEB Se = TP/(TP+FN) Sp = TN/(TN+FP) MF C18:1 c-9 NEFA 0,6 NEFA<0,6 24 TP FP <24 FN TN Validation C18:1cis-9: biomarker of NEB Se = TP/(TP+FN) Sp = TN/(TN+FP) MF C18:1cis-9 < or Experiment 1 (d14) Experiment 2 (d14) Experiment 3 (d10) (d3)

10 Metabolism of mobilised fat Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality Biomarker of propionate supply linear odd-chain (C15:0, C17:0) iso branched-chain (even & odd) anteiso branched-chain (odd) 10

11 Fievez et al Anim Feed Sci Technol 172, 51. Bacterial OBCFA & rumen end products A, P/S, L Cellulolytic Amylolytic Sugar Pectin Laboratory for Animal Nutrition Veerle.Fievez@UGent.be and Animal Product Quality Veerle.Fievez@UGent.be veerle.fievez@ugent.be 21 Jorjong et al. J Dairy Sci, revised version submitted FP = 17% (Sp = 83%) C18:1cis-9/C15:0: potential biomarker SCK FN = 20% (Se= 80%) Laboratory for Animal Nutrition Veerle.Fievez@UGent.be and Animal Product Quality Veerle.Fievez@UGent.be veerle.fievez@ugent.be 22 11

12 Towsend et al Biomarker SCK available cow-side tests Product KetoCheck Powder (milk or urine) Detection level of BHBA Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) Trace KetoStix (urine) Small KetoTest (milk) 0.2 mmol/l PortaBHB (milk) 0.2 mmol/l Precision Xtra (blood) 1.4 mmol/l Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality Overview Fatty acids Origin of milk fatty acids Milk fatty acids as biomarkers Negative energy balance & ketosis Acidosis Potential and constraints for practice 12

13 Overview Fatty acids Origin of milk fatty acids Milk fatty acids as biomarkers Negative energy balance & ketosis Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) - Rumen metabolism of fatty acids - Fatty acids associated with low rumen ph - Potential as biomarker Potential and constraints for practice Overview rumen metabolism 1 13

14 Fievez et al Anim Feed Sci Technol 172, 51. Bacterial OBCFA & rumen end products A, P/S, L Cellulolytic Amylolytic Sugar Pectin Laboratory for Animal Nutrition Veerle.Fievez@UGent.be and Animal Product Quality Veerle.Fievez@UGent.be veerle.fievez@ugent.be 27 Overview rumen metabolism

15 Lipolysis Lipolysis = prerequisite for BH = detoxification process Glasser et al Animal 2, 691. Chilliard et al OCL 17, 22. Biohydrogenation Rumen BH: C18:2n-6 : 87 ± 7 % C18:3n-3 : 86 ± 7 % C20:5n-3 : > 90 % C22:6n-3: > 90 % C18:0 C18:1 t11 C18:2 t11c15 C18:3 c9t11c15 C18:3 c9c12c15 15

16 Chilliard et al Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109, 828. Rumen biohydrogenation FAST SLOW Chilliard et al Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109, 828. Rumen biohydrogenation: low ph Secundary pathway Partial inhibition trans 18:1 reductase 16

17 Colman et al. Comp Electron Agric, in press. Biomarker of SARA acidosis classification models based on ph-criterion OBCFA & specific trans-fa (ph < 5.6 for at least 3h/d; ph < 5.6 for at least 4.5h/d; ph < 5.8 for at least 8h/d) iso C14:0 iso C15:0 iso C16:0 iso C17:0 anteiso C13:0 anteiso C15:0 anteiso C17:0 C15:0 C17:0 C18:1trans-10 C18:2cis-9,trans-11 C18:1trans-11 FA in same column do not appear simultaneously in model FA presented in white positively related to acidosis risk FA presented in yellow negatively related to acidosis risk Colman et al. Comp Electron Agric, in press Validation milk FA biomarker of SARA 17

18 Overview Fatty acids Origin of milk fatty acids Milk fatty acids as biomarkers Negative energy balance & ketosis Acidosis Potential and constraints for practice Monitoring & feedback Prerequisites for transfer to practice Routine analysis Improvement models (Se & Sp) 18

19 Stefanov, PhD dissertation UGent. R cv Routine analysis: raw milk NEB Hyperketonemia SARA Stefanov et al J Agric Food Chem, 61, R cv Routine analysis: milk fat trans NEB Hyperketonemia (SARA) 19

20 Stefanov et al J Agric Food Chem, 58, Routine analysis: milk fat OBCFA NEB Hyperketonemia SARA R cv Incidence prevalence Treatment cost Disease cost Model performance (Se & Sp) Monitoring: economics - NEB Cheap to treat Disease is not associated with major loss 20

21 De Ridder, MSc dissertation UGent Euro/case Monitoring: economics Conclusion Milk fatty acids - biomarkers of metabolic disorders 1/ NEB! 2/ Hyperketonemia: C15:0 = challenge 3/ SARA: routine analysis = challenge (OBCFA) 4/ Economics: semi-routine & specific risk Veerle.Fievez@UGent.be 21