Analysis of mineral oil and synthetic
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1 Analysis of mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbons by HPLC-GC and GCxGC Sebastian Säger Laboratory Lommatzsch & Säger GmbH October 4 th 2018 saeger@mosh-moah.de
2 Company presentation Services: Consulting for Food Contact Materials Internal Trainings MOSH/MOAH Routine analysis MOSH/MOAH Analysis of synthetic hydrocarbons Screenings (NIAS; barrier tests;...) Method development Partner: Lab located in Cologne, Germany 2
3 Mineral oil hydrocarbons 3
4 Mineral oil hydrocarbons MOSH: Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons MOAH: Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons Accumulation in human tissue (1-10 g per person) Partially genotoxic Sources: Printing inks and recycled cardboard (recycled newspaper; printing on boxes) Migration into food via gas phase (5 50 mg/kg) Solutions: Functional barriers or virgin board 4
5 Sources of contamination Referenz: hoerzu.de Referenz: Chocolat Frey Referenz: Chocolat Frey Referenz: Fotalia 5
6 Analytical approach Routine HPLC-GC-FID according to Grob & Biedermann (2012) waste FID vapor exit carrier gas Y-piece tv UV detector bfv LC column iv auto sampler separation column uncoated pre-column LC pump iv: injection valve bfv: backflush valve tv: transfer valve 6
7 HPLC-GC-FID HPLC fractionation Backflush Saturates 100% C6 Aromatics 30% DCM 100% DCM HPLC (NP) GC-FID 7
8 HPLC-GC-FID HPLC fractionation Backflush Saturates 100% C6 MOSH Aromatics 30% DCM 100% DCM 1 st Fraction (aliphatic hydrocarbons MOSH fraction) HPLC (NP) GC-FID 8
9 HPLC-GC-FID HPLC fractionation Backflush Saturates 100% C6 MOSH Aromatics 30% DCM MOAH 100% DCM 2 nd Fraction (aromatic hydrocarbons MOAH fraction) HPLC (NP) GC-FID 9
10 HPLC-GC-FID HPLC fractionation Backflush Saturates 100% C6 MOSH Aromatics 30% DCM MOAH 100% DCM HPLC (NP) GC-FID 10
11 HPLC-GC-FID HPLC fractionation Backflush Saturates 100% C6 MOSH Aromatics 30% DCM MOAH 100% DCM Grob & Biedermann (2012) HPLC (NP) GC-FID 11
12 HPLC-GC-FID 12
13 Mineral oil: HPLC-GC-FID Recycled cardboard: MOSH fraction (Saturates) MOAH fraction (Aromatics) Biedermann & Grob (2012) Biedermann & Grob (2012) Human tissue: Relevant molecular range: n-c16 n-c35 (n-c40) Concin et al. (2008) 13
14 Conclusion: HPLC-GC-FID simple and robust hardware configuration fully automated on-line solution ideal for routine measurement good repeatability and reproducibility BUT: Method only differentiates in saturated and unsaturated/aromatic hydrocarbons more resolution for group-type identification needed Synthetic hydrocarbons: Plastics (PE, PP, PS) Adhesives + resins Thermoplastic elastomers Synth. waxes Natural hydrocarbons: Terpenes Natural waxes Secondary plant substances 14
15 GCxGC-FID/MS pulsed trap and release Different phase materials to vary separation mechanism Separation by volatility Separation by polarity 15
16 GCxGC-FID/MS pulsed trap and release 16
17 GCxGC-FID/MS pulsed trap and release 17
18 GCxGC-FID/MS pulsed trap and release 18
19 GCxGC-FID/MS pulsed trap and release 19
20 GCxGC-FID/MS pulsed trap and release 20
21 GCxGC-FID/MS pulsed trap and release 21
22 GCxGC-FID/MS pulsed trap and release 22
23 2 nd Dimension: Polarity GCxGC-FID/MS: MOH Example: GCxGC-ToF; mineral oil standard + PAHs C16 C20 C24 C30 C35 C13 C11 cycy Cho st Dimension: Volatility (+Polarity) 23
24 GCxGC-FID/MS: MOH Example: GCxGC-ToF; mineral oil standard + PAHs C16 C20 C24 C30 C35 C13 C11 MOSH region cycy Steranes Cho MOAH region 24
25 Differentiation of mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbons Adhesives Food Inner bag Inks Cardboard Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) 25
26 GCxGC-MS (TIC): MOSH MOSH fraction of mineral oil mix C12 C16 C20 C24 C30 C35 n-alkanes 0-line Steranes Hopanes 26
27 GCxGC-MS(TIC): Polyethylene Saturated hydrocarbon fraction of LDPE Differentiation approach via even-numbered alkanes and monounsaturated oligomers C12 C16 C20 C24 C30 C35 n-alkanes 0-line 27
28 GCxGC-MS(TIC): Polyethylene Saturated hydrocarbon fraction of LLDPE Differentiation approach via even-numbered alkanes and monounsaturated oligomers C12 C16 C20 C24 C30 C35 n-alkanes 0-line 28
29 GCxGC-MS(TIC): Polypropylene Saturated hydrocarbon fraction of PP Differentiation approach via elution patterns ( shift) C12 C16 C20 C24 C30 C35 n-alkanes 0-line 29
30 Resin: saturated hydrocarbons C9-resin DCPD-resin natural gum rosin Oligomers of C9- and DCPD-resins can be visualized using fragments m/z 121 and 135 attention: possible coelution of steranes & hopanes for C9-resin Terpene >C15: Fragments m/z 204 and 206 (attention: coelution with MOSH) 30
31 GCxGC-MS(TIC): MOAH Aromatic hydrocarbon fraction of mineral oil mix C12 C16 C20 C24 C30 C
32 GCxGC-MS(SIC: 91 m/z): MOAH Aromatic hydrocarbon fraction of mineral oil mix: SIC: m/z 91 C12 C16 C20 C24 C30 C
33 Resin: aromatic hydrocarbons C9-resin (SIC: m/z 91) DCPD/C9-resin (SIC: m/z 91) natural gum rosin (TIC) Differentiation approach: SIC 91 m/z and elution areas ( shift) Differentiation approach: cluster formation and elution pattern 33
34 Summary: MOSH fraction Routine LC-GC GCxGC MOH + PP oligomers MOH CPD trimers CPD tetramers CPD pentamer 34
35 THANK YOU Thanks for your attention! 35
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