Vol. 43, No. 6. Simple Analysis of Maleic Hydrazide in Agricultural Products by HPLC

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1 356 Vol. 43, No. 6 HPLC , Simple Analysis of Maleic Hydrazide in Agricultural Products by HPLC Maki KD76N6H=>,Toshihiro N6<6N6B6, Ichiro T6@6CD, Yasuhiro T6BJG6, Yukinari T6I:>H=>, Sanae TDB>O6L6, Naoko K>BJG6, Kyoko K>I6N6B6 and Kazuo S6>ID (The Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health: , Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan; Corresponding author) Asimplified HPLC determination method for maleic hydrazide in agricultural products was developed, and commercial agricultural crops were investigated. The homogenate of agricultural products was extracted with water. The crude extract was purified on an ACCUCAT Bond Elut extraction cartridge using water. Maleic hydrazide was analyzed by HPLC with UV detection (303 nm). The HPLC separation was performed on a ZORBAX SB-Aq column with acetonitrile water phosphoric acid (5 : 95 : 0.01) as the mobile phase. Recoveries of maleic hydrazide from 15 agricultural products fortified at 1.0 and 10 mg/g were in the ranges of and , respectively. The limit of detection was 0.5 mg/ g in samples. The proposed method was applied to the determination of 242 commercial vegetables and fruits. Maleic hydrazide was detected in 2 samples of imported onion at the levels of 4.9 and 7.2 mg/g. (Received June 4, 2002) Key words: maleic hydrazide; agricultural product; HPLC; herbicide; UV detector; / LC/MS (maleic hydrazide, 6-hydroxy- 1(2H)-pyridazin-3-one) Fig. 1 1) ppm 2) p- 2) GC 3) 5) HPLC 6) 8) (CE) 9), 10) GC HPLC CE CE 10 11) Molecular weight: Fig. 1. Structure of maleic hydrazide

2 December 2002 HPLC 357 Sample 10 g (vegetables, fruits) water 20 ml Sample 10 g (nuts, seeds) water 20 ml stand for 1 hour homogenize adjust to 50 ml with water centrifuge at 3,000 rpm for 10 min upper layer 2mLaliquot Bond Elut ACCUCAT flow rate 1 ml/min elute with water 2 ml flow rate 1 ml/min adjust to 4 ml with water Test solution for HPLC Schem 1. Analytical procedure for maleic hydrazide in agricultural products Fig. 3. HPLC chromatogram of maleic hydrazide standard (20 ng) LC conditions: column, ZORBAX SB-Aq (4.6 mm i.d. 250 mm); column temperature, 40 ; mobile phase, acetonitrile water phosphoric acid (5 : 95 : 0.01); detection wavelength, 303 nm Fig. 2. UV spectrum of maleic hydrazide in the mobile phase (UV) HPLC ) 2) 50.0 mg 50 ml 1,000 mg/ml 2.5 ml 50 ml 50 mg/ml 3) Milli-Q 18 MWcm 4) Bond Elut ACCUCAT: BOND ELUT EXTRACTION CARTRIDGE ACCUCAT 3 ml/ 200 mg 5) 3. 1) LC-10 AT SPD-10A UV 2) / Micromass Quattro LC System 3) GL-SPE 4. 1) 10 g 20 ml 10 g 20 ml 1 20 ml (10,000 rpm) 3 50 ml 3,000 rpm 10 2mL 10 ml Bond Elut ACCUCAT 2mL 4mL Scheme 1

3 358 Vol. 43, No. 6 Fig. 4. Typical HPLC chromatograms of sample extracts (a): unspiked sample; (b): spiked with maleic hydrazide (10 mg/g) 2) HPLC ZORBAX SB-Aq 4.6 mm i.d. 250 mm, 5 mm, Agilent 40 (5 : 95 : 0.01) 0.8 ml/min 303 nm 20 ml 3) LC/MS ZORBAX SB-Aq 4.6 mm i.d. 250 mm, 5 mm, Agilent 40 (5 : 95 : 0.01) 0.8 ml/min 20 ml ESI (negative) 40 V scan m/z HPLC UV Fig nm 303 nm ODS ODS

4 December 2002 HPLC 359 Fig. 5. Mass spectra of maleic hydrazide by LC/MS (a): Maleic hydrazide standard (1.0 mg/ml) (b): Extract solution of onion spiked with maleic hydrazide (10 mg/g) LC/MS conditions: column, ZORBAX SB-Aq (4.6 mm i.d. 250 mm); column temperature, 40 ; mobile phase, acetonitrile water formic acid (5 : 95 : 0.01); ionization mode ESI ( ) ph ZORBAX SB-Aq (5 : 95 : 0.01), 0.8 ml/min 6 ph (Fig. 3) g 10 mg 100 mg mg/g 50 ml 50 ml 3,000 rpm ml 3. Sep-Pak Florisil 960 mg Silica (690 mg), ACCELL CM, ACCELL QMA, NH 2,CN,C 18 Diol 340 mg Bond Elut PSA, DEA, SAX, CBA, PRS, SCX, PH, CH 500 mg/3 ml ENV, PPL, LMS, ACCUCAT 200 mg/ 3mL Envir Elut TM Pesticides (500 mg/6 ml) Bond Elut JR ALA, ALB ALN 500 mg OASYS TM MCX (60 mg) Supel-clean TM ENVI TM -Carb (250 mg/3 ml) LC-WCX (500 mg/ 3 ml) 10 mg/ml 1mL 1mL 1mL/min 27 SAX SAX 1 5 ml SAX 2mL

5 360 Vol. 43, No. 6 Fig. 6. Chromatograms of maleic hydrazide by LC/MS (a): Maleic hydrazide standard (1.0 mg/ml) (b): Extract solution of onion spiked with maleic hydrazide (10 mg/g) LC/MS conditions: column, ZORBAX SB-Aq (4.6 mm i.d. 250 mm); column temperature, 40 ; mobile phase, acetonitrile water formic acid (5 : 95 : 0.01); ionization mode ESI ( ) C 8) 10) 18 SCX 7) HPLC 27 ACCUCAT Bond Elut ACCUCAT 2mL 2mL 10 mg/g 1.0 mg/ml HPLC Fig LC/MS HPLC 1.0 mg/g 10 mg/g 1.0 mg/ml ESI m/z (Fig. 5) Fig g mg/ml 1.0 ml mg/g 30 3 Table mg/g mg/g (S/N 3) HPLC

6 December 2002 HPLC 361 Table 1. Recovery of Maleic Hydrazide Added to Agricultural Products Sample Potato Onion Garlic Carrot Cucumber Tomato Spinach Shiitake mushroom String pea Grapefruit Apple Strawberry Sweet potato Avocado Almond Spiked at level of 1.0 mg/g Recovery ( ) Spiked at level of 10 mg/g Average standard deviation of 3 determinations Table 2. Sample Domestic Vegetables and fruits Imported Vegetables and fruits Not detected Residues of Maleic Hydrazide in Crops No. of samples No. positive Crops Residue (mg/g) Onion 4.9, mg/g 20 ppm (Table 2) 3.1 mg/g 12) mg/g 12) 14) Bond Elut ACCUCAT UV HPLC mg/g mg/g mg/g ) Uesugi, Y., Ueji, M., Koshioka, M., eds., Saishin Nouyaku Deta Bukku (Pesticide data book 3 rd Ed.) Tokyo, Sofutosaiensusya, 1997, p (ISBN ) 2) 239 (1992) ) Haeberer, A. F., Chortyk, O. T., Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of maleic hydrazide in tobacco and tobacco smoke. J. Assoc. O#. Anal. Chem., 62, (1979). 4) Renaund, J. M., Keller, I., Vuillaume, G., Determination of maleic hydrazide residues in cured tobacco by gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 604, (1992). 5) Terashi, A., Yamaguchi, S., Yamamoto, S., Eto, S., Determination of maleic hydrazide in agricultural products by GC. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (J. Food. Hyg. Soc. Japan), 37, (1996). 6) Yang, S. S., Determination of maleic hydrazide in tobacco by micellar liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 595, (1992). 7) Vadukul, N. K., Determination of maleic hydrazide in onion and potatoes using solid-phase extraction and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst, 116, 1,369 1,371 (1991). 8) Lewis, J. D., Barnes, A. K., Wilkinson, K., Thorpe, A. S., Reynolds, L. S., Stratin, R. J., Extraction of maleic hydrazide residues from potato crisp and their determination using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV and atomospheric pressure chemical ionisation massspectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 750, (1996). 9) Cho, R., Rapid analysis of maleic hydrazide in vegetables and fruits using capillary electrophoresis. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (J. Food. Hyg. Soc. Japan), 41, (2000). 10) Kubilius, T. D., Bushway, J. R., Determination of maleic hydrazide in potatoes and onion by capillary electrophoresis. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 4,224 4,227 (1998). 11) Joint FAO/WHO, Pesticide residues in food 1998, EVA- LUATIONS 1998 PART I RESIDUES VOL. 2, 152/2, p (ISBN ) 12) 1996, p ) 1997, p ) 1998, p. 205.