Smart Materials for Drug

Transcription

1 Smart Materials for Drug Delivery Volume 1 Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain carmen.alvarez.lorenzo@usc.es Angel Concheiro University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain angel.concheiro@usc.es RSC Publishing

2 Contents Volume 1 Chapter 1 Ftom Drug Dosag e Forms to Intelligent Drug-delivery Systems: a Chang e of Paradigm 1 C. Ah'arez-Loren? 0 and A. Concheifo 1 1 Evolution of Drug Dosage Forms Advanced Excipients Stimuli-responsive Components Phase Transitions Memorization of the Conformation. Molecular Imprinting and Recognition Intelligent Drug-delivery Systems ph-and/or Ion-responsive DDSs Enzyme-responsive DDSS Biochertiical-responsive DDSs Glutathione-responsive DDSS Temperature-responsive DDSs Ultrasound-responsive DDSs Light-responsive DDSs Magnetic-responsive DDSs Electric Field-responsive DDSs Conclusions a nd Future Aspects 25 Acknowledgements 26 References 26 RSC Smart Vj^te rials No. 2 Smart Matefj a s for prug Delivery : Volume 1 Edited by C^rrjien Alvarez-Lorenzo and Angel Concheiro The Roy;u oci ety of Chemistry 2013 Published by t^e Hoya 1 Society of chemistry,

3 xii Chapter 2 Contents Materials Science and Engineering of the Low Temperature Sensitive Liposome (LTSL): Composition-Structure-Property Relationships That Underlie its Design and Performance 33 David Needham and Mark W. Dewhirst 2.1 Introduction Lipids as "Smart Materials" Micelles, Bilayers and Inverted Micelles Reverse Engineering the LTSL Define the Function LTSL Component Design Materials Choice and CSP Relationships Composition-Structure-Properties of Each Component Production Performance-in-Service Performance-in-Service: in vitro Performance-in-Service: in vivo (Preclinical) Performance-in-Service: in vivo (Canine and Human Clinical Trials) Future Prospects New ThermoDox Trials and Preclinical Studies Other Drugs Other New Thermal-sensitive Formulations (Lipids and Polymers) Concluding Remarks The Drug-delivery Problem A New Paradigm for Local Drug Delivery: Drug Release in the Bloodstream New Horizons 73 Acknowledgements 74 References 74 Chapter 3 ph-sensitive Liposomes in Drug Delivery 80 Shivani Rai Paliwal, Rishi Paliwal and Suresh P Vyas 3.1 Introduction ph-sensitive Liposomes as Smart Drug Carriers Uptake and Intra-cellular Delivery of Therapeutic Agents from ph-sensitive Liposomes Therapeutic Applications of ph-sensitive Liposomes Cancer Chemotherapy Gene Delivery g Tumor Diagnosis 90

4 Contents 3.5 Conclusion 90 References 91 xiii Chapter 4 Smart Dendrimers 94 Chie Kojima 4.1 Introduction Temperature-responsive Dendrimers Dendrimers Containing Thermo-sensitive Polymers Dendrimers Containing Thermo-sensitive Moieties Collagen-mimic Dendrimers Photoresponsive Dendrimers Dendrimers for Photochemical Internalization Dendrimers with Photodegradable Moieties ph-responsive Dendrimers Dendrimers Containing ph-responsive Moieties Dendrimer Assembly with ph-sensing Moieties Drug-dendrimer Conjugates with ph-responsive Linkages Redox-responsive Dendritic Polymers Enzyme-responsive Dendritic Polymers Theragnostic Dendrimers Conclusion 109 Acknowledgements 109 References 109 Chapter 5 Temperature- and ph-sensitive Polymerie Micelles for Drug Encapsulation, Release and Targeting 115 Alejandro Sosnik 5.1 (Bio)pharmaceutic Challenges in Therapeutics Polymerie Micelles Micellar Encapsulation Preparation Methods Physical Stability Temperature-sensitive Polymerie Micelles Polyethylene Oxide)-Poly(propylene Oxide) and Other Polyether Amphiphiles Polyethylene Oxide)-Polyester Block Copolymers 127

5 xiv Contents Poly(iV-isopropylacrylamide) Substitutes of PEG as Hydrophilic Building Block ph-responsive Micelles Translation into Clinics and Perspectives 135 Acknowledgements 137 References 137 Chapter 6 Ultrasound-triggered Release from Micelles 148 William G. Pitt, Ghaleb A. Husseini and Laura N. Kherbeck 6.1 Introduction Ultrasound Physics of Ultrasound Micelles Drug Delivery from Micelles Targeting Ultrasound-triggered Release from Micelles The Future of Ultrasound-triggered Drug Delivery from Micelles 169 References 171 Chapter 7 Smart Polymersomes: Formation, Characterisation and Applications 179 R. T. Pearson, M. Avila-Olias, A. S. Joseph, S. Nyberg and G. Battaglia 7.1 Polymersome Formation Polymersomes Characterization Polymersomes as Delivery Vectors Polymersomes in Medicine and Pharmacy 196 References 202 Chapter 8 Reduction-sensitive Nanosystems for Active Intracellular Drug Delivery 208 Ru Cheng, Fenghua Meng, Chao Deng and Zhiyuan Zhong 8.1 Introduction Reduction-sensitive Polymerie Micelles Reduction-sensitive Shell-sheddable Micelles Micelles with Reduction-sensitive Core Reduction-sensitive Cross-linked Micelles 214

6 Contents xv 8.3 Reduction-sensitive Polymersomes Reduction-sensitive Nanoparticles Reduction-sensitive Capsules Reduction-sensitive Nanogels Conclusions 227 Acknowledgements 227 References 227 Chapter 9 Enzyme-responsive Drug-delivery Systems 232 Pier-Francesco Caponi and Rein V. Ulijn 9.1 Introduction Exploiting Enzymes in Drug Delivery Factors to Consider in the Design of ERMs for Drug Delivery Enzyme-responsive Hydrogels Chemically Cross-linked Hydrogels Enzyme-responsive Micelles Disruptive Enzyme-responsive Micelles Switchable Micelles Enzyme-responsive Silica Nanocontainers Conclusion 251 References 252 Chapter 10 Bioresponsive Polyplexes and Micelleplexes 256 Cameron Alexander and Francisco Fernandez Trillo 10.1 Introduction ph-responsive Polyplexes Reducible Polyplexes Thermo-responsive Polyplexes Other Stimuli-responsive Polyplexes Dual Responsive Polyplexes Conclusions 275 Cell Lines Mentioned in this Chapter 276 References 276 Chapter 11 Advances in Drug-delivery Systems Based on Intrinsically Conducting Polymers 283 Manisha Sharma, Darren Svirskis and Sanjay Garg 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Polymerisation

7 xvj Contents 11.3 Properties Conductivity Stability Biosensing Solubility Characterization Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy Atomic Force Microscopy Cyclic Voltammetry Biocompatibility Mechanisms for Controlled Drug Release Utilizing Electrostatic Forces in ICPs Volume Changes in ICPs Drug-delivery Systems Reservoir Systems Actuating Devices Matrix Type Miscellaneous Devices Demonstration of Biological Applications Conclusions 300 References 300 Chapter 12 UV and Near-IR Triggered Release from Polymerie Micelles and Nanoparticles 304 Manuel Alatorre-Meda, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo, Angel Concheiro and Pablo Taboada 12.1 Introduction UV and Near-IR Light Irradiation UV-visible Light Near-IR light Mechanisms of Light-triggered Release Light-sensitive Polymerie DDSs Light-sensitive Polymerie Micelles Polymerie Vesicles Polymerie Nano-/microparticles Conclusion and Outlook 338 Acknowledgements 338 References 339 Subject Index 349