INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND BIO-SCIENCE

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1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND BIO-SCIENCE A REVIEW ON ITS ETHANOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CARDIOSPERMUM HELICACABUM LINN V. KRISHNA MURTHY NAIK 1, K. SUDHAKAR BABU 1, J. LATHA 2, V. PRABHAKAR 1 1. Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, A.P, INDIA 2. Department of Bio-technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University College of Engineering & Technology, S.K.University, Anantapuramu, A.P, INDIA Accepted Date: 14/12/2014; Published Date: 27/12/2014 Abstract: The use of plant as medicine is as old human civilization. Exploration of this traditional knowledge cures to common disease is an attractive prospect. This weed has been known to possess analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, antifertility and wound healing activity. Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. Commonly known as Balloon vine has many associated utilities, including a remedy for joint pain, the crude extracts from leaf and steam of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn, phytochemical compounds including oleic acid, arachidic acid, linoleic acid, plamitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, have been isolated from this plant. The aim of this review article was to summarize the information to botany, phytochemistry, traditional and pharmacological activity of the Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. The Plant stem also used antioxidant, analgesic and anti inflammatory and anti diabetic activities are yet to be commercially formulated as modern medicines, even though they have been acclaimed for their therapeutic properties in the traditional systems of medicine. Keywords: Anticancer, Phytochemistry, Medicine, Disease. Corresponding Author: MR. V. KRISHNA MURTHY NAIK Access Online On: PAPER-QR CODE How to Cite This Article: 392

2 INTRODUCTION ETHNOBIOLOGICAL TAXONOMY OF BALLOON VINE BY THE IRULAS OF TAMIL NADU: The traditional Irula classification of Balloon vine is complex and has been largely influenced by urbanization. Many aboriginal communities in India, such as the Irulas are still considered in the pre-agricultural stage of development. Traditionally, the Irulas are mainly gatherers and depend on the forest produce for food, medicine and utilities. Their villages are widely dispersed geographically in the reserve forest and foothills. However, some villages are on the adjacent rangelands and consequently are influenced by the large urban centers of modern society. The aboriginal farmers in these rangelands grow herbs and produce (e.g., millets) as a commodity for sale in urban villages of mainstream society. Ragupathy (1992) during his ethno botanical survey of the Irulas in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu recorded the food and medicinal use of several ethnotaxa of Cardiospermum halicacabum. In these surveys, all of the informants were familiar with balloon vine as a food and many (85%) could identify different ethnotaxa used for various utilities. The stem and leaves of this plant are regularly used to make soup and curry. The seeds of some ethnotaxa are used as oral pain relievers or applied to aching joints as a paste. These reports suggest that the Irulas classify several ethnotaxa of balloon vine and that these may be respectively associated with a specific utility. Surveys from non-traditional communities indicate that some people (20%) are still familiar with some of the basic traditional knowledge concerning the utility of balloon vine. Surprisingly, it was also noted that many (75%) people in modern urban centers use of balloon vine to treat rheumatoid arthritis, but few (<5%) are familiar with the traditional knowledge of balloon vine. It is not known if the balloon vine remedies of larger urban centers are made from specific ethnotaxa of balloon vine and therefore recognizing a complex traditional classification system. Researchers at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario Herbarium, University of Guelph in association with University of Madras and University of Bharathiar in India are investigating the ethnobiological classification of balloon vine. Their approach bridges the aboriginal multi-mechanistic (Newmaster et al. 2006ab, 2007) with novel scientific tools such as DNA bar-coding and advances biochemical analyses in order to evaluate if this classification differentiates genomic and biochemical motifs. 393

3 Plant Profile: Fig: 1 Fig: 2 Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn Seeds of Cardiospermum helicacabum. Kingdom (Unranked) (Unranked) (Unranked) Order Family Sub family Genus Species Plantae Angiosperms Eudicots Rosids Sapaindales Sapindaceae Sapindoideae Cardiospermum C.halicacabum Binomial name Cardiospermum halicacabum 394

4 Phytochemistry: S.No Phyto-constituents Type Plant part 1. Arachidic acid Lipid Seed 2. Linoleic acid Lipid See 3. Oleic acid Lipid Seed 4. Plamitic acid Lipid Seed 5. Steraric acid Lipid Seed 6. Eicosenoic acid Lipid Seed 7. 1-Cyano-2-hydroxymethyl-prop-2- ene-3-ol. Fatty acid Whole Plant Chemical Structure of Cardiospermum helicacabum: 395

5 Chemical Structure of the Phytoconstituents: 396

6 Pharmacological activity: Anti diabetic Activity: (Alloxan induced diabetes): Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection (single dose) of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg, body weight) in 0.9% w/v NaCl solution (normal saline) to overnight fasted normal rats. Blood glucose level was checked by using one-touch glucometer and diabetes was confirmed after 72 hours of alloxanisation. Rats shown FBG 300 mg/dl were considered to diabetic and were selected for studies. Analgesic activity Hot plate method The albino mice of either sex were divided into six groups.each consists of six animals. One group served as control (received 1% tween 80), the second group served as standard (received pentazocine 200 mg /kg/ip bw) while the third group served as test (received methanolic extract of 200mg/kg/ip). (G Babu, Dr. R. Suthakaran e.t., al.2014). Wound healing activity: The wound healing activity was studied by using four groups. The groups are, Group I negative control simple ointment, In Group II positive control Soframycine. 0.01%w/v, Group III CHEE and Group IV CHCE. The size of the wound in surface area, On the Day 1 (45.25) (45.44) (46.24) (45.25). On the Day 3 (45.25) (22.16) (30.42) (30.42). On the Day 5 (45.25) (12.24) (22.24) (22.24). On the Day 7 (25.42) (2.14) (10.14) (10.14). On the Day 9 (32.42) (0.585) (2.14) (2.14).The mean percentage closure of excision wound model on Day 9 (28.35) (98.71) (95.37) (95.27). Contraction of the excision wound was promoted from Day 1 of the treatment till Day 9. The epithelization of wound in case of mice treated with extract was found to be quite earlier than control. It is also comparable with the marketed preparation. It suggests than the stem extract of Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn promoted wound healing activity. The excision wound model showed significant wound healing property of the stem extract of Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn, which was well compared with standard drug. (V V. K. Naik et al, 4(3), 2014, ). Antioxidant activity: A study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity and HPTLC fingerprint of Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn. The stem extract of ethanol and analyzed for their free radical scavenging activity in different e.g. DPPH radical scavenging and Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, Superoxide radical scavenging activity, ferric ion scavenging activity, were compared with standard antioxidant like ascorbic acid. All the extracts showed good antioxidant activity. (V. Krishnamurthy Naik, et al, Issue 4 (Vol. 4) 2014) 397

7 Anticonvulsant activity: The effect of various doses of decoction of C. halicacabum (1, 5, 10,15 and 20 g / kg) was studied against maximal electroshock seizure test (150 ma, 0.2 sec) in male rats according to the method of Holland et al (1961)5. Percentage protection from convulsions was noted. Dilantin sodium (100 mg/kg p.o) was used as reference standard for comparison. Anti inflammatory activity: Effects of C. Halicacabum on acute and chronic inflammatory process induced by xylol and croton oil are summarized in table 1 and 2, respectively. In acute inflammation in mouse, the test drug in 10 g / kg dose leve, afforded significant (p < 0.001) protection from oedema. It showed 70% inhibition of oedema as compared to 46% of phenylbutazone. Similarly in chronic inflammatory process drug decoction 10 and 20 g / kg showed very significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the inflammatory exudates with reduction in weight of pouch wall. This activity was almost similar to that of phenylbutazone (100 mg/kg). Antifertility activity: Test drug up to 10 g/ kg did not exhibit any anti implantation effect in female rats. On isolated G. pig ileum: Decoction in 200 mg/ml bath fluid completely blocked the sparmogenic effect of Acetylcholine and histamine (500 ng/ml On rabit jejunum: Test drug from 100 mg/ml showed relaxation of smooth muscle of intestine and blocked the sparmogenic effect of acetylcholine completely. On frog recuts abdominis: At 100 mg/ml, test decoction exhibited marked curare like action by blocking the spasmogenic effect of acetylcholine. ( N. R. PILLAI.,et,.al. Vol No.1 July 1985, Pages 32 36). Antibacterial activity: The antibacterial activity of Methanol, Acetone and Benzene extracts was investigated using agar well diffusion method, against the selected human pathogens such as Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Streptococcus sp. All the examined extract showed varying degrees of antibacterial activities against the pathogens The present studies showed antibacterial activity of Methanol and Benzene Extracts of cardiospermum`halicacabum L showed) maximum zone of inhibition (18mm) against Streptococcus sp and it showed minimum inhibitory zone (11mm) against Acetone extract. The antibacterial activity of Benzene Extracts of Cardiospermum `halicacabum L showed maximum zone of inhibition (16mm) against Escherichia Coli and it showed minimum inhibitory zone(13mm) against Acetone extract. The antibacterial activity of Benzene Extracts of Cardiospermum`halicacabum L showed maximum zone of inhibition (17mm) against 398

8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, minimum inhibitorys zone (14mm) against Methanol extract.( R. M. Gopal, K. Prabhakaran,et.,al.2014). CONCLUSION: The main cause for their scientific neglect is multi constituent mainstay and the mechanism of action being unclear. Development of standardized, safe and effective herbal formulations with proven scientific evidence provides an economical alternative in several disease areas. Since disease, decay and death have always co-existed with life, the study of disease and their treatment must have also been contemporaneous with the dawn of human intellect. In our country, the science of Ayurveda had provided a system of medical treatment and most of the remedies for treating illness were taken from plants. During the last few decades, much work has been done in the field of natural products. At no time in the history of mankind has there been more rapid and meaningful progress in the understanding of plant and their constituents than during the past quarter century. The development of the science of phytopharmaceuticals and the hopes for the remedies in chronic diseases has generated more new enthusiasm in research workers to develop herbal medicines. A considerable amount of work has been done to study the potential of herbal medicines and modern science has accepted the plant kingdom as a source of new biodynamic constituents. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: My sincere thanks to UGC authorities for providing financial assistance to continue research in better manner. I am very thankful to S.K. University authorities for providing such an environment for doing better research very much. It s my pleasure to express my thanks to Department of Chemistry for giving an opportunity to do research. I express my sincere thanks to my research Supervisor Prof. K. Sudhakar Babu, who is giving valuable guidance during my research. The author thanks to the Department of Bio-technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University College of Engineering & Technology Anantapuramu, for providing facilities to carry out the work. REFERENCES: 1. Abburra, R.E., & Guzmann, C.A Estudios Fitoquimicos en Sapindaceas Argentinas I. Sobre la Composicison del aceite de Semillas en el Genero Cardiospermum. An. Asoc. Quim. Argent. 74:

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