Sample Concentration and Analysis of Human Hormones in Drinking Water

Transcription

1 Sample Concentration and Analysis of Human Hormones in Drinking Water Carl Fisher Applications Chemist Ion Chromatography/Sample Preparation Thermo Fisher Scientific March 1, The world leader in serving science

2 Pharmaceutical Residues in Water Supplies In 28 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) tested tap water in nine states across the country and found 85 man-made chemicals, including some medications Many research centers and news outlets have reported traces of various pharmaceuticals in drinking water supplies, including: Antibiotics Anticonvulsants Mood stabilizers Synthetic hormones (oral contraceptives) 2

3 How Do Hormones Get into Drinking Water? Wise A, O'Brien K, Woodruff T.; Environ Sci Tech. 211;1:51 6 3

4 Health Risks of Hormones in Water Supplies Hormones in water supplies are at very low concentration (ppb or ppt levels) Even extremely diluted concentrations of hormone residues harm aquatic food sources, such as freshwater fish Long-term consequences Cancer: a number of types of cancers are hormone responsive Male infertility: Links have been established between reduced sperm count in fish and estrogen in water Studies in humans are on-going in EU and the US Obesity: weight-gain has been linked to rising estrogen levels Stew Effect potential interactions between trace amounts of chemicals in water 4

5 U.S. EPA Method 539 Determination of Hormones in Drinking Water by Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) On April 16, 212 the EPA signed the third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 3) Requires monitoring for 3 contaminants using EPA and/or consensus organization analytical methods during EPA Method 539 is included in UCMR 3: 5

6 Hormones Monitored: EPA Method 539 Estrogens Estriol Estrone 17-β-Estradiol Androgens Testosterone 17-α-Ethynylestradiol Equilin Androstenedione 6

7 Hormone Analysis: Instrumentation Used SPE Thermo Scientific Dionex AutoTrace 28 Solid-Phase Extraction Instrument Thermo Scientific Dionex SolEx SPE HRPHS Cartridges LC-MS/MS Thermo Scientific Dionex UltiMate 3 LC system and Thermo Scientific TSQ Quantiva Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer 7

8 Dionex AutoTrace 28 Solid-Phase Extraction Instrument Automated SPE of large-volume aqueous or water samples 2 ml to 4 L sample volume Drinking water and ground water Positive pressure Sample Prep for Organic Analytes Priority organic pollutants, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors Automated SPE Automate all SPE steps: condition, load, rinse, and elute Use normal or reversed-phase cartridges and disks 1, 3, and 6 ml SPE cartridges Saves time and solvent, ensures reproducibility and analytical precision 8

9 SPE Cartridges Dionex SolEx cartridges Silica-, Carbon-, Polymer-based HRPHS Neutral resin comprised of high-surface area, divinylbenzene-based particle Hydrophilic, reversed-phase properties High recovery of hydrophobic targets 6 ml with 2 mg resin 9

10 Sample Concentration: Dionex AutoTrace 28 SPE Instrument 1 L Water Sodium Omadine (Biocide) Sodium Thiosulfate (Dechlorination) Bisphenol A-d 16 (MS Surrogate) + Hormones Condition MeOH; Water; N 2 Load 1 ml/min Rinse 1 ml 15% MeOH Dry N 2, 1 min Elute 2 x 3 ml + 4 ml MeOH Concentrate to dryness (N 2, 45 C) + 1 ml 5% MeOH Estriol-d 2 13 C 6 -Estradiol 13 C 2 -Ethynelestradiol Testosterone-d 3 MS Internal Standards 1

11 HPLC System UltiMate 3 RSLC system Degasser Dual-gradient Pump Thermostatted Autosampler Thermostatted Column Compartment Diode Array Detector Thermo Scientific Acclaim Rapid Separation LC (RSLC) Polar Advantage II column 2.2 µm particle size, mm ph

12 HPLC Conditions Injection volume 5 ml Column temperature 25 C Mobile phase A Mobile phase B Flow rate Water +.2% ammonium hydroxide 5:5 MeOH:Acetonitrile +.2% ammonium hydroxide 35 µl/min Gradient: 9% %B 6% 2% Time (min) 12

13 TSQ Quantiva Mass Spectrometer Attogram sensitivity Thermo Scientific Active Ion Management (AIM ) Ultrafast selected-reaction monitoring (SRM) Enhanced usability Intuitive drag-and-drop method editor software Thermo Scientific Ion Max NG ion source Automatic gas and electrical connections Increased productivity Application specific software Thermo Scientific TraceFinder Software provides an extensive database of SRM parameters 13

14 Mass Spectrometry Conditions Ion source Spray voltage Sheath gas pressure Auxiliary gas pressure Sweep gas pressure HESI III 3 V (-) 325 V (+) Ion transfer capillary temperature 35 C Vaporizer temperature 365 C Scan type Q1 and Q3 peak width (FWHM) Collision gas and pressure 5 arbitrary units 8 arbitrary units 1 arbitrary units SRM.7 Da Argon at 1.5 mtorr 14

15 ESI-MS/MS Mass Transitions Compound Precursor ion (m/z) Product ion (m/z) Collision energy (V), RF-lens (V)* Polarity Estriol , Estriol-d , Bisphenol A-d , 84 - Equilin , 16 - Estrone , C 2 -Ethynylestradiol , Ethynylestradiol , β-Estradiol , C 6 -Estradiol , Androstenedione , 97 + Testosterone , 94 + Testosterone-d , 9 + *All parameters for SRM transitions should be optimized for each instrument Red = MS internal standard; Green = MS surrogate standard 15

16 Relative Abundance Analyte Chromatograms RT: NL: 9.8E4 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] Estriol MS Cal9_ NL: 1.13E5 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 Estriol-d NL: 4.29E4 TIC F: + c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 Androstenedione (+) NL: 2.61E5 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 Bisphenol A-d NL: 1.48E5 TIC F: + c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 Testosterone (+) NL: 1.77E5 TIC F: + c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 Testosterone-d 3 (+) Time (min) Time (min) 16

17 Relative Abundance Analyte Chromatograms RT: NL: 8.41E4 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] Equilin MS Cal9_ NL: 3.13E5 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 Estrone NL: 4.49E4 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 17β-Estradiol NL: 9.86E4 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 13 C 6 -Estradiol NL: 5.27E4 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 Ethynylestradiol NL: 1.1E5 TIC F: - c ESI SRM ms [ ] MS Cal9_2 13 C 2 -Ethynylestradiol Time (min) Time (min) 17

18 Area Ratio Standard Curve Linearity Standard Dilutions Hormones + Surrogate + Internal Standards.4 Androstenedione: R 2 = µg/l µg/l 18

19 Recovery of Hormones from Fortified Drinking Water Hormone Spiked (ng/l) Measured (ng/l)* % Recovery* Estriol Estrone β-Estradiol α-Ethynylestradiol Androstenedione Testosterone Equilin *Triplicate injections of duplicate concentrations Recovery ranged from % 19

20 Detection Limits Hormone Fortified (ng/l) EPA (ng/l) Calculated (ng/l)* Estriol Estrone β-Estradiol α-Ethynylestradiol Androstenedione Testosterone Equilin *Triplicate injections of 7 replicate concentrations MRLs ranged from.1.12 ng/l 2

21 Conclusion Solid-Phase Extraction -> HPLC -> Triple Quadrupole MS Dionex AutoTrace 28 SPE Instrument Well differentiated MS peaks Hormones in drinking water concentrated with ~1% recovery Low ng/l MDLs UltiMate 3 LC System TSQ Quantiva MS System 21

22 Thermo Scientific Dionex Sample Prep Product Line Thermo Scientific Dionex ASE 15/35 Accelerated Solvent Extractor Systems Dionex AutoTrace 28 Solid-Phase Extraction Instrument Dionex SolEx SPE Cartridges Thermo Scientific Dionex Rocket Evaporator System 22

23 Thank you! OT71578-EN 315S 23