Contrasting body condition of migratory caribou femalecalf pairs at calving and weaning
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1 Contrasting body condition of migratory caribou femalecalf pairs at calving and weaning Joëlle Taillon 1 (joelle.taillon@bio.ulaval.ca), V. Brodeur 2, M. Festa-Bianchet 4, S. D. Côté 1 1 Université Laval, 2 MRNF, Nord-du-Québec, 4 Université de Sherbrooke
2 Factors affecting population dynamics Environmental stochasticity Density-dependence Individual s -Body condition -Growth -Reproduction -Survival Population dynamics Sex Age-class Season
3 Juveniles are known to be more sensitive than adults Juvenile s body condition Density-dependence Environmental stochasticity Season Growth Future reproductive success Survival Maternal traits??
4 Influence of maternal traits Juvenile s body condition Maternal traits Body mass Age Parturition/Calving Season Lactation/Weaning Largely unknown for migratory species
5 Migratory caribou of Northern Québec/Labrador Two herds : Rivière-George & Rivière-aux-Feuilles Map source : CARMA
6 Migratory caribou of Northern Québec/Labrador Large annual range High fidelity to calving grounds (92%) No overlap of calving grounds (800km apart) Rivière-aux-Feuilles Rivière-George
7 Historical changes in population size Large variations in abundance Competition for forage on calving grounds and summer range Are factors affecting calves body condition similar between herds??
8 Identifying factors affecting calves body condition Calving Calves body condition Body mass Body size Body fat Weaning Two herds Maternal traits Age Body mass
9 Body condition monitoring In 2007, 2008 and 2009 : sampling of female-calf pairs (n=15 for each herd) Measurements : Body mass : total body mass (kg) Body size : hind foot length (cm) Body fat : kidney fat (%) Calving Use of summer habitats Weaning June July August September October
10 Calving : effect of herd on calves body condition At calving Effect of year and sex of calf taken into account No effect of female s age : young and old females produced similar calves Effect of herd : George calves are bigger and fatter than Feuilles calves Regression models Body mass R 2 =0.41, F 5,99 =13.21, P< Body size R 2 =0.27, F 4,98 =8.46, P< Body fat R 2 =0.21, F 1,99 =26.46, P< Significant variables Herd / Female body mass / Sex of calf George Feuilles Body mass 6.05±0.13 > 5.35±0.12kg +0.7kg (~8%) Body fat 40.0±1.6 > 28.9±1.6% +11% Body size 33.3±0.2 = 33.0±0.2cm =
11 Calving : interaction between herd and female s condition Body mass At calving Effect of female body condition : Bigger females produce bigger and taller calves The influence of females traits is stronger for Feuilles No effect on calve s body fat Female mass*herd F 1,99 =4,09, P=0.046 Body size Female mass*herd F 1,99 =6.16, P=0.015 George Feuilles
12 Weaning : effect of herd on calves body condition At weaning Effect of year and sex of calf taken into account No effect of female s age : young and old females produced similar calves Effect of herd : George calves are bigger, longer and fatter than Feuilles calves Regression models Body mass Body size Body fat R 2 =0.57, F 5,96 =24.23, P< R 2 =0.28, F 3,96 =12.26, P< R 2 =0.20, F 1,99 =26.46, P< Significant variables Herd / Female body mass / Sex of calf George Feuilles Body mass 51.2±0.9 > 41.6±0.9kg +10kg (~20%) Body fat 14.1±1.0 > 10.1±1.0% +4% Body size 48.8±0.3 > 47.3±0.2cm +1.5cm
13 Weaning: simple effects of herd and female s condition At weaning Effect of female body condition : Bigger females produce heavier, taller and fatter calves Positive relationship with calves body fat Similar relationships between herds Body mass Body size Female Female body body mass F 1,99 F =20.71, 1,99 =20.71, P< P< George Feuilles Female mass F 1,99 =5.03, P=0.027
14 Effects of herd and maternal traits differ between seasons It is important to consider the life stage and to describe body condition with multiple and appropriate measures Calving Two herds Calves body condition Body mass Body size Body fat Weaning Maternal traits Age Body mass Negative impact of herd size George > Feuilles George > Feuilles +8% Stronger at weaning +20% Positive effect of the mother Bigger females = bigger calves Stronger for Feuilles Similar for both herds
15 Acknowlegments Caribou-Ungava research team In the field : Stéphane Rivard, MRNF Marc Bélanger, MRNF Peter May, Makivik
16 For more information on the research program :
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